This page is an automatic translation of Open-source metal 3-D printer.This translation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but without any guarantee of accuracy.
스파크1.jpg
프로젝트 데이터
저자Gerald C. Anzalone
Chenlong Zhang
Bas Wijnen
Paul G. Sanders
조슈아 M. 피어스
위치Michigan , USA
상태 설계
모델링
프로토타입
검증됨
에 의해 인증받은최대
비용미화 1,194.13달러
OKH 선언문Open Know-How Manifest다운로드
소스 데이터

출처를 다음과 같이 인용 Citation reference for the source document.Gerald C. Anzalone, Chenlong Zhang, Bas Wijnen, Paul G. Sanders 및 Joshua M. Pearce, " 저비용 오픈 소스 3D 금속 인쇄 " IEEE Access , 1, pp.803-810, (2013).

doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2013.2293018 오픈 액세스 프리프린트
장치 데이터
하드웨어 라이선스CERN-OHL-S
인증OSHWA 인증 시작
Michigan Tech의 Open Sustainability Technology Lab 지금 Free Appropriate Sustainable Technology 에서 Dr. Joshua Pearce에게 연락하십시오 .
MOST · 프로젝트 및 간행물 · 방법 · Lit. 리뷰 · 사람 · 스폰서 · 뉴스 · Twitter 업데이트 · YouTube
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오픈 소스 자체 복제 래피드 프로토타이저( RepRap) 의 기술적 진보) 커뮤니티는 폴리머 기반 재료를 사용하여 분산형 적층 제조를 빠르게 확장할 수 있게 했습니다. 그러나 공개 소스 금속 대안의 부족과 독점 상용화 ​​금속 3D 프린터의 높은 자본 비용 및 느린 처리량으로 인해 배포가 심각하게 제한되었습니다. 상용화된 금속 3D 프린터의 적용은 쾌속 조형과 고가의 완제품에 국한되어 있다. 이것은 중소기업, 개발 도상국 및 실험실에서 사용하기 위한 기술의 접근을 심각하게 제한합니다. 이 백서는 $2000 미만의 오픈 소스 금속 3D 프린터 개발에 대해 보고합니다. 금속 3D 프린터는 오픈 소스 마이크로 컨트롤러로 제어되며 저가의 상용 가스 금속 MIG 용접기와 델타봇 RepRap인 Rostock의 파생 제품을 결합한 것입니다. BOM, 전기 및 기계 설계 도식, 기본 구성 및 운영 절차가 제공됩니다. 3D프린터의 특성과 그 결과물인 철강 제품에 대한 예비 기술 분석을 수행합니다. 맞춤형 기능성 금속 부품을 인쇄한 결과에 대해 논의하고 기술의 잠재력과 이 기술의 대량 보급에 필요한 향후 작업에 대한 결론을 도출합니다.

최신 MOST 금속 RepRap 3D 프린터는 다음을 참조하십시오.

새로운 소프트웨어: 오픈 소스 GMAW 기반 금속 3D 프린팅을 위한 슬라이서 및 공정 개선

이 페이지는 RepRap 3D 프린팅을 사용하여 지속 가능한 개발을 위해 OSAT를 만드는 국제 프로젝트의 일부입니다 . 자세히 알아 보기

연구: OSAT의 오픈 소스 3D 프린팅 • RecycleBot • 가정 재활용의 LCA • 녹색 분산 재활용 • 윤리적 필라멘트 • 분산 제조의 LCA • RepRap LCA 에너지 및 CO 2 • 태양열 RepRaps • 태양열 재활용 로봇 • 타당성 허브 • 기계 테스트 • RepRap 인쇄 프로토콜: MOST • 교훈 • MOST RepRap 빌드 • MOST Prusa 빌드 • MOST HS RepRap 빌드 •RepRap 인쇄 서버

Make me: MOST RepRap을 만들고 싶나요? - 여기서 시작하세요! • Delta 빌드 개요:MOST • Athena 빌드 개요 • MOST 금속 3D 프린터 • 인도주의적 위기 대응 3D 프린터


Bill of Materials

안건숫자비용(USD)원천
인쇄된 12개 부품 모두 @ $40/kg$12.00로컬 렙랩
모든 패스너$2.00http://www.mcmaster.com/
M3 너트90
M3x10mm 나사12
M3x12mm 나사48
M3x20mm 나사12
M3x8mm 고정 나사6
M3와셔102
M8 너트6
M8세트 나사3
152mm x 152mm 세라믹 단열재1$ 4.00
로드, 베어링 및 동점http://www.amazon.com/
300mm x 8mm 매끄러운 막대6$25.00
304.8mm 탄소 섬유 막대6$6.00
608zz 베어링6$2.40
LM8UU베어링6$6.00
작은 와이어 타이3$0.50
타이로드 엔드24$ 8.00
600mm T5 벨트3$ 5.90http://www.polytechdesign.com/
241mm x 51mm x 4mm 알루미늄 판3$114.00지역 기계 공장
NEMA17 스테퍼 모터(1.8도, 5.5kg-cm 홀딩 토크, 750mm 와이어)3$39.00http://www.kysanelectronics.com/
기계식 리미트 스위치3$3.33http://www.digikey.com/
Melzi 마이크로컨트롤러 보드1$120.00http://web.archive.org/web/20160304170259/http://matterfy.com/
Millermatic 140 카트가 있는 자동 설정 MIG 용접기1$836.00http://www.millerwelds.com/
전원1$8.00(재활용)/인터넷
전선1$ 2.00(재활용)/인터넷
총$1,194.13

Printed Parts

메탈프.png

Print these STL files on any flavor of RepRap. The red parts in the image on the right are the printed parts. The SCAD if you need it.

Construction

Note to Makers

If you have made a RepRap before this will be easy -- if you are not familiar with RepRaps or Deltabots like the Rostock - more detailed build instructions are available at the MOST Prusa RepRap build page and the Delta Build Overview:MOST. Those links will give details on how, for example, you can braid the wires or configure the Melzi/Arduino microcontroller.This concept, however, is not limited to this specific design and should of course work for most RepRap printers -- you just need the fire proofing and your own welder...good luck! If you get it to work - please drop us a line.

Initial Prep

  1. Prepare all the materials listed in BOM
  2. Print all plastic components on a RepRap
  3. Ream the M3 screw holes in each plastic part and clean out nut traps with a sharp knife, make it fit for all M3 screws and nuts

Single pillar build

Detail of bottom inside, showing placement of limit switch
Detail of bottom outside
Detail top
  1. Attach the motor and the base plastic with M3 X 10mm screws with washers. Insert two M3 nuts into the set screw nut traps in the pulley, loosely insert two M3 X 8mm set screws into the pulley. Push the pulley through the motor rods and fasten all screws.
  2. Attach the limit switch to its holder on the base plastic using M2 X 10mm screws. Add some epoxy to make sure the switch doesn't move. Ensure that the screw in the carriage engages the switch arm. Adjust this screw to set the position where the carriage engages the limit switch.
  3. Use drill or knife to clean the rod openings, insert 2 parallel 300mm smooth rods into the holes in base plastic, use M3 X 12mm screw with washers to fasten all the rod to immobilize the both rods.
  4. Emerge the LM8UU bearings into oil for lubrication, insert 2 LM8UU bearings into the slots in the plastic shuttle, and firmly tighten each bearing with two small wire ties. Slide the LM8UU bearings with the plastic shuttles onto each rods.
  5. Fasten the top end of the parallel rods into the top plastics with M3 X 12mm screws with washers. Use the M8 set screw and M8 nut to fix two 608zz bearings into the center holes in the top plastic.
  6. Pass one end of the T5 belt through and around one belt terminator and pull the tail of the belt through other terminator. Loop the end of the belt around the pulley. Loop the other end of the belt around the 608zz bearings. Attach one terminator to the plastic shuttle with LM8UU bearings with an M3 X 10mm screw with washer. Firmly fasten the terminators with a small wire tie.

3X

This ends the single pillar build. 3 pillars should be built in parallel. 241mm X 51mm aluminum plates are attached to both bottom and top plastics to make the frame a triangular prism shape.

Platform build

  1. Epoxy the tie wire ends to carbon fiber rods in both ends. M3 X 12mm screw and nut set is used to fasten the tie wire ends to the plastic shuttles. The other end is fastened to the plastic stage holder.
  2. Ensure the M3 screws are loosely thread through the hole in the tie wire ends so that it allows each carbon fiber arm to shift in all direction freely.
  3. 3 5cm long nails are thread into the plastic platform holder for supporting the 152mm X 152mm ceramic tray.

Electronics

Fig. 2 Wiring Diagram
  • For the wiring diagram see Fig. 2
  • Step motors and limit switches are wired to corresponding terminals on the microcontroller board, which is connected to Linux computer with a USB cable.
  • The board is powered with a recycled computer power supply.
  • To control the welder we use one of these relays attached to the RAMPS auxiliary i/o and power pins. Changing the state of the pins to which the board is attached changes the state of the relay assigned to the activated pin. The relay contacts are then wired in parallel with the trigger switch in the handle of the welding gun. Toggling the handle trigger or the relay will toggle the welder. This way the welder can still be used as it normally would when not attached to the printer...

Safety

  • Safety equipment is based off of standard MIG welding safety protocols

Work Area

  • Use your metal 3D printer on a flat surface isolated from water and flammable materials.
  • Verify that you have proper grounding with a metal on metal connection to your substrate.
  • Ensure your gas cylinder is secured to an upright support or cart at all times and only use gas hoses designed for welding.
  • Eliminate clutter from the work area as you will be raining sparks everywhere. Minimize the number of cables underfoot to avoid tripping.
  • Examine hoses regularly for leaks, wear and loose connections and replace faulty lines. Spray with a soap and water mixture. Bubbles will show leaks.
  • Ensure proper ventilation of work area. Welding fumes are hazardous. In a home garage leave a door or window open and run a box fan as an exhaust to remove fumes from your breathing area. We have also used masks.

Safety gear

  • Wear safety glasses at all times while in the lab.
  • When printing and/looking at the printer while printing wear a welders mask/welding helmet (auto-darkening or flip-shade with current ANSI certification) or look at it using a webcam. Do not watch the printer with unprotected eyes!
  • Use pliers to pick up the substrate after printing or thick leather gloves
  • Always wear flame-resistant lab coat and heavy duty leather gloves when handling the printed parts
  • Wear leather shoes - high-tops (steel-toes are a bonus).

Metal 3D printing exposes you to welding for longer periods of time than is normal for routine welding. You should ensure that all of your skin is covered by something to avoid "sun burns".

Operation

The stage is controlled like a regular RepRap Delta 3-D printer. For a primer on the nomenclature try this. Download Repetier firmware and host software, use Arduino to upload the firmware to the stage, and set up Cura on the host. This will work on any type of computer but we recommend the free and open source Debian.Models can be created and modified with any 3-D editor, such as OpenSCAD, Blender or a CAD application like FreeCAD (for a more detailed list of free open source CAD programs go here. The model should be exported as an STL file. That is loaded into Cura and sliced to a toolpath. It may take a few tries to get all the settings right. The GCode is saved to disk and opened with Repetier Host, which sends it to the stage. When the platform reaches the welding gun, switch on the welder by plugging in cable leading to the switch (which is to be held pressed with a wire tie).While the print is going, pay attention to the distance between the gun and the object. This should start out at approximately 7 mm and remain the same. If it increases, either decrease the layer height, or slow down the movement (this can be done during the print with Repetier Host). If it decreases, do the opposite.

Experimental features

While the whole setup is still highly experimental, some parts are more experimental than others. Some features are listed here that are being tested with various levels of success.Cura will attempt to adjust the "line width" of the deposited filament by changing its feedrate. Currently the welder does not support any such adjustment, so some parts get more material than they should, while others get less. To solve this, a plugin for Cura was developed which converts these feedrate changes into nozzle speed changes. The plugin can be found with the scad file on github.This plugin also supports adding in custom commands when travel ends or starts. This can be used to activate a relay for switching the welder power.

See also

Useful Discussions

Media

U.S. Media

International Media

Britain

Canada

China

Denmark

France

Germany

India

Italy

  • 3D printing of metal, open source and peanuts - Tom's Hardware

Japan

Lithuania

Malaysia

Norway

Poland

Romania

Russia

Spain

Page data
Type Project, Device
Keywords osat, open source optics, 3d printing, open source hardware, metal 3d printer, 3d printer, metal 3d printing
SDG Sustainable Development GoalSDG09 Industry innovation and infrastructure
Authors Joshua M. Pearce
License CC-BY-SA-4.0
Affiliations MOST, MTU
What links here 175 pages
Translations Automatic translations of this page.العربية, Español, فارسی, Français, Hrvatski, 日本語, 한국어, မြန်မာဘာသာ, Português, Русский, Türkçe, Українська, Tiếng Việt, 中文
Impact Number of visits to this page and its redirects.115,263
Created November 22, 2013 by Joshua M. Pearce
Modified March 20, 2023 by Pedro Kracht
Cite as Joshua M. Pearce (2013–2023). "Open-source metal 3-D printer". Appropedia. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
Retrieved from "https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Open-source_metal_3-D_printer/ko&oldid=710577"
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