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{{Source data | |||
| type = Paper | |||
| cite-as = Chelsea Schelly, Edward P. Louie, Joshua M. Pearce. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1755008416303180 Examining interconnection and net metering policy for distributed generation in the United States]. ''Renewable Energy Focus'' 22–23, (2017), pp. 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2017.09.002 [https://www.academia.edu/35065588/Examining_Interconnection_and_Net_Metering_Policy_for_Distributed_Generation_in_the_United_States free open access] | |||
}} | |||
{{MOST}} | {{MOST}} | ||
Following requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, most U.S. states require utility companies to adopt interconnection and net metering policies, allowing customers to become prosumers who both consume and produce electricity, generating electricity using distributed renewable energy technologies, connecting to the existing electric utility grid and receiving compensation for excess electricity generation. This paper reviews existing interconnection and net metering policies instituted by investor owned utilities (IOUs) across the U.S., specifically focused on policies regulating installations of small scale, residential or Tier 1 (a term used to indicate policies applicable to smaller scale rather than larger scale, although the size at which DG systems are classified as either Tier 1 or higher tiers varies by utility). Publicly available data from each IOU reveal inconsistencies in interconnection and net metering policies, within states and even within individual companies. In addition, accurate information is often unavailable to consumers. Perhaps most importantly, results suggest that compensation for excess distributed generation often lacks transparent articulation in utility policy. The results of this study provide important insight into interconnection and net metering policies for distributed renewable energy generation, as states and utilities continue to modify interconnection and net metering policies in response to increased adoption of distributed renewable energy systems. | Following requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, most U.S. states require utility companies to adopt interconnection and net metering policies, allowing customers to become prosumers who both consume and produce electricity, generating electricity using distributed renewable energy technologies, connecting to the existing electric utility grid and receiving compensation for excess electricity generation. This paper reviews existing interconnection and net metering policies instituted by investor owned utilities (IOUs) across the U.S., specifically focused on policies regulating installations of small scale, residential or Tier 1 (a term used to indicate policies applicable to smaller scale rather than larger scale, although the size at which DG systems are classified as either Tier 1 or higher tiers varies by utility). Publicly available data from each IOU reveal inconsistencies in interconnection and net metering policies, within states and even within individual companies. In addition, accurate information is often unavailable to consumers. Perhaps most importantly, results suggest that compensation for excess distributed generation often lacks transparent articulation in utility policy. The results of this study provide important insight into interconnection and net metering policies for distributed renewable energy generation, as states and utilities continue to modify interconnection and net metering policies in response to increased adoption of distributed renewable energy systems. | ||
==Highlights== | {{Pearce publications notice}} | ||
== Highlights == | |||
* Examines interconnection and net metering compensation for investor owned utilities in the United States. | * Examines interconnection and net metering compensation for investor owned utilities in the United States. | ||
* Analysis reveals inconsistencies across utilities, even those operating in states with statewide net metering policies. | * Analysis reveals inconsistencies across utilities, even those operating in states with statewide net metering policies. | ||
* Analysis reveals most investor owned utilities do not in practice provide retail compensation for excess generation, even when advertised. | * Analysis reveals most investor owned utilities do not in practice provide retail compensation for excess generation, even when advertised. | ||
== See also == | |||
* [[Energy Policy for Energy Sovereignty: Can policy tools enhance energy sovereignty?]] | |||
* [[Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan]] | * [[Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan]] | ||
* [[Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada]] | |||
* [[Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic, battery and cogen hybrid systems]] | * [[Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic, battery and cogen hybrid systems]] | ||
* [[Performance of U.S. hybrid distributed energy systems: Solar photovoltaic, battery and combined heat and power]] | * [[Performance of U.S. hybrid distributed energy systems: Solar photovoltaic, battery and combined heat and power]] | ||
* [[Review of solar levelized cost]] | * [[Review of solar levelized cost]] | ||
* [[Emerging economic viability of grid defection in a northern climate using solar hybrid systems]] | * [[Emerging economic viability of grid defection in a northern climate using solar hybrid systems]] | ||
* [[The Potential for Grid Defection of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using Solar Photovoltaic, Battery and Generator Hybrid Systems]] | |||
* [[Hybrid photovoltaic-trigeneration systems]] | * [[Hybrid photovoltaic-trigeneration systems]] | ||
* [[The energy crises revealed by COVID: Intersections of Indigeneity, inequity, and health]] | |||
* [[A review of the value of solar methodology with a case study of the U.S. VOS]] | |||
* [[Applying a Relationally and Socially Embedded Decision Framework to Solar Photovoltaic Adoption: A Conceptual Exploration]] | |||
* [[Decarbonizing rural residential buildings in cold climates: A techno-economic analysis of heating electrification]] | |||
* [[Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security]] | |||
* [[Open source decarbonization for a sustainable world]] | |||
* [[Economics of Open-Source Solar Photovoltaic Powered Cryptocurrency Mining]] | |||
* [http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2017/01/new-utility-program-helps-customers-go-off-grid.html Vermont Utility helping customers leave the grid for fixed monthly fee] | * [http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2017/01/new-utility-program-helps-customers-go-off-grid.html Vermont Utility helping customers leave the grid for fixed monthly fee] | ||
* [[Can grid-tied solar photovoltaics lead to residential heating electrification? A techno-economic case study in the midwestern U.S.]] | |||
==In the News== | == In the News == | ||
* [https://insideevs.com/yes-your-ev-can-charge-on-sunshine/ Yes, Your Electric Car Can Charge On Sunshine] - Insideevs (37830) | * [https://insideevs.com/yes-your-ev-can-charge-on-sunshine/ Yes, Your Electric Car Can Charge On Sunshine] - Insideevs (37830) | ||
{{Solar | {{Page data | ||
| title-tag = Net Metering Policy for Distributed Generation in the U.S. | |||
| part-of = MOST completed projects and publications | |||
| keywords = Energy policy, Electric utility, Photovoltaic, Distributed generation, off-grid, Solar energy, Cogeneration, Electricity, Energy production, Heating and cooling, Heating, Cooling | |||
| sdg = SDG07 Affordable and clean energy | |||
| organizations = MOST | |||
| location = Michigan, USA | |||
}} | |||
[[Category: | [[Category:Energy policy]] | ||
[[Category:Solar energy]] | [[Category:Solar energy]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Electricity]] | ||
[[Category: | [[Category:Energy production]] | ||
[[Category:Heating and cooling]] | |||
Latest revision as of 16:00, 23 February 2024
Following requirements of the Energy Policy Act of 2005, most U.S. states require utility companies to adopt interconnection and net metering policies, allowing customers to become prosumers who both consume and produce electricity, generating electricity using distributed renewable energy technologies, connecting to the existing electric utility grid and receiving compensation for excess electricity generation. This paper reviews existing interconnection and net metering policies instituted by investor owned utilities (IOUs) across the U.S., specifically focused on policies regulating installations of small scale, residential or Tier 1 (a term used to indicate policies applicable to smaller scale rather than larger scale, although the size at which DG systems are classified as either Tier 1 or higher tiers varies by utility). Publicly available data from each IOU reveal inconsistencies in interconnection and net metering policies, within states and even within individual companies. In addition, accurate information is often unavailable to consumers. Perhaps most importantly, results suggest that compensation for excess distributed generation often lacks transparent articulation in utility policy. The results of this study provide important insight into interconnection and net metering policies for distributed renewable energy generation, as states and utilities continue to modify interconnection and net metering policies in response to increased adoption of distributed renewable energy systems.
Highlights[edit | edit source]
- Examines interconnection and net metering compensation for investor owned utilities in the United States.
- Analysis reveals inconsistencies across utilities, even those operating in states with statewide net metering policies.
- Analysis reveals most investor owned utilities do not in practice provide retail compensation for excess generation, even when advertised.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Energy Policy for Energy Sovereignty: Can policy tools enhance energy sovereignty?
- Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan
- Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada
- Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic, battery and cogen hybrid systems
- Performance of U.S. hybrid distributed energy systems: Solar photovoltaic, battery and combined heat and power
- Review of solar levelized cost
- Emerging economic viability of grid defection in a northern climate using solar hybrid systems
- The Potential for Grid Defection of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using Solar Photovoltaic, Battery and Generator Hybrid Systems
- Hybrid photovoltaic-trigeneration systems
- The energy crises revealed by COVID: Intersections of Indigeneity, inequity, and health
- A review of the value of solar methodology with a case study of the U.S. VOS
- Applying a Relationally and Socially Embedded Decision Framework to Solar Photovoltaic Adoption: A Conceptual Exploration
- Decarbonizing rural residential buildings in cold climates: A techno-economic analysis of heating electrification
- Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security
- Open source decarbonization for a sustainable world
- Economics of Open-Source Solar Photovoltaic Powered Cryptocurrency Mining
- Vermont Utility helping customers leave the grid for fixed monthly fee
- Can grid-tied solar photovoltaics lead to residential heating electrification? A techno-economic case study in the midwestern U.S.
In the News[edit | edit source]
- Yes, Your Electric Car Can Charge On Sunshine - Insideevs (37830)