Las Malvinas Botica Popular 2015

Project data
Authors	Carley Bramhill Lexie Folkerts Tanya Garcia allison nerby Annette Penny Kaileigh
Location	Las Malvinas, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
Status	Deployed
Years	2015
Cost	USD 726.68
OKH Manifest	Download

Las Malvinas team in front of the town's sign

This page discusses the Las Malvinas botica popular project from summer, 2015. This project entails finishing the building of the botica popular that was built by previous Practivistas students in 2013. This includes finishing all of the building's wall plaster, putting in a floor, and providing the necessary materials needed for the electric plan of the building as well.

Background[edit | edit source]

This project was included in Lonny Grafman's Practivistas summer program through Cal Poly Humboldt HSU. It took place from May 22-July 4, 2015 in the small community, Las Malvinas, located in the outskirts of Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. The task at hand was to finish the botica popular, which was built in summer, 2013, by other Practivista students Las Malvinas botica popular hullkrete 2013. Working with the community, seven Practivistas students designed and implemented this project based on the current criteria at hand. The project team was composed of a group of six students studying at Cal Poly Humboldt, all members of Lonny Grafman's Practivistas program. The project entailed making and applying plaster to the botica, laying out a floor for it, and providing materials needed for the electric plan of the building.

Fig 1: The Botica Popular upon our first inspection this trip

Objective[edit | edit source]

The objective of this project is to complete the botica popular in Las Malvinas in a way that best fits the criteria discussed, while hopefully providing the community with a finished product of what will become a reliable source of much needed medicine.

Criteria[edit | edit source]

The criteria below represents key aspects of this project in weighted form, which is a list of the key elements providing support and foundation to the design and building decisions made throughout. It stands as a guide to all decision-making for this project.

Criteria and Description
Criteria	Weight	Description
Safety	10	The structure must provide security for those using it as well as trust in the structure. It is also important that the materials used to create the structure cause no harm to the public, or less harm than the standard, given that necessary safety precautions are taken.
Durability	9	The lifespan is suitable for the consumer given that the money needed to fix or replace the structure can be saved by the time the structure is in need. The structure is also able to withstand the extremes of average weather conditions.
Environmental Impact	9	To have a less negative affect on the world than the standard that's commonly used.
Aesthetics	7	Build a finished looking, smooth and trustworthy structure.
Time	6	The importance of spending all of the constrained amount of time on a given project.
Educational Value	6	The ability for the building to be easily understood and more deeply learned about and replicated if there was a desire to do so.
Cost	5	The importance of spending all of the constrained amount of money on a given project.
Accesibility of Materials	5	The time it takes to obtain a material must be within the constrained amount. As well the ability to transport the material should be taken into consideration for whether it can be carried or delivered in that set amount of time.

Literature Review[edit | edit source]

See Las Malvinas Botica Popular 2015/Literature Review for the research done on this project.

Construction[edit | edit source]

Picture and file of completed Botica in sketch up.

Figure-#: AutoCAD drawing of the botica. — Figure-#: Representation of the botica drawn on AutoCAD

How To[edit | edit source]

Apply Plaster[edit | edit source]

Below is a table describing a common method for plastering a wall. This table is built on the assumption that one has already gathered materials/supplies and have already made the plaster being used. Also note that there are many different methods of applying plaster to a wall; the following table describes one of these ways.

Steps	Instructions
Step 1 Figure-1: Leveling the wall	Level Wall. This is done often in doorways and the tops of walls so that the applied plaster will be evenly distributed along the wall of interest's perimeter.
Step 2 Figure-2: Carley mixing the plaster to make sure it has a good consistency	Use the trowel to mix the water in with the plaster to ensure the correct consistency; Use the trowel to lift some of the plaster and drop it. Do this three times until you have a smooth consistency.
Step 3 Figure-3: Enrique splashing water in order to prep wall for plaster	Water down wall. This can be done easily by poking a hole through the cap of a water bottle and then spraying the wall.
Step 4 Figure-4: Enrique applying an outward/upward pressure on the wall to make sure plaster sticks	Use the trowel to lift some of the plaster and drop it. Do this three times until you have a smooth consistency, now scoop some plaster onto the backside of a trowel and place against wall at an upward, acute angle so that the plaster is in between the wall and the trowel. Apply pressure while pressing upward (sometimes at a diagonal direction) along the wall. Plaster should stick well to the wall.
Step 5 Figure-5: Junior using a trowel to smooth out plaster on the wall	Smooth out small areas of plaster on the wall with a flat/rectangular trowel to give the plastered part a smoother/cleaner look and then repeat this and Step 4 until the entire wall is covered in a layer of plaster.
Step 6 Figure 6: Wall Drying	When the wall is covered in plaster, let it dry a little bit for approximately 20 minutes. Less, the wall might be a little too wet for the next step; but more time, the wall will be too dry, making the next step difficult to tackle.
Step 7 Figure-7: Kaileigh using a wood float to smooth, prior to knowing the sponge technique.	Smoothing time for the wall. When smoothing, the wall must be wet to use the wood float, but it's much easier to use a sponge to both wet, and smooth the wall. Using this method, push a wet sponge against the wall in circular motion. Little pressure is needed, but it depends upon how wet the sponge is (more pressure if less wet). The plaster should look blended together and well-distributed, giving the entire wall a smoother/leveled look. During this step, the plasterer must look out for uneven indents or spots on the wall and fill them using Step 4 and 5, if needed. The entire wall needs to be evened and mixed using this sponge method.
Step 8 Figure-8: Kaileigh and Lexie admiring the finished plaster on the bottle wall.	When the plaster is dry, the wood levels can be taken down, and the wall can then be admired for eternity.

How To[edit | edit source]

Plaster Test[edit | edit source]

The following table describes the two main tests performed on a dry, plastered wall. These tests will determine whether the plaster will be sufficient in providing enough strength and resilience to use on the wall.

Steps	Instructions
Step 1 Figure-9: Water Test	The first of two tests performed for checking if the plaster used is sufficient, is called the "water test". Using a water bottle with a hole in it's cap or side is most useful. Stand in front of the wall and apply pressure to the water bottle so that it is hitting the same place on the plastered wall for about 60 seconds. The duration and distance from the wall are dependent upon the pressure of the water source. The most important thing is to keep these parameters consistent between tests, in order to make meaningful comparisons. If there is no significant indent made in the plaster, the plaster passed the water test. If the water burrows a hole in the plaster, the size of the indentations can be compared.
Step 2 Figure-10: Carley performing the scratch test to the plastered wall.	For the scratch test, the second test performed, one must use a metal brush to apply a consistent pressure on the wall while pressing up and down 100 times. If this creates an indent or hole in the plaster, then the plaster used will not pass this test. As with the water test, the degree of failure can be compared to determine the most promising recipes to iterate upon.
Step 2 Figure-11 Results of the scratch test performed inside the Botica.	Scratched the wall 100 times with the wire brush. Almost all of the plaster came off.

Timeline[edit | edit source]

The following is a timeline composed of the tasks assigned and achieved as well as the dates.

Date	Tasks
28 May 2015	Literature review Community meeting at Las Malvinas II
29 May 2015	Meeting with Eddie at Las Malvinas II Took notes on current state of Destacamento: how many blocks, current square footage Took notes on current state of Botica Popular: which walls need plaster, what square footage needs plaster, of what composition are the current blocks and plaster
03 June 2015	Meeting with Gregorio and Enrique Made list of materials needed to both purchase and obtain from the community Made tentative schedule for following two weeks
05 June 2015	Made first iteration of caliche plaster recipe and applied to an inner wall of the Botica
06 June 2015	UNIBE Architecture camping day
07 June 2015	Research on plaster to decide on materials needed to purchase
08 June 2015	Tested dried plaster on inner wall of Botica and gathered supplies
09 June 2015	Made 6 different plasters to test that all include different materials such as two types of sand, flour, human hair collected from a local barber Flour was made correctly this time by first dissolving the flour in cool water before adding it to the boiling water
10 June 2015	Research on flooring to decide on materials needed to purchase
11 June 2015	Tested 6 plaster tests, gathered supplies for floors and plaster Plaster without hair performed better in the scratch test Darker sand performed better on water test, lighter sand performed better in scratch test
12 June 2015	Removed some of the previous plaster as well as some of the filling and bottles - prepping wall to be plastered, attempting to even out Placed some of the wood framing on the walls
13 June 2015	Bought supplies to get ready for plastering Double-sifted caliche and sand Placed wood framing on walls that needed it
14 June 2015	Plastered three interior walls, window frame, one outside wall and began plastering on two other outside walls
16 June 2015	Plastered over walls whose plaster did not pass our brush and/or water test Smoothed many of the walls plastered Plaster needed for one entire wall and a small amount to the outer wall then smoothing for both Shoveled much of the large waste plaster and dirt out of the building to prep for the flooring
18 June 2015	Continued plastering and smoothing in the botica
19 June 2015	Ordered materials to use for the floor in the Botica since the previously purchased cement was used in plastering
20 June 2015	Beach day, required relaxation
21 June 2015	Continued plastering the botica, finished the second room's horizontal beam, and began plastering the first room's horizontal beam Plastered the doorway
23 June 2015	Split up into groups: one group for plastering the botica and cleaning the floors, and the second group for more block making. Horizontal beam and in front room and doorway of entryway worked on, only missing one side of the horizontal beam and whatever tiny fill-ins are left

Costs[edit | edit source]

The following table includes all purchases made to contribute to the Botica Popular. Items are listed multiple times according to how many times they were purchased. Some items were purchased at the same location and some were not.

Cost of materials
Material	Source	Quantity	Costo (RD$)	Cost ($)
25 lb Harina	Colmado Genesis	1	500	11.14
Caja Plastica 2"	Ferreteria Cuesta	4	60	1.34
Pala Cuadrada	Ferreteria Cuesta	2	760	16.93
Nicholson Hoja Segueta	Ferreteria Cuesta	2	74	1.65
Bellota Llana P/AL	Ferreteria Cuesta	2	440	9.80
Flota de Madera	Ferreteria Cuesta	4	164	3.65
Flota de Goma	Ferreteria Cuesta	4	140	3.12
1/2 lb Clavos Acero	Ferreteria Cuesta	1	28	0.62
Martillo	Ferreteria Cuesta	1	235	5.24
Plywood 1/2" (4'x8') Okume o Brazil	Ferremix	1	980	21.83
Madera 1"x4" de 14' Bruta PinoAmer	Ferremix	7	1505	33.53
Cepillo de Acerco	Farmacia Carnina	1	35	0.78
Plana Albañil	Farmacia Carnina	2	100	2.23
Cubeta Plastica 4x5	Farmacia Carnina	2	300	6.68
Cal de 10lb	Ferreteria Suazo	1	60	1.34
Cedazo para Albail de Madera	Ferreteria Suazo	1	225	5.01
Guantes Damas	Ferreteria Suazo	3	135	3.01
Plana China #7	Ferreteria Suazo	2	120	2.67
Mascarilla Especial	Ferreteria Suazo	7	420	9.36
Cal Hidratada	Innova Centro	2	576	12.83
Funda de Cemento	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	6	1380	30.74
Metero Cúbico de Arena	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	1	800	17.82
1 Libra de Harina	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	4	80	1.78
Guantes Industrial de Latex	Super Potente el Defensor del Bolsillo	2	132	2.94
Pítcher Plastico	Super Potente el Defensor del Bolsillo	1	145	3.23
Martillo	Ferremix	1	315	7.02
Martillo	Ferremix	1	187	4.16
Guantes	Ferremix	2	290	6.46
Lona de 3x4	Ferremix	1	490	10.91
Cinta Metrica 8mts.	Ferremix	2	400	8.91
Mini-Pala P/Jardin	Ferremix	3	240	5.35
Galon de Gasolina (cocina la harina)	Propa Gas	12.2	1000	22.27
Scoba	Tienda Local	1	125	2.78
Guantes Damas	Ferreteria La Formula	2	100	2.23
Llana	Ferreteria La Formula	1	225	5.01
Libra Empañete	Ferreteria Local	1/4	225	5.01
Libra de Harina	Colmado Genesis	4	80	1.78
Libra de Harina	Colmado Genesis	3.5	60	1.34
Fundas de Cemento	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	7	1610	35.87
Fundas de Cemento	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	7	1610	35.87
Metero Cúbico de Arena	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	1	800	17.82
Fundas de Cemento	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	9	1980	44.09
Metero Cúbico de Arena	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	1	800	17.82
Mascarilla Desechable	Ferrecentro Peque	70	70	1.56
Guante Motorista Trupper	Ferreteria Suazo	2	120	2.67
Alambre Picodo	Ferreteria Vasquez Martes	2	80	1.78
Disco Corte	Ferreteria "Santa Ana"	3	615	13.70
Barra Cuadrada 1/2x20	Forjados del Caribe	8	2407	53.60
Perfil Negro 1x1	Forjados del Caribe	8	742	53.60
Tola Negra Lisa 1/20 4x8 57lb	Forjados del Caribe	1	1132	25.21
Tola Negra Lisa 1/20x48x48 (Mitad)	Forjados del Caribe	1	597	1329
Cerr. Yale Italy 610-40	Forjados del Caribe	1	1097	24.43
Pestillo -PL-5/8 M/Largo	Forjados del Caribe	1	110	2.45
Domastur, Mant. Gris Claro	Forjados del Caribe	2	494	11.00
Thinner 1/2 Boltella	Forjados del Caribe	2	102	2.27
Brocha Zeus 2"	Forjados del Caribe	2	68	1.51
	Total		28781	640.93

Cost of materials (Electric Supplies for Solar Team)
Material	Source	Quantity	Costo (RD$)	Cost ($)
Tomacoriente Blanco	Ferreteria Cuesta	8	544	12.12
Alambre Electrica (200 pies)	Ferreteria Cuesta	2	2080	46.34
Bticino Caja Plastica	Ferreteria Cuesta	5	135	3.01
Caja T/GE Breaker	Ferreteria Cuesta	1	420	9.36
Tijera Forjada Corte	Ferremix	1	210	4.68
Tape Electrico	Ferreteria Cuesta	1	47	1.05
Caja Electrica 2x4	Ferremix	3	102	2.27
Tubos 1/2x19	Ferremix	5	294	6.55
	Total		3832	85.75

Tests[edit | edit source]

Plastering Day 1: Recipe[edit | edit source]

All measurements have been taken using a 5 gallon bucket with a 12 inch diameter. Some measurements are in inches and some in centimeters for greatest degree of accuracy.

Todas las medidads estan echas usando un cubete de 5 galones con un diámetro de 12 pulgadas. Unas de las medidas estan en centímetros mientras otras estan en pulgadas para mayor grado de precisión.

Plastering Day 1 Recipe
Componente	Amount	Español	Source = Fuente
Flour = Harina de Trigo	6 lb 4 oz	6 lb 4 oz	Colmado en Las Mavinas
Water = Agua	3 gallons	3 galones	Enrique y Marta
Lime = Cal	1/4 bucket = 2.75 inches from bottom	1/4 de un cubete = 2.75 pulgadas del base	Ferreteria
Caliche	9.25 cm from the bottom	9.25 cm del base	Donated by Vasquez
Sand = Arena			Donated by Vasquez

Plastering Day 1[edit | edit source]

Steps[edit | edit source]

See Botica Plastering Day down page for more accurate wheat paste plaster instructions

Fig 1a: measuring Flour to add to water to make paste. Boiled 1.5 parts water to flour which was 3 inches of flour in a 5 gal bucket to 4.5 inches water.
Fig 1b: Wheat paste consistency after cooking. We did this part wrong(correct method on day 2).
Fig 1c: Measuring cal (lime) to add to water then both to wheat pate. 1/50th parts lime to 1 part water which was about a half cup cal.
Fig 1d: Adding wheat paste to cal and caliche. Use protection, cal (lime) is toxic to eyes and lungs!
Fig 1e:Sifting sand. Should have sifted twice.
Fig 1f: Sifting sand close up.
Fig 1g: Dumping large sand chunks after sifting. Should have saved these for use in concrete blocks later.
Fig 1h: Flour, cal, and caliche mixed together before adding sand.
Fig 1i: Mixing sand into plaster ingredients. Hard work! Consistency is almost there.
Fig 1j: Finished plaster. Adding sand was eyeballed until consistency was thick and stuck to itself but was still spreadable.
Fig 1k: Applying the plaster to the wall. Had to throw at wall hard. We were missing two crucial tools here that caused our plaster to finished cracked even though it was strong and the misture was good. Day two was done correctly with all necessary tools.
Fig 1l: Result of plastering, 3 days later (8 Junio). It is cracked because we were missing the lana and goma for he finishing process.

Plastering Day 2: Instructions[edit | edit source]

Make Wheat Paste Based Eco-Plaster
Steps
Step 1: Make wheat paste Kaileigh mixing flour and cold water before adding to boiling water. This should be a pancake batter type texture with no clumps. Ours was still fairly running but it began to thicken up about 7 minutes into being added to the boiling water, and finished the thickening process after about 20 minutes. Carley mixing the wheat paste that has been on the stove for about 7 minutes. It is beginning to thicken. It looks slightly clumpy, but only because some of the runny stuff has not thickened yet. Be sure to scrape the bottom so it doesn't burn. It should continue getting thicker and more uniform. Getting thicker! The paste is getting thick and goopy. Looking good!
Step 2: Sift sand and caliche (we forgot to sift the caliche so we had to drain it out of our wet mixture and add more sifted caliche into it which required estimation). Sifting the light sand (arena y tabo)! Twice-sifted light colored sand Close up of light colored sand after sifting Sifting the dark sand
Step 3: Mix lime with water. Wear safety gear because lime is toxic to lung health, eyes, and will burn your skin! Then add lime mixture and caliche to flour paste. Adding wheat paste to lime water. Use protection, lime is toxic! We put the wheat paste on the trowel then lowered it into the lime water to avoid splashes. Adding caliche to the mixture. We should have sifted this and had to sift out the large chunks later. Messy hands during mixing. The power tool was much easier! M-m-m-mix it up! Buckets left to right: Light sand, dark sand, caliche, more caliche, and wheat paste/lime/caliche mixture. You can see the caliche sludge in the bottom of the bucket being poured because didn't sift it. We had to sift that our before separating into smaller portions for different testing batches.
Step 4: Add sand to texture. You want the plaster to be thick and stick to itself but not be so thick you can't spread it. Pausing to talk things out!
Step 5: Process your fiber. Wash, dry, and pull apart. We used hair from the local barber shop, but it was likely too short for adequate tensile strength. Allison washing the hair that we got from the local barbershop (peluqueria) Drying the hair. Pulling the hair apart so it doesn't clump together.
Step 6: Test your plaster!. Enrique is applying the plaster using the plana (triangular trowel) and the lana (flat metal tool that we were missing the first time). Test plaster swatches after completion and use of the goma 30 minutes later. Explanation of our test plasters Doing the scratch test - 100 strokes up and down! Compare with others. Results of a scratch test inside. Not the best results. Water test: if no easy access to hose, poke hole in water bottle top and squeeze as hard as possible. Be consistent timewise and pressure-wise for each test.

Maintenance[edit | edit source]

Maintenance for the botica is fairly straight-forward. Since this building is so significant in the community, giving them access to cheap medicine locally, the utmost care must be given to the building. The building should be monitored for leaks on a consistent and normal basis... especially since the inner wall is covered in natural plaster, which didn't pass both plaster tests, so if exposed to weather, it can be degraded. Taking care of locking up the door at night and not letting children come play inside of the building can extend the life of its features as well.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Testing results[edit | edit source]

Below, are the recipes used and results gathered from the different wall plasters applied and tested. Please not flour paste, lime, and caliche were added together into one large batch, then separated into thirds, for 3 batches. Each of the three batches was then divided by 2, and half was used for each test (for example, one black sand with secante and without hair, the other one black sand with secante and with hair). Half of the flour paste mixture for the third batch (to be used to test both sands) was lost, resulting in a smaller batch and thus a smaller quantity of sand used. Quantities of sand recorded are for one third of the batch, not for each individual test.

Ingredient	Type of Measurement	Plaster 1: Black Sand, no hair, with secante	Plaster 1.2: Black Sand, with hair, with secante	Plaster 2: Yellow/Sharp Sand, no hair, with secante	Plaster 2.2: Yellow/Sharp Sand, with hair, with secante	Plaster 3: Both sands, no hair, no secante	Plaster 3.2: Both sands, no hair, with secante
Yellow Sand	trowelfuls (eyeballed to thick goopy texture)	0	$-$	4	$-$	1	$-$
Black Sand	trowelfuls (eyeballed)	6	$-$	4	$-$	1	$-$
Human Hair	Handful	0	1	0	1	0	0.5
Secante (AS 600 Dryant)	Capful	0.5	0.5	1	1	0	0.5
Flour Paste mixture (containts wheat, water, caliche, lime) - follow steps pictured above and quantities listed below	portion of mixture	1/3	$-$	1/3	$-$	1/2 of 1/3 due to accidental loss	$-$
Scratch Test		Passed?	Passed?	Passed?	Passed?	Passed?	Passed?
Water Test		Passed?	Passed?	Passed?	Passed?	Passed?	Passed?

Final Desirable plaster quantities (for 3 batches)
Componente	Amount	Español	Source = Fuente
Flour = Harina de Trigo	Four 20 oz pitches of wheat	Quatre jarras de 20 onzas fluida	Colmado en Las Mavinas
Water = Agua	2 pitches cold water, mixed with the flour until pancake batter consistency (very important! add more flour if not pancakey), then added to 2 pitchers boiling water.	3 galones	Enrique y Marta
Lime = Cal	3/4 of 20 oz pitcher	3/4 de una jarra	Ferreteria
Caliche	One 5 gallon bucket (9.25 cm of bucket per batch x3 = 27.75 cm, one bucket=~25 cm)	Uno cubeta de 5 galones	Donated by Vasquez
Sand = Arena	Eyeballed to thick goopy consistency		Donated by Vasquez

Plaster Tests: Before and After
Before	After Scratch Test	After Water Test
Black sand, with hair, with secante.	Black sand, with hair, with secante. Did not perform well.	Black sand, with hair, with secante. Did not perform well.
Black sand, no hair, with secante.	Black sand, no hair, with secante. Showed very little damage after scratch test.	Black sand, no hair, with secante. Did not perform well.
Yellow sand, with hair, with secante.	Fine sand, with hair, with secante. Did not perform well.	Fine sand, with hair, with secante. Did not perform well.
Fine sand, no hair, with secante.	Fine sand, no hair, with secante. Showed very little damage after scratch test.	Fine sand, no hair, with secante. Did not perform well.
Both sands, with hair, with secante.	Both sands, with hair, with secante. Did not perform well.	Both sands, with hair, with secante. Did not perform well.
Both sands, no hair, with secante.	Both sands, no hair, with secante. Did not perform well.	Both sands, no hair, with secante. Did not perform well.

Discussion[edit | edit source]

Both types of sand performed well when the recipe included secante and excluded a fiber. However, none of the recipes passed the water test adequately for outdoor use. It was decided that the fine sand recipe would be used for the indoor plastering, and a cement recipe would be used for the outside work.

Next steps[edit | edit source]

The current state of the Botica Popular is that the construction is completed, paint may be added if desired, the 2015 Solar Team installed a solar panel that provides electricity to the building as well as installed lighting. One of the members of the community, Enrique, installed a door and windows to the building which means that all solar equipment is protected. A floor was also installed into the Botica Popular so the only thing lacking is medicine and someone to sell the medicine. We hope the Botica Popular will be running soon.

Current State[edit | edit source]

Today the Botica Popular in Las Malvinas is completed. The Naturals Building team reinforced exterior and interior of necessary areas with plaster. We perfected windows and door-ways with symmetry. The Solar team installed a fully working system. This system provides the building with electricity. There is a door securing entry and all windows are finished. The Botica is ready for operation and business!

Team[edit | edit source]

The Las Malvinas natural building team, Practivistas 2015:

The Powderpuff Girls. Plus Isabel and Lonny.

Natural Building Team Video[edit | edit source]

English

Español

Page data
Keywords	electric plan, floor, plaster, wall plaster, electric box, plastic box, playwood, wood
SDG	SDG10 Reduced inequalities, SDG11 Sustainable cities and communities
Authors	Kaileigh, Lexie Folkerts, Annette Penny, Carley Bramhill, allison nerby
License	CC-BY-SA-3.0
Organizations	Practical Action, Practivistas Domincana Program, Cal Poly Humboldt
Language	English (en)
Related	1 subpages, 41 pages link here
Impact	191 page views (more)
Created	June 10, 2015 by Kaileigh
Last modified	June 18, 2024 by Felipe Schenone
Cite as	Kaileigh, Lexie Folkerts, Annette Penny, Carley Bramhill, allison nerby (2015–2024). "Las Malvinas Botica Popular 2015". Appropedia. Retrieved January 16, 2025.
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