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==Abstract== | ==Abstract== | ||
Although the trend in manufacturing has been towards centralization to leverage economies of scale, the recent rapid technical development of open-source 3-D printers enables low-cost distributed bespoke production. This paper explores the potential advantages of a distributed manufacturing model of high-value products by investigating the application of 3-D printing to self-refraction eyeglasses. A series of parametric 3-D printable designs is developed, fabricated and tested to overcome limitations identified with mass-manufactured self-correcting eyeglasses designed for the developing world's poor. By utilizing 3-D printable self-adjustable glasses, communities not only gain access to far more diversity in product design, as the glasses can be customized for the individual, but 3-D printing also offers the potential for significant cost reductions. The results show that distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printing can empower developing world communities through the ability to print less expensive and customized self-adjusting eyeglasses. This offers the potential to displace both centrally manufactured conventional and self-adjusting glasses while completely eliminating the costs of the conventional optics correction experience, including those of highly-trained optometrists and ophthalmologists and their associated equipment. Although, this study only analyzed a single product, it is clear that other products would benefit from the same approach in isolated regions of the developing world. | Although the trend in manufacturing has been towards centralization to leverage economies of scale, the recent rapid technical development of [[open-source 3-D printers]] enables low-cost distributed bespoke production. This paper explores the potential advantages of a distributed manufacturing model of high-value products by investigating the application of 3-D printing to self-refraction eyeglasses. A series of parametric 3-D printable designs is developed, fabricated and tested to overcome limitations identified with mass-manufactured self-correcting eyeglasses designed for the developing world's poor. By utilizing 3-D printable self-adjustable glasses, communities not only gain access to far more diversity in product design, as the glasses can be customized for the individual, but 3-D printing also offers the potential for significant cost reductions. The results show that distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printing can empower developing world communities through the ability to print less expensive and customized self-adjusting eyeglasses. This offers the potential to displace both centrally manufactured conventional and self-adjusting glasses while completely eliminating the costs of the conventional optics correction experience, including those of highly-trained optometrists and ophthalmologists and their associated equipment. Although, this study only analyzed a single product, it is clear that other products would benefit from the same approach in isolated regions of the developing world. | ||
== | == Additional Information== | ||
* [[Self-adjustable glasses literature review]] | * [[Self-adjustable glasses literature review]] | ||
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/jpearce/collections/self-adjustable-glasses Collection of 3D printed glasses designs] - some may be useful ideas | * [http://www.thingiverse.com/jpearce/collections/self-adjustable-glasses Collection of 3D printed glasses designs] - some may be useful ideas | ||
* [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:227794 Customizable glasses design for this paper] | * [http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:227794 Customizable glasses design for this paper] | ||
* [[OpenSCAD]] files: | |||
**[[File:Glass-stem.scad]], | |||
**[[File:Self-adjust-glasses.scad]] | |||
==See also == | ==See also == | ||
* [[Open-source, self-replicating 3-D printer factory for small-business manufacturing]] | |||
* [[Open-source Lab]] | * [[Open-source Lab]] | ||
* [[Open source optics]] | * [[Open source optics]] | ||
* [[Open source 3-D printing of OSAT]] | * [[Open source 3-D printing of OSAT]] | ||
* [[Open-source hardware]] | * [[Open-source hardware]] | ||
* [[OphthalmicDocs Fundus]] - a 3D printed universal smartphone retinal imaging adapter. | |||
* [[Distributed manufacturing with 3-D printing: a case study of recreational vehicle solar photovoltaic mounting systems]] | |||
* [[Global value chains from a 3D printing perspective]] | |||
* [[Development of a Resilient 3-D Printer for Humanitarian Crisis Response]] | |||
* [[Open-source 3-D Printing in Managing Humanitarian Innovation]] | |||
==Media Coverage== | |||
* [http://3dprint.com/31272/3d-printed-glasses-case-study/ Researchers Use 3D Printed Glasses as Case Study in Favor of Introducing Sustainability via 3D Printing] - 3DPrint.com | |||
* [http://www.thingasm.com/how-the-21st-century-is-finally-coming-to-the-other-60/ How the 21st Century is Finally Coming to the Other 60%] - Thingasm | |||
[[Category:MOST completed projects and publications]] | [[Category:MOST completed projects and publications]] |
Revision as of 04:00, 28 March 2018
Template:Statusboxtop Template:Status-design Template:Status-prototype Template:Boxbottom
Source
- J. Gwamuri, B. T. Wittbrodt, N. C. Anzalone, J.M. Pearce. “Reversing the Trend of Large Scale and Centralization in Manufacturing: The Case of Distributed Manufacturing of Customizable 3-D-Printable Self-Adjustable Glasses”, Challenges in Sustainability 2(1), pp. 30-40 (2014). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12924/cis2014.02010030 open access
Abstract
Although the trend in manufacturing has been towards centralization to leverage economies of scale, the recent rapid technical development of open-source 3-D printers enables low-cost distributed bespoke production. This paper explores the potential advantages of a distributed manufacturing model of high-value products by investigating the application of 3-D printing to self-refraction eyeglasses. A series of parametric 3-D printable designs is developed, fabricated and tested to overcome limitations identified with mass-manufactured self-correcting eyeglasses designed for the developing world's poor. By utilizing 3-D printable self-adjustable glasses, communities not only gain access to far more diversity in product design, as the glasses can be customized for the individual, but 3-D printing also offers the potential for significant cost reductions. The results show that distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printing can empower developing world communities through the ability to print less expensive and customized self-adjusting eyeglasses. This offers the potential to displace both centrally manufactured conventional and self-adjusting glasses while completely eliminating the costs of the conventional optics correction experience, including those of highly-trained optometrists and ophthalmologists and their associated equipment. Although, this study only analyzed a single product, it is clear that other products would benefit from the same approach in isolated regions of the developing world.
Additional Information
- Self-adjustable glasses literature review
- Collection of 3D printed glasses designs - some may be useful ideas
- Customizable glasses design for this paper
- OpenSCAD files:
See also
- Open-source, self-replicating 3-D printer factory for small-business manufacturing
- Open-source Lab
- Open source optics
- Open source 3-D printing of OSAT
- Open-source hardware
- OphthalmicDocs Fundus - a 3D printed universal smartphone retinal imaging adapter.
- Distributed manufacturing with 3-D printing: a case study of recreational vehicle solar photovoltaic mounting systems
- Global value chains from a 3D printing perspective
- Development of a Resilient 3-D Printer for Humanitarian Crisis Response
- Open-source 3-D Printing in Managing Humanitarian Innovation