Printer specific energy protocol:MOST

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By Michigan Tech's Open Sustainability Technology Lab. Wanted: Students to make a distributed future with solar-powered open-source 3-D printing. Currently looking for PhD or MSC student interested in solar energy policy- apply now! Contact Dr. Joshua Pearce - Apply here MOST: Projects & Publications, Methods, Lit. reviews, People, Sponsors, News Updates: Twitter, Instagram, YouTube

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This page is part of an international project to use RepRap 3-D printing to make OSAT for sustainable development. Learn more. Research: Open source 3-D printing of OSAT • RecycleBot • LCA of home recycling • Green Distributed Recycling • Ethical Filament • LCA of distributed manufacturing • RepRap LCA Energy and CO2 • Solar-powered RepRaps • solar powered recyclebot • Feasibility hub • Mechanical testing • RepRap printing protocol: MOST‎• Lessons learned • MOST RepRap Build • MOST Prusa Build • MOST HS RepRap build • RepRap Print Server Make me: Want to build a MOST RepRap? - Start here! • Delta Build Overview:MOST • Athena Build Overview • MOST metal 3-D printer • Humanitarian Crisis Response 3-D Printer

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Introduction

MOST performs tests to measure the energy required to produce a 3D print in units of kWh/kg, termed specific energy. This data is useful when performing economic and environmental life-cycle analysis of printed parts. See for example:

• Environmental life cycle analysis of distributed 3-D printing and conventional manufacturing of polymer products
• Environmental impacts of distributed manufacturing from 3-D printing of polymer components and products
• Life-cycle economic analysis of distributed manufacturing with open-source 3-D printers

Following is the protocol used for collecting this data.

Equipment

• RepRap 3D printer and host computer
• kW-hr monitor such as the commercial Kill-A-Watt power monitor (The precision of the Kill-A-Watt is around 0.01 kWh)
• Timepiece if printer host does not display print duration

Method

1. Plug the power monitor into an outlet and plug the printer's power supply into it.
2. Chose an open source digital design that will weigh more than 50g when printed. (Small prints can consume less than 0.01kWh.)
3. Ensure heaters (hot end, heated bed, etc.) are at room temperature.
4. After slicing the model and just before printing it, record:
   1. print description
   2. nozzle diameter (mm)
   3. print T (C)
   4. heated bed T (C)
   5. print speed (mm/s)
   6. starting kWh
5. Print the model.
6. When the print is complete, record:
   1. ending kWh
   2. actual print time
   3. weight of the print (kg) see; Digital mass protocol:MOST

Reporting

1. Calculate the energy consumed by subtracting the starting kWh reading from the ending kWh reading.
2. Group the data by print speed and nozzle diameter.
3. Create a scatter plot with power consumption (kWh) on the ordinate and printed part weight (kg) on the abscissa. A data series should be created for each group of print speed and nozzle diameter. For example, if one series of prints was performed at 60 mm/s with a 0.5mm nozzle and another at 30mm/s with a 0.5mm nozzle, two data series would be required.
4. Add a trendlines to the plot and display the equations.
5. Record the slope of the trendline(s) as the specific energy and the intercepts as warming and idle energy.