TissueDB/Tissues/Blood Vessel
(Redirected from TissueDB/Tissues/Aortic Arch)
License: CC-BY-3.0 by BruceBlaus
Blood vessels are tubular structures—arteries, veins, and capillaries—that form the circulatory network, simulated for dissection, ligation, microsuturing, and anastomosis training. A vessel wall has three layers, the tunica intima, media and adventitia, and its thickness and compliance are what these builds have to reproduce. That structure folds into this page as the vessel wall, the vascular wall and the arterial wall. The venous wall is thinner and carries lower pressure, so injury to it is harder to control than arterial injury. Vascular tissue is the same tissue named for the network it forms, and superficial vessels are the ones lying within or just beneath the skin, which cannulation training reaches first. Named vessels modelled here include the aortic arch, which gives rise to the brachiocephalic, left common carotid and left subclavian arteries; the common iliac artery, a paired branch of the abdominal aorta supplying the pelvis and lower limb; and the pulmonary artery, which the ductus arteriosus joins to the descending aorta in the ligation model below.
Materials
| Material | Visual | Tactile | Simulator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gelatin-Glycerol Gel | Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation Simulator | Cast in a custom mould to form a compliant vascular model of the patent ductus arteriosus and the aorta; trainees practise dissection, clamping and double-ligature technique. | ||
| Plastic straw | Cubas Vascular Anastomosis Simulator | Drinking-straw lumen used as a small-vessel surrogate for anastomosis suturing practice; conveys vessel size and arrangement, not wall compliance. | ||
| IV Tubing | Hemorrhage Control Simulator (Malik), Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Trainer, Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Kei) | Flexible tubing used as a patent bleeding-vessel lumen for cannulation and hemorrhage-control practice.[1] | ||
| Latex tubing | Intra-abdominal Bleeding Simulator (Fernandes), Synthetic Tourniquet Training Model (Souza Lima), Tourniquet Simulator, Wound Packing Simulator, Pulsatile REBOA Simulator (Keller) | Flexible latex hose used as a compressible bleeding-vessel lumen for direct-pressure and tourniquet hemorrhage-control practice.[2][3] | ||
| Latex Penrose drain | Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Simulator (Kurashima) | Two latex Penrose drains stand in for the paired external iliac artery and external iliac vein, chosen for matching calibre and relative suppleness.[4] | ||
| Disposable latex surgical glove | VesselBox Vessel Ligation Trainer (Hu) | Glove finger used as a compliant vessel substitute for ligation practice — deformable enough to clamp and tie, elastic enough to hold tension. | ||
| Yarn | Acute Appendicitis Simulator, Appendectomy Simulator, Open Appendectomy Simulator (Matthews) | Red yarn (or a vessel loop) used as a small-artery stand-in for ligation practice — it represents the appendiceal artery. | ||
| Animal Blood Vessel | - | - | Grapefruit Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Bypass Simulator, STA-MCA Bypass Trainer (Akdag) | Fresh avian (chicken or turkey) brachial artery used as a small-calibre vessel for microvascular anastomosis practice; species and calibre chosen per target vessel. A fresh wing gives better vessel quality than a thawed one.[5] |
| Gauze cone, plastisol-coated | - | - | Emergency Department Thoracotomy Simulator (Misra) | Plastisol-coated gauze cone used as a firm large-vessel (aorta) stand-in for cross-clamping practice.[6] |
| Red and blue nylon cords, rubber/rope/thread, and 3D-printed flexible resin | – | – | Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair Simulator (Heo) | Coloured nylon cords with rubber/rope/thread and a 3D-printed flexible-resin (Agilus 30) aorta used as vessel stand-ins in the POLISHeR pediatric hernia model.[7] |
| Silicone rubber | - | - | Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Simulator (Casas-Murillo) | The cystic artery is cast in P53 silicone rubber together with the right hepatic artery. No anatomical variants were modelled for this cast.[8] |
| Silicone adhesive + red pigment | Laparoscopic Appendectomy Simulator (Roche) | SmoothOn SilPoxy. Represents the appendicular artery: main vessel and finer branches. Single-use; replaced with the appendix.[9] | ||
| Dual blue and red electric wires | Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Simulator (Hanssen) | Represents the epigastric vein and artery.[10] | ||
| PVA hydrogel | Cerebrovascular Bypass Simulator (Iatrotek) | Kezlex PVA hydrogel vessels. Anastomosis. No dissection training.[11] |
References
[edit source]- ↑ Kei J, Mebust DP, Duggan LV. The REAL CRIC Trainer: Instructions for Building an Inexpensive, Realistic Cricothyrotomy Simulator with Skin and Tissue, Bleeding, and Flash of Air. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019;56(4):426–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.023. PMID: 30685221.
- ↑ Fernandes CO, Rodrigues LR, Silva do Amaral MLBS, de Morais Rodrigues SJ, Marton-Filho MA. Low-cost simulator for intra-abdominal bleeding. Rev Col Bras Cir 2023;50:e20233512. DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20233512-en. PMID: 37971114. PMC: PMC10618030.
- ↑ Keller BA, Salcedo ES, Williams TK, Neff LP, Carden AJ, Li Y, Gotlib O, Tran NK, Galante JM. Design of a cost-effective, hemodynamically adjustable model for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) simulation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Sep;81(3):606–611. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001153. PMID: 27270855.
- ↑ Kurashima Y, Feldman L, Al-Sabah S, Kaneva P, Fried G, Vassiliou M (2011). "A novel low-cost simulator for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair." Surgical Innovation 18(2):171–175. DOI: 10.1177/1553350610395949. PMID: 21307013.
- ↑ Cikla U, Rowley P, Jennings Simoes EL, Ozaydin B, Goodman SL, Avci E, Baskaya MK, Patel NJ. "Grapefruit Training Model for Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Side-to-Side Bypass." World Neurosurgery. 2020;138:39–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.107. PMID: 32109640.
- ↑ Misra A, Chapman A, Watson WD, Bach JA, Bonta MJ, Elliott JO, Dominguez EP (2024). "Use of Low-Cost Task Trainer for Emergency Department Thoracotomy Training in General Surgery Residency Program." Journal of Surgical Education 81(1):134–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.09.009. PMID: 37926660.
- ↑ Heo K, Greaney E, Haehl J, Stunden C, Lindner A, Malik PRA, Rosenbaum DG, Muensterer O, Zakani S, Jacob J, Joharifard S. Iterative Design and Manufacturing of a 3D-Printed Pediatric Open and Laparoscopic Integrated Simulator for Hernia Repair (POLISHeR). Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2025;60:162232. DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162232. PMID 40011165. CC BY-NC 4.0.
- ↑ Casas-Murillo C, Zuñiga-Ruiz A, Lopez-Barron RE, Sanchez-Uresti A, Gogeascoechea-Hernandez A, Muñoz-Maldonado GE, Salinas-Chapa M, Elizondo-Riojas G, Negreros-Osuna AA. 3D-printed anatomical models of the cystic duct and its variants, a low-cost solution for an in-house built simulator for laparoscopic surgery training. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2021;43(4):537–544. DOI 10.1007/s00276-020-02631-3. PMID 33386458.
- ↑ Roche AF, et al. (2024). "Silicone as a smart solution for simulating soft tissue — an iterative approach to developing a high-fidelity sustainable training model for laparoscopic appendectomy." Frontiers in Surgery 11:1483629. DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2024.1483629. PMC: PMC11617534. CC BY 4.0.
- ↑ Hanssen A, Hanssen DA, Hanssen RA, Plotnikov S, Haddad J, Daes JE. Implementation and Validation of a Novel and Inexpensive Training Model for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair. J Abdom Wall Surg 2022;1:10305. DOI 10.3389/jaws.2022.10305. CC BY 4.0.
- ↑ D'Andrea M, Musio A, Colasanti R, Mongardi L, Fuschillo D, Lofrese G, Tosatto L (2023). "A novel, reusable, realistic neurosurgical training simulator for cerebrovascular bypass surgery: Iatrotek bypass simulator validation study and literature review." Frontiers in Surgery 10:1048083. DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.1048083. PMC: PMC9947354. PMID: 36843992. CC BY 4.0.