TissueDB/Tissues/Blood Vessel
(Redirected from TissueDB/Tissues/Vascular)
License: CC-BY-3.0 by BruceBlaus
Blood vessels are tubular structures—arteries, veins, and capillaries—that form the circulatory network, simulated for dissection, ligation, microsuturing, and anastomosis training.
Materials
| Material | Visual | Tactile | Simulator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gelatin-Glycerol Gel | Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation Simulator | Cast in a custom mould to form a compliant vascular model of the patent ductus arteriosus and the aorta; trainees practise dissection, clamping and double-ligature technique. | ||
| Plastic straw | Cubas Vascular Anastomosis Simulator | Drinking-straw lumen used as a small-vessel surrogate for anastomosis suturing practice; conveys vessel size and arrangement, not wall compliance. | ||
| IV Tubing | Hemorrhage Control Simulator (Malik), Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Trainer, Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Kei) | Flexible tubing used as a patent bleeding-vessel lumen for cannulation and hemorrhage-control practice. In Kei's REAL CRIC Trainer the tubing is spiked into a 1 L bag of red-dyed normal saline and slid into a superficial tunnelled incision about 0.5 cm beneath the pork-belly skin, directly under the cricothyrotomy line, so that it bleeds when the learner's scalpel cuts; the instructor controls the flow by squeezing the bag.[1] | ||
| Latex | Intra-abdominal Bleeding Simulator (Fernandes), Synthetic Tourniquet Training Model (Souza Lima), Tourniquet Simulator, Wound Packing Simulator | Flexible latex hose used as a compressible bleeding-vessel lumen for direct-pressure and tourniquet hemorrhage-control practice. In the Fernandes intra-abdominal bleeding model the vessels are latex tubes of 9 mm external / 6 mm internal diameter: the aorta is the primary arterial bleeding target, driven by squeezing the arterial reservoir bag to give pulsatile flow, while the vena cava bleeds under gravity; the coeliac trunk, mesenteric, renal and iliac vessels are present for structural realism only.[2] | ||
| Latex tubing | Pulsatile REBOA Simulator (Keller) | The whole arterial circuit of the pulsatile REBOA trainer is latex tubing joined by polymer connectors at the bifurcations and size transitions: one 2.5 cm inner-diameter segment for the abdominal aorta, and four 1.3 cm inner-diameter segments for the right and left common iliac and right and left common femoral arteries. The right common femoral artery is the arterial access route; the left is used for distal pressure monitoring. Source verbatim: "The abdominal aorta was made out of a 2.5-cm inner diameter (ID) latex tubing, and the iliac and femoral arteries were made out of 1.3-cm ID latex tubing."[3] | ||
| Latex Penrose drain | Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair Simulator (Kurashima) | Two latex Penrose drains stand in for the paired external iliac artery and external iliac vein, chosen for matching calibre and relative suppleness, arranged in correct anatomical configuration on the reusable inguinal anatomy and colour-tinted so they read as vessels.[4] | ||
| Disposable latex surgical glove | VesselBox Vessel Ligation Trainer (Hu) | Glove finger used as a compliant vessel substitute for ligation practice — deformable enough to clamp and tie, elastic enough to hold tension. | ||
| Yarn | Acute Appendicitis Simulator, Appendectomy Simulator, Open Appendectomy Simulator (Matthews) | Red yarn (or a vessel loop) used as a small-artery stand-in for ligation practice — it represents the appendiceal artery. Threaded through the stocking mesoappendix in the Appendectomy Simulator; laid between cotton layers in the mesoappendix of the ALL-SAFE Acute Appendicitis Simulator; run inside the scrub-cap mesoappendix as the ligation target in the Matthews open appendectomy model. | ||
| Animal Blood Vessel | - | - | Grapefruit Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Bypass Simulator, STA-MCA Bypass Trainer (Akdag) | Fresh avian (chicken or turkey) brachial artery used as a small-calibre vessel for microvascular anastomosis practice; species and calibre chosen per target vessel. In the grapefruit distal-anterior-cerebral-artery model a single chicken wing supplies both donor and recipient vessels: the brachial artery is harvested as a 5–6 cm segment matched in calibre to the pericallosal branches of the distal ACA, the adventitia is stripped about 1 mm from each end, each end is fitted over a 2.5 cm angiocatheter tip and tied on with 3-0 nylon, and the two vessels are joined side-to-side with 10-0 nylon under the microscope. A fresh wing gives better vessel quality than a thawed one.[5] |
| Gauze cone, plastisol-coated | - | - | Emergency Department Thoracotomy Simulator (Misra) | Plastisol-coated gauze cone used as a firm large-vessel (aorta) stand-in for cross-clamping practice — liquid plastisol (Bait Plastics LLC) over a cone-shaped gauze core, the same construction recipe as the heart and oesophagus models in the same simulator.[6] |
| Red and blue nylon cords, rubber/rope/thread, and 3D-printed Agilus 30 | – | – | Pediatric Inguinal Hernia Repair Simulator (Heo) | Coloured nylon cords with rubber/rope/thread and a 3D-printed flexible-resin aorta used as vessel stand-ins in the POLISHeR pediatric hernia model.[7] |
| P53 silicone rubber | - | - | Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Simulator (Casas-Murillo) | The cystic artery is cast in P53 silicone rubber together with the right hepatic artery, in a separate two-part 3D-printed ABS negative mould. It is stapled to the gallbladder, and the right hepatic artery connects to its anatomic insertion in the liver scaffold at the hepatic hilum. No anatomical variants were modelled for this cast.[8] |
References
[edit source]- ↑ Kei J, Mebust DP, Duggan LV. The REAL CRIC Trainer: Instructions for Building an Inexpensive, Realistic Cricothyrotomy Simulator with Skin and Tissue, Bleeding, and Flash of Air. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019;56(4):426–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.023. PMID: 30685221.
- ↑ Fernandes CO, Rodrigues LR, Silva do Amaral MLBS, de Morais Rodrigues SJ, Marton-Filho MA. Low-cost simulator for intra-abdominal bleeding. Rev Col Bras Cir 2023;50:e20233512. DOI: 10.1590/0100-6991e-20233512-en. PMID: 37971114. PMC: PMC10618030.
- ↑ Keller BA, Salcedo ES, Williams TK, Neff LP, Carden AJ, Li Y, Gotlib O, Tran NK, Galante JM. Design of a cost-effective, hemodynamically adjustable model for resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) simulation. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2016 Sep;81(3):606–611. DOI: 10.1097/TA.0000000000001153. PMID: 27270855.
- ↑ Kurashima Y, Feldman L, Al-Sabah S, Kaneva P, Fried G, Vassiliou M (2011). "A novel low-cost simulator for laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair." Surgical Innovation 18(2):171–175. DOI: 10.1177/1553350610395949. PMID: 21307013.
- ↑ Cikla U, Rowley P, Jennings Simoes EL, Ozaydin B, Goodman SL, Avci E, Baskaya MK, Patel NJ. "Grapefruit Training Model for Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Side-to-Side Bypass." World Neurosurgery. 2020;138:39–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.107. PMID: 32109640.
- ↑ Misra A, Chapman A, Watson WD, Bach JA, Bonta MJ, Elliott JO, Dominguez EP (2024). "Use of Low-Cost Task Trainer for Emergency Department Thoracotomy Training in General Surgery Residency Program." Journal of Surgical Education 81(1):134–144. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2023.09.009. PMID: 37926660.
- ↑ Heo K, Greaney E, Haehl J, Stunden C, Lindner A, Malik PRA, Rosenbaum DG, Muensterer O, Zakani S, Jacob J, Joharifard S. Iterative Design and Manufacturing of a 3D-Printed Pediatric Open and Laparoscopic Integrated Simulator for Hernia Repair (POLISHeR). Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2025;60:162232. DOI 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2025.162232. PMID 40011165. CC BY-NC 4.0.
- ↑ Casas-Murillo C, Zuñiga-Ruiz A, Lopez-Barron RE, Sanchez-Uresti A, Gogeascoechea-Hernandez A, Muñoz-Maldonado GE, Salinas-Chapa M, Elizondo-Riojas G, Negreros-Osuna AA. 3D-printed anatomical models of the cystic duct and its variants, a low-cost solution for an in-house built simulator for laparoscopic surgery training. Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy 2021;43(4):537–544. DOI 10.1007/s00276-020-02631-3. PMID 33386458.
At a Glance
Overview
[edit source]Synonyms
[edit source]Common names: Blood vessel, blood vessels, vessel, vessels
Anatomical terms: Artery, vein, arteriole, venule, capillary, vascular tissue, vascular wall, arterial wall, venous wall, vessel wall, vessel lumen, superficial vessels
Clinical terms: Vascular, vasculature
Regional terms: Vaisseau sanguin (French), Vaso sanguigno (Italian), Vaso sanguíneo (Spanish), Blutgefäß (German), Bloedvat (Dutch)