Impact of Light Spectra On Plant Growth Literature Review
Notes to Reader[edit | edit source]
PAGE UNDER CONSTRUCTION, INCOMPLETE
*sources are in alphabetical order as organized by zotero, most relevant articles have a note (star?) on them.
Background[edit | edit source]
Search Strategy & Terms[edit | edit source]
Key words terms (KWT)
- light spectra AND plant growth AND impact
- light exposure AND strawberries AND yield AND led
- wavelength AND strawberries AND yield AND led
Strategies
- Searched Google Scholar using KWT1, KWT2 and KWT3
What is [Topic]?[edit | edit source]
The "What" of the topic.
Theoretical Framework[edit | edit source]
The "How" of the topic.
Significance and Importance[edit | edit source]
The "Why" of the topic.
Current State of the Art[edit | edit source]
The "When" of the topic. Review current state with an emphasis on the development of the field over time.
Relevant Stakeholders[edit | edit source]
The "Who" of the topic.
Applicability and Context[edit | edit source]
The "Where" of the Topic
Literature[edit | edit source]
TO DO[edit | edit source]
- what plants prefer what wavelengths? do they all have same optimal low/high wavelength spike regions?
- impact of lighting hours - we don't do this but lots of other studies consider it so note that 24h lighting will have an effect on growth speed and final results which may differ form current literature.
- typ. distance for actual intensity received by each type of plant - consider changes as it gets larger?
Impact of Light Spectra on Growth &Yield of Various Plants[edit | edit source]
[1] M. Navvab, “DAYLIGHTING ASPECTS FOR PLANT GROWTH IN INTERIOR ENVIRONMENTS,” vol. 17, no. 1.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259043901_Daylighting_Aspects_for_Plant_Growth_in_Interior_Environments[edit | edit source]
Abstract[edit | edit source]
This study reports on the daylighting design for plants within interior spaces. Plants are as much a part of the architectural design of today's interior design as are lighting and furniture. Most daylight buildings are designed with permanent spaces for plants. The types of plants and the conditions of their placement in each space should be evaluated at an early stage of the design process. This paper describes the effects of lighting and daylighting design, particularly dynamics of daylight for its intensity and spectral characteristics impact on plants. The basic factors in plant lighting are discussed. The architectural design application of how glazing systems contribute to plant growth and could be integrated with the lighting system design is introduced.
- discusses optimal conditions for various plants (humidity, soil, and of course lighting)
- more focused on combination of sun and additional indoor lighting, but provides guidelines for optimal illumination.
[2] K. Hidaka et al., “Effect of Supplemental Lighting from Different Light Sources on Growth and Yield of Strawberry,” Environmental Control in Biology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 41–47, 2013, doi: 10.2525/ecb.51.41.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ecb/51/1/51_41/_article[edit | edit source]
Abstract[edit | edit source]
Although supplemental lighting has been successfully used to boost greenhouse vegetable production, it has not found wide application in forced strawberry cultivation. In this study, we examined the effect of supplemental lighting from two different light sources on strawberry growth and yield. Strawberry plants were exposed to LED or fluorescent lamp illumination for 12 h (6:00–18:00) daily from January to April. Under LED illumination, PPFD values greater than 400 μmol m −2 s −1 were recorded at leaf heights of 10–30 cm, and leaf photosynthetic rates in plants exposed to LED supplemental lighting were much higher than in controls and plants exposed to fluorescent light. This accelerated photosynthesis promoted plant growth, as manifested by increases in leaf dry matter production, leaf area, and specific leaf weight, leading in turn to significant increases in average fruit weight, number of fruits, and marketable yield. The higher yields observed in LED-exposed plants compared with those under fluorescent lamp illumination were due to comparatively higher LED light intensities. Fruit soluble solids content, an index of sweetness, also increased under LED lighting. These results suggest that supplemental lighting using higher irradiance LED is an effective method for high yield production during forced strawberry cultivation.
- Photosynthetic rates increase rapidly as light intensity increased
- height per fruit higher with LED lighting than fluorescent lighting
[3] C. Miao et al., “Effects of Light Intensity on Growth and Quality of Lettuce and Spinach Cultivars in a Plant Factory,” Plants, vol. 12, no. 18, p. 3337, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.3390/plants12183337.
https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/18/3337[edit | edit source]
Abstract[edit | edit source]
The decreased quality of leafy vegetables and tipburn caused by inappropriate light intensity are serious problems faced in plant factories, greatly reducing the economic benefits. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively understand the impact of light intensity on the growth and quality of different crops and to develop precise lighting schemes for specific cultivars. Two lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars—Crunchy and Deangelia—and one spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivar—Shawen—were grown in a plant factory using a light-emitting diode (LED) under intensities of 300, 240, 180, and 120 μmol m−2 s−1, respectively. Cultivation in a solar greenhouse using only natural light (NL) served as the control. The plant height, number of leaves, and leaf width exhibited the highest values under a light intensity of 300 μmol m−2 s−1 for Crunchy. The plant width and leaf length of Deangelia exhibited the smallest values under a light intensity of 300 μmol m−2 s−1. The fresh weight of shoot and root, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and ascorbic acid contents in the three cultivars increased with the increasing light intensity. However, tipburn was observed in Crunchy under 300 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensity, and in Deangelia under both 300 and 240 μmol m−2 s−1 light intensities. Shawen spinach exhibited leaf curling under all four light intensities. The light intensities of 240 and 180 μmol m−2 s−1 were observed to be the most optimum for Crunchy and Deangelia (semi-heading lettuce variety), respectively, which would exhibit relative balance growth and morphogenesis. The lack of healthy leaves in Shawen spinach under all light intensities indicated the need to comprehensively optimize cultivation for Shawen in plant factories to achieve successful cultivation. The results indicated that light intensity is an important factor and should be optimized for specific crop species and cultivars to achieve healthy growth in plant factories.
- there is such thing as too much light, and that threshold depends on the type of plant
- use photosynthetic performance index as the indicator of health
- increased intensity of light is very good for lettuce (and possibly other leafy plants as well)
[4] H. Yoshida, D. Mizuta, N. Fukuda, S. Hikosaka, and E. Goto, “Effects of varying light quality from single-peak blue and red light-emitting diodes during nursery period on flowering, photosynthesis, growth, and fruit yield of everbearing strawberry,” Plant Biotechnology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 267–276, 2016, doi: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.0216a.
https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/plantbiotechnology/33/4/33_16.0216a/_article[edit | edit source]
Abstract[edit | edit source]
We studied the effects of varying light quality on the flowering, photosynthetic rate and fruit yield of everbearing strawberry plants (Fragaria×ananassa Duch. ‘HS138’), which are long-day plants, to increase the efficiency of fruit production in plant factories. The plants were grown under continuous lighting using three types of blue and red LEDs (blue light peak wavelength: 405, 450, and 470 nm; red light peak wavelength: 630, 660, and 685 nm) during the nursery period. All blue light from the various peak LED types promoted more flowering compared with red light (630 and 660 nm except for 685 nm). The longer wavelength among the red light range positively correlated with earlier flowering, whereas the number of days to anthesis did not significantly differ among blue LED treatment wavelengths, irrespective of peak wavelength. The result of a similar experiment using the perpetual flowering Fragaria vesca accession Hawaii-4 representing a model strawberry species showed almost the same pattern of flowering response to light quality. These results suggest that long-day strawberry plants show similar flowering response to light quality. The photosynthetic rate under red light (660 nm) was higher than that under blue light (450 nm). However, the plants grown under red light showed lower photosynthetic capacity than those grown under blue light. Although the light color used to grow the seedlings showed no difference in the daily fruit production, blue light irradiation during the nursery period hastened harvesting because of the advance in flowering.
- investigated effect of varying light quality on flowering, photosynthetic rate, and yield
- blue light promotes flowering
- small (20-40nm) differences in wavelength impact photosynthetic rate and growth (Goto 2013 - investigate this article!)
- increased number of buds in red light, likely due to more leaves
- photosynthetic ability decreased under just red light.
[5] H. D. S. S. Guiamba et al., “Enhancement of photosynthesis efficiency and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) plants via LED systems,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 13, p. 918038, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918038.
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/plant-science/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.918038/full[edit | edit source]
Abstract[edit | edit source]
Due to advances in the industrial development of light-emitting diodes (LEDs), much research has been conducted in recent years to get a better understanding of how plants respond to these light sources. This study investigated the effects of different LED-based light regimes on strawberry plant development and performance. The photosynthetic pigment content, biochemical constituents, and growth characteristics of strawberry plants were investigated using a combination of different light intensities (150, 200, and 250 μmol m−2 s−1), qualities (red, green, and blue LEDs), and photoperiods (14/10 h, 16/8 h, and 12/12 h light/dark cycles) compared to the same treatment with white fluorescent light. Plant height, root length, shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll/carotenoid content, and most plant yield parameters were highest when illuminated with LM7 [intensity (250 μmol m−2 s−1) + quality (70% red/30% blue LED light combination) + photoperiod (16/8 h light/dark cycles)]. The best results for the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry Y(II), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), and electron transport ratio (ETR) were obtained with LM8 illumination [intensity (250 μmol m−2 s−1) + quality (50% red/20% green/30% blue LED light combination) + photoperiod (12 h/12 h light/dark cycles)]. We conclude that strawberry plants require prolonged and high light intensities with a high red-light component for maximum performance and biomass production.
- invested LED based light intensities across the spectrue (qualities), AND photoperiods (light/dark cycles)
- orthogonal method to combine/analyze impacts of each parameter.
Bibliography[edit | edit source]
Insert auto-generated Zotero list
[1] M. Navvab, “DAYLIGHTING ASPECTS FOR PLANT GROWTH IN INTERIOR ENVIRONMENTS,” vol. 17, no. 1.
[2] K. Hidaka et al., “Effect of Supplemental Lighting from Different Light Sources on Growth and Yield of Strawberry,” Environmental Control in Biology, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 41–47, 2013, doi: 10.2525/ecb.51.41.
[3] C. Miao et al., “Effects of Light Intensity on Growth and Quality of Lettuce and Spinach Cultivars in a Plant Factory,” Plants, vol. 12, no. 18, p. 3337, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.3390/plants12183337.
[4] H. Yoshida, D. Mizuta, N. Fukuda, S. Hikosaka, and E. Goto, “Effects of varying light quality from single-peak blue and red light-emitting diodes during nursery period on flowering, photosynthesis, growth, and fruit yield of everbearing strawberry,” Plant Biotechnology, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 267–276, 2016, doi: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.16.0216a.
[5] H. D. S. S. Guiamba et al., “Enhancement of photosynthesis efficiency and yield of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) plants via LED systems,” Front. Plant Sci., vol. 13, p. 918038, Sep. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.918038.
[6] N. Yeh and J.-P. Chung, “High-brightness LEDs—Energy efficient lighting sources and their potential in indoor plant cultivation,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 2175–2180, Oct. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2009.01.027.
[7] N. Danziger and N. Bernstein, “Light matters: Effect of light spectra on cannabinoid profile and plant development of medical cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.),” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 164, p. 113351, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113351.
[8] L. F. Pérez-Romero, P. J. Stirling, and R. D. Hancock, “Light-Emitting Diodes improve yield, quality and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes of strawberry,” Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 332, p. 113192, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2024.113192.
[9] E. Goto, H. Matsumoto, Y. Ishigami, S. Hikosaka, K. Fujiwara, and A. Yano, “MEASUREMENTS OF THE PHOTOSYNTHETIC RATES IN VEGETABLES UNDER VARIOUS QUALITIES OF LIGHT FROM LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES,” Acta Hortic., no. 1037, pp. 261–268, May 2014, doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2014.1037.30.
[10] C. Piovene et al., “Optimal red:blue ratio in led lighting for nutraceutical indoor horticulture,” Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 193, pp. 202–208, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2015.07.015.
*[11] J.-H. Jou et al., “Plant Growth Absorption Spectrum Mimicking Light Sources,” Materials, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 5265–5275, Aug. 2015, doi: 10.3390/ma8085240.
[12] Y. Park and E. Runkle, “Spectral Effects of Light-emitting Diodes on Plant Growth, Visual Color Quality, and Photosynthetic Photon Efficacy: White versus Blue plus Red Radiation.” figshare, p. 606511 Bytes, 2018. doi: 10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.6946136.
[13] M. Olle and A. Viršile, “The effects of light-emitting diode lighting on greenhouse plant growth and quality,” AFSci, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 223–234, Jun. 2013, doi: 10.23986/afsci.7897.
[14] C. Burattini, B. Mattoni, and F. Bisegna, “The Impact of Spectral Composition of White LEDs on Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Growth and Development,” Energies, vol. 10, no. 9, p. 1383, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.3390/en10091383.