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{{copyvio|from http://www.meribah-ram-pump.com/downloads/Flyer-Waterfilter.pdf - have the copyright holders explicitly allowed its use under CC-BY-SA?}}  
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==The Bio Sand Waterfilter==
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The bio sand filter has six different distinct zones:
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===Meribah Bio Sand Waterfilter===
# Inlet Reservoir: Space above the sand and gravel media which allows for a full pail of water.
# Standing Water: Oxygen diffuses through the standing water to the bio layer.
# Bio layer: Layer of slime, sediment, and microorganisms which develops at the top 1-2 cm (0.4-0.8”) of the sand surface.
# Biological Zone: Develops at the top 5-10 cm (2-4”) of the sand surface. The sand absorbs pathogens, iron, and other small particles.
# Sand Zone: Contains virtually no living microorganisms due to lack of nutrients and oxygen.
# Gravel Zone: Holds the sand in place which protects the outlet pipe from clogging and allows for the smooth flow of water.


==The Results==


Overall, studies have shown that the Bio Sand Filter removes:
== External links ==
* [http://www.raintree-foundation.org/AT/Appropirate_Technologies/Bio_Sand_Filter.html Biosand Filter]
* [http://www.wcponline.com/pdf/October2012Kearns.pdf] Sustainable Decentralized Water Treatment for Rural
and Developing Communities Using Locally Generated Biochar Adsorbents (879kb pdf)


* > 97% of E. coli - an indicator of fecal contamination (Duke, 2006; Stauber, 2006)
* > 99% of protozoa and helminths (Palmateer, 1999)
* 80-90% of viruses (Stauber, 2005)
* 50-90% of organic and inorganic toxicants (Palmateer, 1999)
* 90-95% of iron (Ngai, 2007)
* Most suspended sediments


Based on slow sand filter research, the bio sand filter may also remove some heavy metals (Muhammad, 1997; Collins, 1998).


There is also a design modification known as the KanchanTM Arsenic Filter that is effective in removing both pathogens and 85-90% of arsenic from source water (Ngai, 2007).
==Links==
* [http://www.raintree-foundation.org/AT/Appropirate_Technologies/Bio_Sand_Filter.html Biosand Filter]
** Clean Drinking Water
** Easy to Use
** Self contained Maintenance
** For Everybody
** No Following Costs
** Reliable


[[Category:Water_treatment]]  
[[Category:Water filtration]]  
[[Category:Filters]]
[[Category:Filters]]

Revision as of 11:38, 9 November 2012

Template:Topic page needed


External links

and Developing Communities Using Locally Generated Biochar Adsorbents (879kb pdf)

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