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TissueDB/Tissues/Connective Tissue

From Appropedia
(Redirected from TissueDB/Tissues/Submucosa)
▼This page is a tissue entry for the SELF Tissue Database.It documents the structures, recommended materials, and related simulators associated with this tissue to support low-cost, reproducible surgical simulator development.


Connective tissue forms the fibrous matrix that binds and supports skin, adipose tissue, fascia, and muscle. It provides tensile strength and defines natural dissection planes.

Materials

Material Visual Tactile Simulator Notes
Gelatin Z-Plasty SimulatorGelatin:glycerine:water ratio 5:2:10; adhesive paste between tissue layers.[1]
Glycerine Z-Plasty Simulator Co-ingredient (gelatin:glycerine:water 5:2:10); plasticizer for connective tissue paste; provides flexibility to inter-layer adhesive.[1]
Elmer's Slime (yellow) Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Simulator (Casas-Murillo) Applied in layers over the silicone biliary casts to represent the hepatoduodenal ligament, the fibrous tissue connecting the gallbladder neck to the liver, and the tissue between the cystic artery and the cystic duct. Operating constraint: workspace temperature must be 25 °C or cooler — at warmer temperatures the slime melts over the silicone casts.[2]
Foam, soft--Suturing Simulator (Kumaresan)[3]
Polyester Batting--Appendectomy Simulator[4]
Pork belly Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Calvo) Subcutaneous layer of the pork-belly slab over the 3D-printed trachea; infiltrated with simulated blood and tunnelled for the bleeding circuit (Calvo et al. 2021).[5]
Soft foam (upholstery foam; extra-firm foam mattress) - - Synthetic Tourniquet Training Model (Souza Lima), Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Man-O-War) Bulk soft-tissue layer (polymer not named in either source).[6][7]
Plastic Film--Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator, Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization TrainerWrapped soft-tissue layer[8][9]
Gelatin--Pediatric Forearm Fracture SimulatorGelatine block (~800 mL) simulating the soft-tissue layer over the 3D-printed pediatric forearm bone models for point-of-care ultrasound; transparent for unblinded training, tinted opaque with food colouring for blinded training (Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator).[10]
Goat or lamb hind leg--Hemorrhage Control Simulator (Malik)[11]
Styrofoam--Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Aho)[12]
Cotton Batting--Z-Plasty SimulatorDissectable soft-tissue layer (felt-variant build)[1]
Pork belly Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Kei) The pork-belly slab's underlying muscle and fascia — the source's words are "porcine skin with underlying muscle and fascia". An 18-gauge needle and syringe inject a 30 mL subcutaneous fake-blood weal into this layer along the planned incision track, drawn from a 1 L normal-saline bag mixed with red food colouring; the weal bleeds when the skin is incised.[13]
Polyester Batting (yellow-dyed) Open Appendectomy Simulator (Matthews) Yellow-dyed batting forms two separate fat planes in the eight-layer abdominal-wall stack: the superficial fat plane directly beneath the vinyl skin, and the deep fat plane beneath the plastic-film Scarpa's fascia and above the cotton-fabric external oblique aponeurosis. Keeping them as two sheets is what gives the trainee the plane-by-plane dissection.[14]


  • Fascia — specialized connective tissue layer
  • Adipose Tissue — supported by connective tissue matrix
  • Skin — anchored by connective tissue
  • Muscle — surrounded by connective tissue planes



References

[edit source]
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 AmoSmile Physical Simulator. AmoSmile team, Appropedia.
  2. ↑ Casas-Murillo C et al. 2021, Surg Radiol Anat 43(4):537–544. DOI 10.1007/s00276-020-02631-3. PMID 33386458.
  3. ↑ Kumaresan R, Pendayala S, Srinivasan B, Kondreddy K. A simplified suturing model for preclinical training. Indian J Dent Res 2014;25(4):541–543. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.142577. PMID: 25307925.
  4. ↑ ASAP (AMPATH Surgical App) team. Instructions to Build your Model, ASAP Syllabus. Global Surgical Training Challenge. ASAP build instructions and ASAP Syllabus course. Not indexed in PubMed; primary source linked directly.
  5. ↑ Calvo A, Ibañez Esteve C, Varela V, Gomez-Lopez L, Perdomo JM, Berge R, Gomar Sancho C. Design, application and evaluation of a cricothyrotomy model for a multidisciplinary simulation. An observational single centre study. Educación Médica 2021;22:305–310. DOI: 10.1016/j.edumed.2020.12.003.
  6. ↑ Souza Lima D, Almeida YADS, Cid DMC, Cardoso LC, Braga CS, Regis FGL. Low-cost synthetic tourniquet training model. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2019;46(6):e20192324. DOI 10.1590/0100-6991e-20192324. PMID 31967244.
  7. ↑ Nasri A, Jerbi M, Karray R, Snoussi H, Samet A, Talbi A, Ksentini H, Rejeb I, Chakroun-Walha O, Rekik N (2023). "Man-O-War simulator: a Low-cost manikin for training on chest tube management." African Journal of Emergency Medicine 13(2):39–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2023.01.004. PMID: 36864887.
  8. ↑ Humeral Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator, Appropedia — the build source for the Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator.
  9. ↑ Stephanie McKee. "Caboodle Noodle 2.0." NLN SIRC HomeGrown Solutions. National League for Nursing / INACSL. NLN website.
  10. ↑ Pediatric Distal Forearm Fractures/Pediatric Forearm Simulators, Appropedia — part of the Pediatric Distal Forearm Fractures SELF module.
  11. ↑ Malik OAA, Chhapra R. An Inexpensive model to teach hemorrhage control in resource limited settings. Pak J Med Sci 2021;37(3):916-918. doi:10.12669/pjms.37.3.3517. PMID 34104189. PMC8155406. Open Access CC BY 3.0.
  12. ↑ Aho JM, Thiels CA, AlJamal YN, Ruparel RK, Rowse PG, Heller SF, Farley DR. "Every Surgical Resident Should Know How to Perform a Cricothyrotomy: An Inexpensive Cricothyrotomy Task Trainer for Teaching and Assessing Surgical Trainees." Journal of Surgical Education. 2015;72(4):658–661. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.012. PMID: 25703738.
  13. ↑ Kei J, Mebust DP, Duggan LV. The REAL CRIC Trainer: Instructions for Building an Inexpensive, Realistic Cricothyrotomy Simulator with Skin and Tissue, Bleeding, and Flash of Air. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019;56(4):426–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.023. PMID: 30685221.
  14. ↑ Matthews J, Bhatia MB, Thomas C, Okoth P, Martinez CR, Levy JS, Stefanidis D, Hunter-Squires JL, Saruni SI (2022). "AMPATH surgical app: Low-cost simulator for the open appendectomy." Surgery 172(6):1656–1664. DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.07.023. PMID: 36123174.
At a Glance

Overview

[edit source]

Synonyms

[edit source]
  • Medical terms: Textus connectivus
  • Common names: Fibrous tissue, Supporting tissue, Binding tissue
  • Forms: Dense connective tissue, Loose connective tissue, Areolar tissue, Reticular tissue, Elastic tissue
  • Regional names: Tejido conectivo (ES), Tissu conjonctif (FR), Tecido conjuntivo (PT), Bindegewebe (DE)



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Authors Arturopelayo, Ian-laurel
License CC-BY-SA-4.0
Language English (en)
Related 0 subpages, 31 pages link here
Redirects TissueDB/Structures/Subcutaneous Fat, TissueDB/Tissues/Subcutaneous Tissue, TissueDB/Tissues/Soft Tissue, TissueDB/Tissues/Subcutaneous Fat, TissueDB/Tissues/Connective Tissue Layer, TissueDB/Tissues/Subcutaneous Tissue Layer, TissueDB/Tissues/Connective Tissue (Mediastinal), TissueDB/Tissues/Areolar Tissue, TissueDB/Tissues/Submucosa
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Created December 29, 2025 by Ian-laurel
Last edit July 27, 2026 by Arturo Pelayo
Cite as Arturopelayo, Ian-laurel (2025–2026). "TissueDB/Tissues/Connective Tissue". Appropedia. Retrieved July 31, 2026.
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