Open Source Government Funded Research

Toward a Free and Open Source-Driven Public Sector: An Italian Journey[edit | edit source]

Favario, L. (2023). "Toward a Free and Open Source-Driven Public Sector: An Italian Journey." IEEE Software, 40(4), 55–61. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2023.3266706

• Highlights the significance of establishing clear and practical guidelines in the context of government-funded research.
• Creation of a decentralized catalog for open-source solutions, which simplifies the process of finding and reusing government-developed software.
  • Approach can be extended to research outputs, where a decentralized catalog of government-funded research can make it easier for researchers and the public to discover and utilize this knowledge.
• The establishment of communities like Developers Italia and Designers Italia to support open-source initiatives demonstrates the importance of community engagement.
  • Underscores the value of fostering communities around government-funded research to encourage collaboration, peer-to-peer interactions, and contributions from citizens and researchers.
• Need to address quality and security concerns in open-source software. Must ensure the quality, integrity, and security of the data and findings.

Development of a diagnostic framework and its application to open access journal publishing in Korea[edit | edit source]

Kim, N., Yoon, J., Lee, J. Y., Joung, K. H., Hwang, H., Bai, S. Y., & Chung, E. (2023). "Development of a diagnostic framework and its application to open access journal publishing in Korea." Learned Publishing, 36(3), 379–393. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/leap.1542

• The study examined whether OA policies related to copyright, finance disclosure, and archiving were established and openly disclosed. While copyright and archiving policies were relatively well-understood, participants showed less awareness of financial disclosure policies.
  • The article suggests the need for clearer financial disclosure guidelines to distinguish OA journals from predatory ones.
• Financial sustainability was considered a critical factor for OA journals.
  • Internal funding and article processing charges (APCs) = primary financial sources. While most journals viewed their current financial status positively, concerns about long-term financial security were expressed.
• The article suggests improving findability through author identifiers (e.g., ORCiD) and expanding awareness of their importance.

Open Source Software in the Public Sector: 25 Years and Still in Its Infancy[edit | edit source]

Linaker, J., Robles, G., Bryant, D., & Muto, S. (2023). "Open Source Software in the Public Sector: 25 Years and Still in Its Infancy." IEEE Software, 40(4), 39–44. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2023.3266105

• Open-source software (OSS) = fundamental component of digital infrastructure, with the majority of software applications containing OSS elements.
  • The public sector = slower in adopting OSS compared to the private sector but is increasingly recognizing its importance.
  • Factors motivating public sector organizations to adopt OSS: economic growth, innovation, competition, improved interoperability, transparency, and digital sovereignty.
  • Benefits align with the unique needs of the public sector (efficient service delivery and accountability).
• OSS adoption = global phenomenon.
  • Europe: OSS is gaining recognition for its potential to transform the public sector. The European Commission established open-source program office (OSPO) to promote OSS adoption.
  • South Korea and China: incorporated OSS into their industrial policies.
• Importance of collaboration and resource pooling among smaller municipalities in the public sector. Collaboration = help municipalities jointly identify requirements and develop OSS solutions tailored to their collective needs.
• Challenges of adopting OSS in the public sector: complex motivations, technical capabilities, procurement frameworks, and short-term policy incentives.
  • Suggested that future research focus on how to effectively collaborate on engineering and developing public sector centered OSS solutions.

Open access initiatives in European countries: analysis of trends and policies[edit | edit source]

Nazim, M., & Bhardwaj, R. K. (2023). "Open access initiatives in European countries: Analysis of trends and policies." Digital Library Perspectives, 39(3), 371–392. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1108/DLP-06-2022-0051

• European institutions/countries = actively developing digital repositories, creating infrastructure for OA research dissemination.
  • Providing free online access to scholarly content and contribute significantly to the global repository count.
• Gold OA, where articles are published in OA journals, is a common practice. The green route, which involves self-archiving manuscripts in OA repositories, is also widely practiced, especially for articles published in journals with embargo periods.

=Economic Efficiency of an Open-Source National Medical Lab Software in Canada=

Peplinski, J. E., & Pearce, J. M. (2023). "Economic Efficiency of an Open-Source National Medical Lab Software in Canada". Journal of Medical Systems, 47(1). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-023-01949-w

• Use of free and open-source software (OSS) = cost-effective approach for integrating health information technology (HIT) systems.
  • Open-source models can be leveraged not only in software but potentially in other areas of government-funded research and development = cost-efficient way to share knowledge and resources with the public.
• Open-sourcing government-funded research outputs = enhance transparency in research processes = ensuring research is conducted ethically and with public interest in mind.
• Open-source solutions can encourage interdisciplinary collaboration.
  • Open access to research outputs = collaboration among researchers from various disciplines, potentially leading to comprehensive and innovative solutions to complex societal challenges.
• Open-source HIT integration = way to maximize return on investment.
  • Public and taxpayers receive the maximum benefit from their investment in R&D.

Impact of the 2022 OSTP memo: A bibliometric analysis of US federally funded publications, 2017–2021[edit | edit source]

Schares, E. (2023). "Impact of the 2022 OSTP memo: A bibliometric analysis of US federally funded publications, 2017–2021." Quantitative Science Studies, 4(1), 1–21. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1162/qss_a_00237

• Analysis suggests that the new OSTP memo (eliminating the 12-month embargo on federally funded research) = potential to significantly increase the impact and reach of federally funded publications.
  • Major policy change affect research dissemination.

The impact of open access mandates on scientific research and technological development in the U.S.[edit | edit source]

Probst, B., Lohmann, P. M., Kontoleon, A., & Anadón, L. D. (2023). "The impact of open access mandates on scientific research and technological development in the U.S." iScience, 26(10). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.107740

• Open-access mandates (ex. implemented by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for its National Laboratories (NLs)) significantly impact the development of patented technologies. Highlights that scientific articles made freely accessible due to the mandate were used 42% more in patents.
  • Open access to scientific research contributes to technological advancement.
• Did not lead to a significant increase in academic citations.
  • Mandate primarily contributed to technological development and innovation; not result in a higher level of academic research.
• Small firms (below-median patent portfolios) = primary beneficiaries of the increased diffusion of scientific knowledge due to the open-access mandate.
  • Open access reduces access barriers for smaller companies; promoting innovation within this sector.
• Researchers primarily opted for green open access by self-archiving their articles.
  • Understanding these changes in publication strategy = crucial for assessing the impact of open-access policies on the dissemination of research.
• Clear policy design (ex. minimizing embargo periods and enforcing compliance) = enhance diffusion of scientific knowledge.
  • Supporting smaller firms' ability to access and utilize scientific research.

Barriers towards Open Government Data Value Co-Creation: An empirical investigation[edit | edit source]

Wiedenhöft, G. C., Matheus, R., Saxena, S., & Alexopoulos, C. (2023). "Barriers towards Open Government Data Value Co-Creation: An empirical investigation". Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 89(5). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12270

• Significance of user engagement and collaboration in value co-creation.
  • Need to involve the public and relevant stakeholders actively in the open-sourcing process to maximize the benefits of government-funded research.
• Challenges and barriers that can lead to the failure of value co-creation efforts in the context of Open Government Data (OGD).
  • Data quality issues (missing values/outdated data), stakeholder conflicts (lack of awareness of OGD benefits), and organizational hurdles (reluctance to release data due to confidentiality, legislation and policy barriers), resource constraints and lack of political priority = potential obstacles in open-sourcing government research.
• Need for cultural shift within government organizations for transparency, accountability, and collaboration, responsiveness, and citizen engagement.
  • Cultural shift: strategic vision, a robust legal framework, and proper handling of information and quality issues. Important to match interests of relevant stakeholders and ensuring institutional robustness to facilitate open innovation and citizen engagement in OGD initiatives
• VCC in this context refers to the process where users actively collaborate with data providers (government agencies) to create value from these datasets.
• Study indirectly supports the idea by showing the benefits of open data initiatives in terms of transparency, citizen engagement, and value creation.
  • Challenges and necessities for successful implementation: adequate resources, stakeholder awareness, and supportive organizational and legal frameworks.

The promises and perils of open source software release and usage by government - evidence from GitHub and literature[edit | edit source]

Eibl, G., & Thurnay, L. (2023). "The promises and perils of open source software release and usage by government—Evidence from GitHub and literature." 180–190. Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1145/3598469.3598489

• Motivating factors for government adoption of OSS: cost savings, vendor independence, and customization.
  • Can shed light on why governments might choose to open-source research and development projects.
• Public's interest in government OSS projects lead to increased trust in government software. Open-sourcing government-funded research can invite public scrutiny, fostering transparency and trust among taxpayers and citizens. Open access to government research can enhance accountability.
• The article introduces methods for measuring the success of government OSS projects, such as commits, issues, stars, and forks. Quantitative metrics can provide a basis for evaluating the impact and reach of government-funded research = help policymakers make informed decisions about which research projects to prioritize for open access.

Association between the Development of Hospice and Palliative Care and Government-Funded Research Priority: Taiwan-Based Example[edit | edit source]

Cho, M.-C., Yang, P.-C., Wang, Y.-H., Chang, H.-T., & Lin, M.-H. (2022). "Association between the Development of Hospice and Palliative Care and Government-Funded Research Priority: Taiwan-Based Example." Healthcare, 10(6), 1125. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061125

• Impact of government-funded research on the development of hospice and palliative care (HPC) in Taiwan.
• Government support and prioritization = influenced the growth and evolution of HPC research over the years.
• Taiwan government subsidized research institutions to promote creative research in various fields, including HPC.
  • Increased focus on public education alongside professional healthcare training.
• Promotes diverse research
  • Government funding enabled a broad range of research topics and settings in HPC = ability of open-source government-funded research to adapt/evolve with changing societal needs.
• Alignment with Policy Development
  • The government's role setting policies and providing subsidies for research in HPC = mutually reinforcing. Open-sourcing such research potentially inform core components of HPC and aid in policy formation.
• Enhanced Educational Focus:
  • The shift in research focus from professional healthcare training to public education = potential of OS government-funded research to address broader educational needs and reach a wider audience.
• Need for a more diversified research and funding approach.

Nonindustrial Pharmaceutical Research in the BRIC Countries: Lessons for Drug Discovery Partnerships with Academic and Governmental Institutions[edit | edit source]

Watson, J. (2014). "Nonindustrial Pharmaceutical Research in the BRIC Countries: Lessons for Drug Discovery Partnerships with Academic and Governmental Institutions". In Collaborative Innovation in Drug Discovery: Strategies for Public and Private Partnerships (pp. 159–172). Scopus. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118778166.ch11

KWIVER: An open source cross-platform video exploitation framework[edit | edit source]

Fieldhouse, K., Leotta, M. J., Basharat, A., Blue, R., Stoup, D., Atkins, C., Sherrill, L., Boeckel, B., Tunison, P., Becker, J., Dawkins, M., Woehlke, M., Collins, R., Turek, M., & Hoogs, A. (2014). "KWIVER: An open source cross-platform video exploitation framework." 2014 IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop (AIPR), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/AIPR.2014.7041910

• KWIVER (Kitware Image and Video Exploitation and Retrieval) = cross-platform video exploitation framework released as open source by Kitware.
  • Developed with government funding addresses need for a unified system in the areas of computer vision and machine learning.
  • Aims to reach a broad audience and facilitate collaboration in these fields. It includes infrastructure algorithms and systems available to the video analytics community.
  • Only a subset of the software is released to the public due to various restrictions, including national security concerns and the intellectual property rights of project partners.
  • Adopts a model that includes restricted-access government open source releases and a "reading room" concept for software components, allowing gradual release and development of open source projects.
• Broad Accessibility and Collaboration
  • Collaboration and innovation in the fields of computer vision and machine learning.
• Community Support
  • As an open-source project, KWIVER provides a framework that is community-supported, fostering the development of new technologies and solutions.
• Security and Intellectual Property Concerns
  • Some government-funded software cannot be released publicly bc of national security concerns or intellectual property rights of project partners = restriction limits the full potential of open-source development for government-funded projects.
  • Complex Release Processes
• The process of releasing government-funded software to the public = lengthy and unpredictable; requires formal review process (weeks to months). Complexity can hinder timely availability/development of OSS.
• Key takeaway: demonstrates benefits of open-sourced government-funded research = fostering broad accessibility, collaboration, and community support. Challenges = security and intellectual property concerns, complex release processes = limit extent and effectiveness of OS government-funded projects.

3D Printing in the Laboratory: Maximize Time and Funds with Customized and Open-Source Labware[edit | edit source]

Coakley M, Hurt DE. 3D Printing in the Laboratory: Maximize Time and Funds with Customized and Open-Source Labware. Journal of Laboratory Automation. 2016;21(4):489-495. doi:10.1177/2211068216649578

• Offers an affordable alternative = significant cost savings in laboratory settings. Savings ranging from 50% to 90% compared to commercial products = more affordable and accessible.
• Open-source projects and communities are growing, fostering collaboration and sharing of resources.
• Enhanced Customization and Problem-Solving
  • 3D printing enables researchers to create custom solutions for specific laboratory needs; might not be possible with off-the-shelf products.
• Community-Driven Innovation
  • Open-source hardware projects = foster collaborative communities = enhancing innovation and resource sharing in scientific research.
• Wider Accessibility and Adoption

Key Takeaway: customization, cost savings, community-driven innovation, and increased accessibility in research and development.

Government-Funded R&D to Drive Cybersecurity Technologies[edit | edit source]

D. Maughan, D. Balenson, U. Lindqvist and Z. Tudor, "Government-Funded R&D to Drive Cybersecurity Technologies," in IT Professional, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 62-65, July-Aug. 2015, doi: 10.1109/MITP.2015.70.

• Role of government-funded R&D in advancing cybersecurity technologies.
• Since 2004, the DHS S&T cybersecurity R&D program has transitioned over 30 products, including commercial, open source, and government products. Examples: advanced rootkit detection technology and high-performance intrusion detection systems.
• Advancement of Critical Technologies
  • Government-funded R&D led to development of essential cybersecurity technologies
• Successful Technology Transitions
  • Transitioned numerous products to widespread use = efficacy of government-funded R&D in developing practical, deployable solutions.
• Collaboration with Various Stakeholders
  • The DHS S&T program collaborates with a range of stakeholders (government, industry, and international partners) to develop and transition technologies.
• Challenges in Transitioning Research to Operational Use
  • Difficult due to the rapidly evolving nature of cyber threats and the complexity of the cybersecurity landscape; could be exacerbated in an open-source environment where control over the development and implementation process is more distributed.

Government-funded research increasingly fuels innovation[edit | edit source]

Fleming, L., Greene, H., Li, G., Marx, M., & Yao, D. (2019). Government-funded research increasingly fuels innovation. Science, 364(6446), 1139–1141. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw2373

• Discusses increasing reliance of U.S. patents on federal research; government investment in science has been instrumental in fostering innovation.
  • rise in patents that depend on federally supported research; indicates growing importance of federal research in the innovation process.
  • Various U.S. agencies (Department of Defense, Health and Human Services, and the National Science Foundation) supported inventions across multiple technology classes.
  • Startups rely heavily on government research; significant percentage of venture-backed company patents citing federally supported research; lack the resources for extensive internal R&D.
  • Reliance on U.S. federal research by foreign inventors increased over time- challenges and variations in the degree of reliance across different countries.
  • Corporate patents that rely on federal research are generally more important, as indicated by a higher number of citations from subsequent patents.

Resolving the open source paradox in biotechnology: A proposal for a revised open source policy for publicly funded genomic databases[edit | edit source]

Gitter, D. M. (2008). Resolving the open source paradox in biotechnology: A proposal for a revised open source policy for publicly funded genomic databases. Computer Law & Security Review, 24(6), 529–539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2008.09.002

• Examines the OS data access policy of the International HapMap Project.
  • Argues current policy is ineffective in preventing parasitic patenting, where patent applications block other users' access to the data = significant drawback considering the project's large-scale, publicly funded nature.
  • The HapMap's OS policy is criticized for not effectively precluding patenting by those who violate the policy, not binding third parties who obtain data through means other than the HapMap website = lacks clear enforcement mechanism and suitable solution = potentially being unenforceable internationally.
  • The article proposes an enhanced OS licensing scheme = impose penalties for violations, bind third parties, and potentially be enforceable internationally. Aims to better protect against parasitic patenting while maintaining wide accessibility.
• Argues little harm to scientific progress would occur if genome sequencing centers were placed in a privileged position under proposed system; noncommercial researchers would still enjoy reduced fees.
• Evidence suggesting a market for nonexclusive licenses to access databases like the HapMap, indicating that open-sourced government-funded research can be economically viable and attractive to private firms.
• Challenges in Enforcement
  • Current policy's lack of an effective enforcement mechanism = difficulties in ensuring compliance with OS agreements in publicly-funded research.
• Misusing data or engaging in parasitic patenting demonstrates potential risks associated with open-sourcing government-funded research.
• Challenges in global implementation and enforcement.

Funding models for Open Access digital data repositories[edit | edit source]

Kitchin, R., Collins, S., & Frost, D. (2015). Funding models for Open Access digital data repositories. Online Information Review, 39(5), 664–681. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-01-2015-0031

• Outlines the significant costs associated with building and maintaining such repositories and the financial challenges they face.
• The authors detail 14 potential funding streams for OA digital data repositories' grouped into six categories: institutional, philanthropy, research, audience, service, and volunteer.
• Challenges and risks associated with securing sustainable funding/importance of developing effective funding models to ensure the long-term viability of these repositories.
• Risks = potential closure of repositories, reputation damage, loss of leveraged funds, and loss of human resources and infrastructure.
• Increasing political pressure and social support for making research data openly accessible, indicating a favourable climate for open-sourced government-funded research.
• Researchers' reluctance to share data, a fundamental component of open-sourced research, can be a significant barrier.

Query Line for Advanced Search

TITLE-ABS-KEY ( open-sourc* )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "open sourc*" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "open access" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( open-access )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "open hardware" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "open software" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "accessible hardware" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "accessible software" )  AND  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government-funded )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( state-funded )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( publicly-funded )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( taxpayer-funded )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( federally  AND funded )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government-supported )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government-financed )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( publicly-subsidized )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( taxpayer-backed )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( state-sponsored )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( state-sustained )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government-backed )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government-led )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( government-granted )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "government funded" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "state funded" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "publicly funded" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "taxpayer funded" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "federally funded" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "government supported" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "government financed" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "publicly subsidized" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "taxpayer-backed" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "state sponsored" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "state sustained" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "government backed" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "government led" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "government granted" )  AND  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "research and development" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( r&d )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "scientific exploration" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "investigative studies" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( "technological advancement" )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( innovation )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( discovery )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( experiment* )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( research )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( develop* )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( investig* )  OR  TITLE-ABS-KEY ( advanc* )  AND  PUBYEAR  >  2012  AND  PUBYEAR  <  2024