Open Source 3D Protective Helmet

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Key words terms (KWT)

1. Safety Helmet
2. Hard Hat
3. Head Protection
4. 3D Print
5. Open Source

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1. Searched [site] using KWT1 and KWT3

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The "When" of the topic. Review current state with an emphasis on the development of the field over time.

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• Create lists and sub-lists of topics that need to be further reviewed.

J.M. Jafferson and S. Pattanashetti, "Use of 3D printing in production of personal protective equipment (PPE) - a review," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 46, pp. 1247–1260, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.02.072

• Highlights numerous examples of existing 3D printed PPE projects related to helmets.
• Paddings and helmet liners design using dissipative material.

Weaver, A., III, Kemp, J., Ojiambo, W. & Simmons, A. (2024, Aug.). From hard hats to helmets: The history and future of head protection. Professional Safety, 69(8), 34-43. https://onepetro.org/PS/article-abstract/69/08/34/569551/From-Hard-Hats-to-Helmets-The-History-amp-Future

• Historical analysis of helmet design and functionality.
• Outlines helmet-specific standards of performance, construction, fitting, etc.
• Helmet classification of different countries.
• Highlights importance of safe design to minimize injuries.

University of Toronto, "Protective Headwear Standard: Selection, Use, and Care," February 2024. https://ehs.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Head-Protection.pdf

• Replacement guidelines for protective headwear.

CSA Group, "CSA Z94.1-15 (R2020): Industrial Protective Headwear – Performance, Selection, Care, and Use," CSA Group, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.csagroup.org/store/product/Z94.1-15/

• Use as guidelines for design/performance requirements and testing procedures of headwear protection for industrial, construction, mining, utility, and forestry workers in Canada.
• Ensures regulatory and safety compliance according to Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA).

ANSI/ISEA, "ANSI/ISEA Z89.1-2014 (R2019): American National Standard for Industrial Head Protection," International Safety Equipment Association (ISEA), 2019. https://isea.safetyequipment.org/atlas/ecommerce/item/8

• Design/performance requirements and testing procedures for hard hats for meeting American regulations.
  • Useful if we wanted to base the mechanical testing off these standards as they are considered more globally recognized.

Bottlang, M., DiGiacomo, G., Tsai, S., & Madey, S., "Effect of helmet design on impact performance of industrial safety helmets," Heliyon, vol. 8, no. e09962, pp. 1–12, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09962

• CEL had good performance of absorbing applied force so this type of material and design should be investigated further.
• In-depth analysis on force exerted onto the helmet based on linear acceleration, rotational velocity, rotational acceleration, crown impact, front impact, side impact, and rear impact.

Prosperi, G., "3D printing of a cycling helmet with bioinspired structure and biomaterial: design, additive manufacturing, and FEM validation," Master's Thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 2021. https://webthesis.biblio.polito.it/20169/

• PLA LW with TPU cover vs traditional EPS material-helmets performance.
• Implications of using TPU for added cover, exploring its potential added benefits in construction hats.

Wang, P., Yang, J., Hu, Y., Huo, J., & Feng, X., "Innovative design of a helmet based on reverse engineering and 3D printing," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 60, pp. 3445–3453, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.02.006

• Aesthetic considerations and ergonomic improvements to make the helmet visually appealing and user-friendly.
• Post-processing included support removal, surface polishing, and assembly which can be applicable to our research.
• The study explores reverse-engineered design ensuring precise alignment with individual head contours, improving comfort.
  • Insights could be useful if the customization path is desired to individualize safety helmets.
• Uses 3D modelling software Geomagic Studio and RDS BodyScan three-dimensional body scanning system.

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