Literature review: Agrivoltaics services

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1. Renewable electricity generation: “agrivoltaics” AND “electricity generation” OR “power generation” OR “energy yield” OR “PV output"
2. Decreased greenhouse gas emissions: “agrivoltaics” AND “greenhouse gas emission” OR “GHG emission” OR “carbon emission” OR “avoided emissions"
3. Climate change mitigation: “agrivoltaics” AND “climate change” OR “climate change impact"
4. Crop yield impacts: “agrivoltaics” AND “crop yield” OR “yield change” OR “plant growth” OR “harvest"
5. Plant protection from extreme weather: “agrivoltaics” AND “plant protection” OR “hail” OR “heat stress” OR “shading effect” OR “microclimate"
6. Water conservation: “agrivoltaics” AND “water conservation” OR “soil moisture” OR “evapotranspiration” OR “irrigation"
7. Agricultural employment: “agrivoltaics” AND “employment” OR “farm labor” OR “job creation"
8. Local food production: “agrivoltaics” AND “local food” OR “food production” OR “food security"
9. Health improvements from pollution reduction: “agrivoltaics” AND “health benefit” OR “pollution reduction” OR “air quality"
10. Increased farmer revenue: “agrivoltaics” AND “farmer revenue” OR “farm income” OR “revenue increase"
11. Inflation hedging: “agrivoltaics” AND “inflation hedge” OR “revenue stability” OR “farm income diversification"
12. On-farm nitrogen fertilizer production: “agrivoltaics” AND "nitrogen fertilizer” OR “on-farm fertilizer"
13. Renewable fuels (ammonia, hydrogen): “agrivoltaics” AND “hydrogen production” OR “ammonia production” OR “renewable fuel"
14. EV charging infrastructure: “agrivoltaics” AND “electric vehicle charging” OR “EV charging"
15. Land Resource Efficiency (LER): “agrivoltaics” AND “land use efficiency” OR “land equivalent ratio” OR “LER"
16. Soil and land health: “agrivoltaics” AND “land health” OR “soil health” OR “soil quality"

1. Searched [site] using KWT 1-16

Agrivoltaics is the combination of agriculture and solar photovoltaics on the same land. Read more about agrivoltaics here.

Agrivoltaics services are the benefits produced when agriculture and solar photovoltaics are combined on the same land. While ‘agrivoltaic services’ is not a standardized term, the terms ‘services,’ ‘benefits,’ and ‘co-benefits' are used interchangeably in academic work to describe the benefits gained from the use of agrivoltaics.

The "How" of the topic.

The "Why" of the topic.

The "When" of the topic. Review current state with an emphasis on the development of the field over time.

The "Who" of the topic.

The "Where" of the Topic

Jamil, U., & Pearce, J. M. (2023).

• Defined agrivoltaics as "a symbiotic system that overall provides fifteen potential services” and then enumerated the agrivoltaic services as follows: (1) renewable electricity generation, (2) decreased greenhouse gas emissions, (3) reduced climate change, (4) increased crop yield, (5) plant protection from excess solar energy, (6) plant protection from inclement weather such as hail, (7) water conservation, (8) agricultural employment, (9) local food, (10) improved health from pollution reduction, (11) increased revenue for farmers, (12) a hedge against inflation, (13) the potential to produce nitrogen fertilizer on farm, (14) on farm production of renewable fuels such as anhydrous ammonia or hydrogen, and (15) electricity for EV charging for on- or off-farm use
• Used the terms ’services’ and ‘benefits’ interchangeably
• Extended the benefits beyond agronomy and energy into downstream economic services and energy-carrier services

Hayibo, K. S., Jamil, U., & Pearce, J. M. (2025).

• Review is broadly on dual-use solar and not solely specific to agrivoltaics
• Discussed two agrivoltaics-specific benefits that were not listed in the Jamil & Pearce (2023) paper: (1) land resources and (2) land health.