Open source crutch - tire foot

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Key words terms (KWT)

1. "term1" AND "term2"
2. "term1"
3. "term1" OR "term2"

A. Open‑source & replicability

1. Omer et al. (2024) – Designing for replicability: A qualitative empirical study in the replication of open‑source machine tools
   • doi:10.1017/dsj.2024.35
   • Barriers to replicating open‑source hardware in different contexts.
   • Material availability, tooling, and documentation affect whether designs are truly reproducible.
2. Antoniou et al. (2021) – Identifying the factors affecting replicability of open‑source hardware designs
   • doi:10.1017/pds.2021.443
   • Documentation, tooling, and context as key determinants of open‑source hardware replication.
   • Framework to assess design replicability.
3. Pearce (2020) – Distributed manufacturing of open‑source medical hardware for pandemics
   • https://doi.org/10.3390/jmmp4020049
   • Open‑source medical device projects during COVID‑19 and highlights replication challenges.
   • Materials, files, processes,… to enable distributed manufacturing.
4. Niezen, Eslambolchilar & Thimbleby (2016) – Open‑source hardware for medical devices
   • https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2015-000080
   • Some open‑source healthcare projects, their build ease and component availability.
   • Advantages of open source e.g.cost reduction, faster innovation and accessibility.
5. Lantada et al (2023) Sustainable open‑source medical devices manufactured with green biomaterials and accessible resources
   • https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobme.2023.100500
   • Open‑source designs that use easily accessible or sustainable materials.
6. So, Reeves & Pearce (2023) – Open‑source designs for distributed manufacturing of low-cost customized walkers
   • https://doi.org/10.3390/inventions8030079
   • An open‑source walker built with readily available materials and printed joints to improve global access.
7. Mottaghi et al. (2025) – Open‑source 3D printable forearm Crutch
   • https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318987
   • Open‑source forearm crutch design

B. 3D printing with TPU

8.     Arifvianto et al. (2021) – Tensile properties of FFF‑processed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) elastomer

• https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07712-0
• Printing parameters like temperature and raster angle affect TPU tensile properties.

9.     Awasthi & Banerjee (2021) – Fused deposition modeling of thermoplastic elastomeric materials: Challenges and opportunities

• https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addma.2021.102177
• FDM of elastomeric materials, including TPU and related polymers.
• Printability issues, mechanical performance, and process challenges.

10. León‑Calero et al. (2021) – 3D printing of thermoplastic elastomers: Role of the chemical composition and printing parameters in the production of parts with controlled energy absorption and damping capacity

• https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13203551
• How chemical composition and printing settings affect energy absorption and damping in printed elastomers.
• TPU components depend heavily on material and process choices.

11. Vidakis et al. (2021) – Strain rate sensitivity of polycarbonate and thermoplastic polyurethane for various 3D printing temperatures and layer heights

• https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13162752
• How strain rate, nozzle temperature, and layer height affect mechanical responses of FFF‑printed TPU.
• Printing settings influence dynamic loading behavior.

12. Geng et al. (2023) – The Study on the morphology and compression properties of microcellular TPU/Nanoclay tissue scaffolds for potential tissue engineering applications

• https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15173647  
• TPU composites with nanoclay showing improved compressive strength and resilience.

13. Xu et al. (2020) – Mechanical properties of additively manufactured thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material Aafected by various processing parameters

• https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12123010
• How printing temperature, speed, and other parameters affect TPU’s mechanical performance.

14. Wang et al. (2020) – Research of TPU materials for 3D printing aiming at non‑pneumatic tires by FDM method

• https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12112492
• TPU use in tires produced by FDM.

15. Salem et al. (2018) – Design and characterization of a soft pneumatic actuator TPU for universal robot gripper

• https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCR.2018.8534483
• Develops soft actuator components using TPU.

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