3D Printed Adult Male Humeral Bone Models/Find 3D Print On Demand Services

These 3D printed models accurately simulate bone length and diameter, external contour and cross-sectional shape, bicortical anatomy, cortical hardness, cancellous bone porosity, and microstructure, and far cortex thickness for adult males at right humeral shaft fracture pin drilling sites for modular external fixation.^{[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]} These models feature a semi-engraved model number, gender symbol, and drilling direction arrows on the base of each model to assist with model identification and proper orientation. Each model has a vise attachment to allow the user to secure the model inside a standard vise clamp to maximize safety during simulation training. When a model is placed inside a standard vise clamp, the bone model will be properly positioned to simulate a patient in the supine position. These open-source, locally reproducible, and high fidelity 3D printed bone models teach essential irrigation and debridement, powered and manual drilling, and modular external fixation skills that are transferable to the performance of other limb-saving and life-saving surgeries that require hardware stabilization and fixation.^[16]

Find Local 3D Print On Demand Services[edit | edit source]

On-site access to a 3D printer is not required. The open-source 3D files can be downloaded by any 3D printing organization anywhere. There are many networks you can use to find and contact 3D print on demand services in your region.

Prusa World Map[edit | edit source]

Prusa offers a map of Prusa 3D printer users worldwide with a "Print on Demand" option (in the left-side menu), which allows you to filter all users who accept print on demand requests and send a message to each user.

Register a New Prusa Account[edit | edit source]

1. Go to https://account.prusa3d.com/registration/?next=/o/authorize/%3Fclient_id%3DM8LpfPFdUlFWcOpLmEdEm7IXmDQfNqhkMqRUYOnv%26response_type%3Dcode%26scope%3Dbasic_info%26redirect_uri%3Dhttps%3A//www.prusa3d.com/login/
2. Fill in the requested information to register a new, free Prusa account
3. Login to your free Prusa account

Look up 3D Print on Demand Services Near You[edit | edit source]

1. Go to https://www.prusaprinters.org/world
2. Click on the white square icon in the bottom left corner of the map to reveal the filter feature
3. Click on "Print on Demand" in the left-side menu
4. Review the map to identify the 3D print on demand services in your country
5. Click on the orange pin(s) for local 3D printing on demand services

Contact the 3D Print on Demand Services Near You[edit | edit source]

1. Click on "Send a message" to contact each 3D print on demand service

Table 1. Contact Information for Prusa World 3D Print on Demand Services in 6 Countries[edit | edit source]

Contact Info for Prusa World 3D Print on Demand Services in 6 Countries	#	Country	City	Prusa World Map User URL	Contact URL	Special Notes
1.1	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/tedy-53081	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/53081	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
1.2	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/shem-13188	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/13188	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
1.3	Ethiopia	Gersa Halila	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/pushadam-27131	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/27131	Has Prusa MK2/S with a maximum build volume Z height of 200 mm so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.[17]
1.4	Ethiopia		https://world.prusa3d.com/user/ygeorgewilliamsgmailcom-59182	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/59182 Email: ygeorgewilliams@gmail.com Phone/WhatsApp: +256758366278	Now has Creality CR10s, Creality CR 10S Pro V2.0, GMax 2, Creality Ender 3 and Anet ET5  Pro 3D printers and can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. May 1, 2022 email response states, "since I am in an e-commerce business, I Do ship across the country, Africa, Europe and the rest of the World between 24Hours to 7Days without Weekends."
2.1	Guatemala			Please contact each user individually.	There are an estimated 15 users who provide print on demand services in Guatemala.
3.1	India			Please contact each user individually.	There are an estimated 292 users who provide print on demand services in India.[18]
3.2	India	Chandigarh	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/kad-enterprises-65516	https://www.printables.com/social/350914-anmol/about KAD Enterprises Email: anmol.khurana555@gmail.com Phone: +919815176484	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. August 28, 2022 email states, "We are also providing 3D printing services to a leading hospital locally, in Chandigarh, where we provide 3D prosthetic models."
3.3	India	Maharashtra	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/sharad-41361	https://www.printables.com/social/41361-sharad/about You Imagine We Make Email: sharaddjadhavv@gmail.com Phone: 8888123821	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer and two Creality Ender 3 Printers so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. September 1, 2022 email states, "Right now i own only 1 prusa machine and 2 creality ender 3."
4.1	Nigeria	Abjua	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/juergen-154372	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/154372	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
4.2	Nigeria	Abuja	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/hideville-29808	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/29808	Has a Prusa 2.5/S. Will need to inquire if 3D printer has a build volume Z height of at least 150 mm. Profile states, "I am an Architect, love to print and create things with 3d printers."
4.3	Nigeria	Lagos	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/iquest3dmaker-79501	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/79501	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. Profile states, "3d Printing."
4.4	Nigeria	Lagos	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/skaggia_svensk-10482	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/10482	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. Profile states, "Just a guy who likes to make and print things."
5.1	Rwanda	Kigali	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/eric-rutayisire-177575	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/177575	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
5.2	Rwanda		https://world.prusa3d.com/user/ygeorgewilliamsgmailcom-59182	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/59182 Email: ygeorgewilliams@gmail.com Phone/WhatsApp: +256758366278	Now has Creality CR10s, Creality CR 10S Pro V2.0, GMax 2, Creality Ender 3 and Anet ET5  Pro 3D printers and can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. May 1, 2022 email response states, "since I am in an e-commerce business, I Do ship across the country, Africa, Europe and the rest of the World between 24Hours to 7Days without Weekends."
6.1	Sudan	Khartoum	https://world.prusa3d.com/user/mohammed-elmustafa-50946	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/50946	Has a Prusa MK3/S/S+ Printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
6.2	Sudan		https://world.prusa3d.com/user/ygeorgewilliamsgmailcom-59182	https://www.printables.com/cs/messenger/new/59182 Email: ygeorgewilliams@gmail.com Phone/WhatsApp: +256758366278	Now has Creality CR10s, Creality CR 10S Pro V2.0, GMax 2, Creality Ender 3 and Anet ET5  Pro 3D printers and can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale. May 1, 2022 email response states, "since I am in an e-commerce business, I Do ship across the country, Africa, Europe and the rest of the World between 24Hours to 7Days without Weekends."

Ultimaker Re-sellers[edit | edit source]

Ultimaker 3D Printers are available in 85 countries and territories through Ultimaker re-sellers.

You can search for and reach out to an Ultimaker re-seller in your region to inquire if they or a customer have a fused filament fabrication 3D printer with a build volume Z height of at least 180 mm and if they or a customer can provide 3D print on demand services.

1. Go to: https://ultimaker.com/resellers/gb?utm_campaign=2022_Alwayson_srengineer_traffic_do_CA&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIyrGU1JGx9wIVxm5vBB2aAAFJEAAYASABEgIiIfD_BwE.
2. Select your country.
3. Scroll down to see preferred re-sellers on the bottom left side of the webpage.
4. Click on each re-seller's name to visit their website.
5. Look up the contact information on the re-seller's website.

or

1. Go to: Ultimaker S5 3D Printer#Global Availability of Ultimaker 3D Printers.
2. Review the map to identify the Ultimaker re-sellers in your region.
3. Click on the blue pin(s) for local Ultimaker re-sellers.
4. Click on the Ultimaker re-seller website link displayed for each blue pin.

Fab Labs[edit | edit source]

"The Fab Lab Network is an open, creative community of fabricators, artists, scientists, engineers, educators, students, amateurs, professionals, of all ages located in more than 149 countries in approximately 2,000 Fab Labs. From community based labs to advanced research centers, Fab Labs share the goal of democratizing access to the tools for technical invention. This community network is an extension of fablabs.io and is simultaneously a manufacturing network, a distributed technical education campus, and a distributed research laboratory working to digitize fabrication, promoting the next generation of manufacturing and personal fabrication."^[19]

You can search for and reach out to a local Fab Lab to inquire if they have a fused filament fabrication 3D printer with a build volume Z height of at least 180 mm and if they can provide 3D print on demand services.

1. Go to: https://www.fablabs.io/labs/map to view a global map of Fab Labs.
2. Go to https://www.fablabs.io/labs search for active Fab Labs by country.
3. In the "Filter by Country" dropdown menu, select your country's name.
4. In the "Filter by activity status" dropdown menu, select "ACTIVE."
5. In the "Show" dropdown menu, select "100."
6. Click on "Filter."
7. In the left side of the screen, you will see a list of all the active Fab Labs in your country.
8. Click on the green arrow for each Fab Lab listed on the left.
9. Find the website link and contact information for each Fab Lab.
10. Each Fab Lab page will also list any nearby Fab Labs on the righthand side of the page.
11. If there are more than 100 Fab Labs in your country, click on the "Next" green button to view the next 100 Fab Labs.
12. Repeat Step #11 until you have viewed all the pages listing Fab Labs in your country.

Impact Hubs[edit | edit source]

Impact Hubs is "a global network of 24,250 people driving change – made up of 100+ communities in 60+ countries across 5 continents."^[20]

You can search for and reach out to a local Impact Hub to inquire if they or a partner have a fused filament fabrication 3D printer with a build volume Z height of at least 180 mm and if an Impact Hub member or partner can provide 3D print on demand services.

1. Go to https://impacthub.net/about-us-regions-locations/. to view a global map of Impact Hubs.
2. Click on each pin in your region to see the website link for that Impact Hub.
3. Click on the website link for each Impact Hub.
4. Click on the Contact Us link on each website.

Hackerspaces[edit | edit source]

"Hackerspaces are community-operated physical places, where people can meet and work on their projects."^[21] "There are currently 2,447 hackerspaces listed in this wiki, 876 of them are marked as active and 360 as planned."^[22]

You can search for and reach out to a local Hackerspace to inquire if they have a fused filament fabrication 3D printer with a build volume Z height of at least 180 mm and if they can provide 3D print on demand services.

1. Go to: https://wiki.hackerspaces.org/List_of_Hacker_Spaces to view "a comprehensive, user-maintained list of all active hackerspaces throughout the world."
2. Go to: https://wiki.hackerspaces.org/Category:Country to search for Hackerspaces in your country.
3. Click on each hackerspace link to look up the contact information on the right side of each individual Hackerspace page.

Makerspaces[edit | edit source]

You can search for and reach out to a local Makerspace to inquire if they or a member have a fused filament fabrication 3D printer with a build volume Z height of at least 180 mm and if they or a member can provide 3D print on demand services.

1. Go to to https://makerspaces.make.co/ view a global map of Makerspaces.
2. Click on each pin in your region to see the website link for that Makerspace.
3. Click on the website link for each Makerspace.
4. Click on the Contact Us link on each website.

Table 2. Contact Info for 3D Print on Demand Services in 6 Countries[edit | edit source]

Reach out to an Ultimaker re-seller, FabLab, Impact Hub, Hackerspaces, or Makerspace in your region to find local 3D print on demand services.

Contact Info for Ultimaker Re-sellers, FabLabs, Impact Hubs, Hackerspaces, or Makerspaces in 6 Countries	#	Country	Website	Contact Email	Special Notes
1.1	Ethiopia	AIGE Limited	Contact Us Email: training@aige.info Phone: +234 806 630 6719	As of August 29, 2022, AIGE has four 3D printers, monthly production currently stands at 150 units on normal production, and can go up to 250 units if they are to print round the clock. AIGE can deliver high-fidelity bone models via Fedex to: Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Malawi for an estimated $350 USD for 4 kg worth of models. AIGE can deliver Ultimaker PLA filaments (Shore Hardness 84D) to: Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Malawi for $40 USD per roll (tax-free) to an international airport in the recipient country, including Addis Ababa Bole International Airport (IATA: ADD, ICAO: HAAB) and Dire Dawa International Airport (IATA: DIR, ICAO: HADR).
2.1	Guatemala	RICOH	Contact
2.2	Guatemala	Fablabs.io	Contact each active Fab Lab individually	There are 3 active Fab Labs in Guatemala.
2.3	Guatemala	Impact Hub Antigua	Let's Talk E-mail: antigua@impacthub.net Phone: (502) 7758-9544
2.4	Guatemala	FabLab Colegio Interamericano	Phone: +502 2200 2990
2.5	Guatemala	TecLab	Contact Email: info@tec.gt   Phone: +502 2218-3100
3.1	India	Imaginarium	Contact Us Email: hello@imaginarium.io Phone: +91 22 6738 0100	Official Ultimaker Reseller for India
3.2	India	Fablabs.io	Contact each active Fab Lab individually	There are 45 active Fab Labs in India.
3.3	India	Hackerspaces in India	Contact each active Hackerspace individually	There are 18 active Hackerspaces in India.
3.4	India	Makerspaces	Contact each Makerspace directly	There are 18 Makerspaces in India listed in the Makerspace directory.
3.5	India	Maker's Asylum	Contact Email: info@makersasylum.com Phone: +91 90046 86828	The image AMP_6688 shows a fused filament fabrication 3D printer on the far right that appears to have an adequate minimum build volume Z height to print the Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
4.1	Nigeria	AIGE Limited	Contact Us Email: training@aige.info Phone: +234 806 630 6719	Official Ultimaker Reseller for Nigeria and as of August 29, 2022, AIGE has four 3D printers, monthly production currently stands at 150 units on normal production, and can go up to 250 units if they are to print round the clock. AIGE can deliver high-fidelity bone models via Fedex to: Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Malawi for an estimated $350 USD for 4 kg worth of models. AIGE can deliver Ultimaker PLA filaments (Shore Hardness 84D) to: Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Malawi for $40 USD per roll (tax-free) to an international airport in the recipient country.
4.2	Nigeria	Fablabs.io	Contact each active Fab Lab individually	There are 5 active Fab Labs in Nigeria.
4.3	Nigeria	Developer Fab Lab	Contact Us Email: info@odysseyedufoundation.org Phone: +2348133226669	Has a Creality Ender 3 3D printer so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
4.4	Nigeria	Impact Hub Lagos	Facebook
4.5	Nigeria	Co-Creation Hub Nigeria	Email: info@cchubnigeria.com	CcHUB Design Lab collaborates "with scientists, researchers, health professionals and developers to use technology in accelerating the adoption of locally-created solutions for better detection and surveillance of diseases and adherence to treatment."[23]
4.6	Nigeria	Innov8 Hub	Contact Us	Has an Ultimaker S5 3D printers which has a minimum build volume Z height of 200 mm so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
5.1	Rwanda	FabLab Rwanda	Request Quotation Email: info@fablab.rw Phone: +250 789 276 080	Website shows an Ultimaker 2+ which has a minimum build volume Z height of 200 mm so can print Adult Humeral Bone Models at 100% scale.
5.2	Rwanda	Impact Hub Kigali	Email: connect.kigali@impacthub.net Phone: +250 788 544 203
5.3	Rwanda	AIGE Limited	Contact Us Email: training@aige.info Phone: +234 806 630 6719	As of August 29, 2022, AIGE has four 3D printers, monthly production currently stands at 150 units on normal production, and can go up to 250 units if they are to print round the clock. AIGE can deliver high-fidelity bone models via Fedex to: Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Malawi for an estimated $350 USD for 4 kg worth of models. AIGE can deliver Ultimaker PLA filaments (Shore Hardness 84D) to: Burundi, Ethiopia, Rwanda, South Africa, Uganda, Ivory Coast, Ghana, and Malawi for $40 USD per roll (tax-free) to an international airport in the recipient country, including Kamembe International Airport, (IATA: KME, ICAO: HRZA) and Kigali International Airport (IATA: KGL, ICAO: HRYR) to receive the package.
6.1	Sudan	Impact Hub Khartoum	Let's Talk
6.2	Sudan	Sumakers Lab	Email: info@sumakerslab.com Phone: +249-905866883	Website states, "The first makerspace in Sudan."
6.3	Sudan	AIGE Limited	Contact Us Email: training@aige.info Phone: +234 806 630 6719	Able to produce and ship 3D printed bone models to Khartoum International Airport (IATA: KRT, ICAO: HSSK) and Port Sudan New International Airport (IATA: PZU, ICAO: HSPN) to receive the package.

Global Simulation Societies[edit | edit source]

Click on this link to find and reach out to simulation societies in your region to inquire if any of their member institutions and/or partners accept 3D print on demand requests.

African Biomedical Engineering Consortium[edit | edit source]

"The African Biomedical Engineering Consortium (ABEC) is a regional platform for promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in healthcare infrastructure and technologies for improved healthcare outcomes in Africa."^[24]

The African Biomedical Engineering Consortium is composed of 16 members from North, East, West and Southern Africa:^[25]

1. Addis Ababa Institute of Technology (Ethiopia)
2. Cairo University (Egypt)
3. Dar Es Salaam Institute of Technology (Tanzania)
4. Jimma University (Ethiopia)
5. Kenyatta University (Kenya)
6. Kyambogo University (Uganda)
7. Makerere University (Uganda)
8. Malawi University of Science and Technology (Malawi)
9. Mbarara University of Science and Technology (Uganda)
10. Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences (Tanzania)
11. Stellenbosch University
12. Technical University of Mombasa (Kenya)
13. Uganda Industrial Research Institute (Uganda)
14. University of Cape Town (South Africa)
15. University of Ibadan (Nigeria)
16. University of Eldoret (Kenya)
17. University of Lagos (Nigeria)
18. University of Pisa (Italy)

Reach out to ABEC at secretariat@abec-africa.org or info@abec-africa.org to ask if any of their member institutions and/partners are able and willing to manufacture the 3D Printed Adult Male Humeral Bone Models.

Contact 3D Print on Demand Services[edit | edit source]

Once you have collected contact information for local 3D print on demand services, prepare to request sample printed models and a price quote.

Advance Notice for Large Volume Orders[edit | edit source]

Polylactic acid (PLA) filament is usually imported in low to middle income countries. If you want to order a large number of 3D printed bone models, please notify your local 3D printing organization well in advance to ensure adequate stock of fresh PLA filament will be available.

Send a Message[edit | edit source]

Feel free to use and adapt this introductory email template provided in italics below:

1. • Use your address for shipping the 3D printed bone models;
     • Include the total number of each bone model you wish to order; and
       • Sign off with your standard email signature.

Greetings,

We are looking to purchase 3D printed open-source bone simulation models for training local healthcare practitioners at the National Hospital Abuja, Plot 132 Central Business District (Phase II), PMB 425, Garki, Abuja, F.C.T. Nigeria.*

If your 3D printer can print g-code files sliced by Ultimaker Cura or Cura Lulzbot Edition software and has a minimum build volume Z height of 150 mm, please go to this link: https://www.appropedia.org/3D_Printed_Adult_Male_Humeral_Bone_Models and submit a price quote for one Adult Male Humeral Bone Model #1 and one Adult Male Humeral Bone Model #2.** Please pay attention to and follow all the instructions closely to ensure the bone models are printed properly.

If your 3D printers are not suitable or available for this potential contract, can you please recommend another local 3D printing organization who might be interested?

Thank you very much for taking the time to review our message. We look forward to receiving a price quote from you by no later than 1 week from today.

Sincerely,

Habila Umaru, MBBS, FWACS, MDM, MHPM***

Confirm Order[edit | edit source]

Once you've received an acceptable price quote and received photos of the base, top, sides, and vise attachment of sample printed models that verify that Model #1 and Model #2 meet all the standards on the quality assurance checklist, then request an order invoice from the 3D print on demand service.

Humeral Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator[edit | edit source]

Acknowledgements[edit | edit source]

This work is funded by a grant from the Intuitive Foundation. Any research, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this work are those of the author(s), and not of the Intuitive Foundation.

References[edit | edit source]