Why native organisms ?[edit | edit source]
Native organisms can be expected to fit the ecology of the region, and be able to grow in the climate and soil of the region. They can also play an important role in reducing the distance food needs to travel. However, native organisms may not always be as productive as the more popular domesticated counterparts or attain equally high prices. The latter is often a result of being not well known (and thus disliked) by the population (at least at first).
Native organisms should always be considered in aquaculture as they are generally hardier and thus safer organisms in terms of providing food (especially today, with global warming affecting the environment). They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propagation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in water tanks, ponds entirely secluded from the sea,...), non-indigenous organisms may be a suitable option.
Note that although the amount of marine organisms is much greater than what is mentioned in the list, we only specify species here that are usable for aquaculture. Most types of organisms can not be kept in captivity (ie they may have very specific needs, are very susceptible to stress, sea lice, oxygen fluctuations in the water, water quality,..)
Also note that on the map below, the amount of plankton per region is marked. Although many organisms grown in aquaculture do not/can not consume plankton, it is often still possible to use the locally available plankton to feed the organisms we grow. This, by also growing another organism (that can be fed on plankton) and use this as food for the organisms we grow. We can btw also process waste (ie feces) of organisms we grow and use this to grow halofytes as food for other organisms. These methods allow far more cost-efficient production, and also decrease pressure on the environment. See Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture.
Types of native organisms by region[edit | edit source]
Type of organisms indicated in this article[edit | edit source]
Fish: abbreviation F_ followed by a number to indicate the region. Also includes fish grown for roe |
Shellfish: abbreviation SF_ followed by a number to indicate the region. Shellfish includes crustaceans and molluscs; echinoderms are also included in this category |
Halofytes: abbreviation H_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These crops are either coastal crops (so growing on land, but capable of being flooded or sprayed with salt water, ie Salicornia W), floating plants (which live in deeper water yet which head their flower heads come above water and also still have their roots in the ground, ie Nuphar lutea W), submerged (rooted) plants (which are entirely submerged yet are rooted in soil,...; ie coral, most seaweed), or submerged (not-rooted) plants (which are entirely submerged and are not rooted in soil,... ; ie most algae) |
Regions[edit | edit source]
For a map showing the location of the oceans and seas, see here Note that some fish mentioned may be anadromous
Region 1: Arctic ocean (from North Sea to Beaufort sea[1]) |
Region 2: North Atlantic Ocean (from Caribbean Sea to Aral Sea[2]) |
Region 3: South Atlantic Ocean (from the coast of Uruguay over to the western coast of South Africa to the coast of Liberia and the coast of French Guyana) |
Region 4: Indian Ocean (from west coast of South Africa to Coral Sea[3]) |
Region 5: North Pacific Ocean (from Phillipine Sea to Gulf of Alaska/Gulf of California[4] |
Region 6: South Pacific Ocean (from northern coast of New Zealand to the southern coast of Peru) and Southern Ocean (from Scotia Sea over the Tasman Sea and to the southern coast of Chili[5]) |
Names of the native organisms[edit | edit source]
F_1: atlantic salmon,[6] coho salmon,[7] Chinook salmon,[8] pink salmon,[9] chum salmon,[10] sockeye salmon,[11] Atlantic cod,[12] brook trout[13] |
SF_1: green sea urchin[14] |
H_1: badderlocks,[15] bladderwrack,[16] false Irish moss,[17] channelled wrack,[18] dulse,[19] gutweed,[20] Porphyra laciniata,[21] Fucus spiralis,[22] thongweed,[23] oarweed,[24] Saccharina latissima,[25] Irish moss[26] |
F_2: bigeye tuna,[27] European seabass,[28] black sea bass[29] |
SF_2: Paracentrotus lividus[30] |
H_2: gutweed,[31] Gelidiella acerosa,[32] Porphyra umbilicalis,[33] Fucus spiralis,[34] thongweed,[35] Saccharina latissima,[36] Irish moss[37] |
F_3: bigeye tuna[38] |
SF_3:[39] |
H_3: gutweed[40] |
F_4: bigeye tuna[41] |
SF_4: giant tiger prawn,[42] Holothuria scabra,[43][44] Acaudina molpadioides,[45][46] Actinopyga mauritiana,[47] Thelenota ananas[48] |
H_4: gutweed,[49] Gelidiella acerosa,[50] Sargassum echinocarpum,[51] Caulerpa lentillifera,[52] Sargassum swartzii[53] |
F_5: steelhead trout,[54] coho salmon,[55] Chinook salmon,[56] pink salmon,[57] chum salmon,[58] sockeye salmon,[59] bigeye tuna,[60] Pacific cod[61] |
SF_5: whiteleg shrimp,[62] giant tiger prawn,[63] Holothuria scabra,[64][65] Acaudina molpadioides,[66][67] Stichopus japonicus,[68] Isostichopus fuscus,[69] giant California sea cucumber,[70] red sea urchin[71] |
H_5: arame,[72] Eucheuma spinosum,[73] Kappaphycus alvarezii,[74] gutweed,[75] Gelidiella acerosa,[76] Gracilaria edulis,[77] hijiki,[78] kombu,[79] mozuku,[80] Porphyra yezoensis,[81] Porphyra tenera,[82] wakame,[83] Sargassum echinocarpum,[84] Sargassum cinetum,[85] Sargassum swartzii[86] |
F_6: southern bluefin tuna[87] |
SF_6: kina[88] |
H_6: carola,[89] cochayuyo,[90] gutweed[91] |
References[edit | edit source]
- ↑ Hence also includes Baltic Sea, Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Labrador Sea
- ↑ Hence also includes Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea, Caspian Sea
- ↑ Hence also includes Mozambique Channel, Arabian Sea, Andaman Sea, South China Sea, Celebes Sea, Java Sea, Timor Sea, Banda Sea, Arafura Sea
- ↑ Hence also includes East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea
- ↑ Hence also includes Wedell Sea
- ↑ Salmo salar native to the northern Atlantic Ocean; found mainly in the waters off Greenland to the northern eastern and western Atlantic coasts
- ↑ Oncorhynchus kisutch native to both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russian, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California
- ↑ Oncorhynchus tshawytscha native to the north Pacific Ocean and the river systems of western North America from California to Alaska. They are also native to Asian rivers ranging from northern Japan to the Palyavaam River in the Siberian far east.
- ↑ Oncorhynchus gorbuscha native to Pacific and Arctic coastal waters from the Sacramento River in northern California to the Mackenzie River in Canada; and in the west from the Lena River in Siberia to Korea. Populations in Asia occur to as far south as Hondo Island in Japan
- ↑ Oncorhynchus keta native from the Yukon River, Mackenzie River to the Amur River basin in Asia. They are found in the waters of Korea, Japan, Okhotsk and Bering seas, Laptev Sea, Beaufort Sea to California in the United States
- ↑ Oncorhynchus nerkanative from the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific to northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific, and as far north as Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west
- ↑ Gadus morhua native to the area between the Bay of Biscay north to the Arctic Ocean, including the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, Sea of the Hebrides areas around Iceland and the Barents Sea. It is also found in Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, and around both coasts of Greenland
- ↑ Salvelinus fontinalis native to a wide area of eastern North America (Georgia, Canada)
- ↑ Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis native to the northern waters all around the world including both the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans to a northerly latitude of 81 degrees and as far south as the Puget Sound (Washington State) and England.
- ↑ Alaria esculenta native to the vicinity of the United Kingdom
- ↑ Fucus vesiculosus native to the vicinity of the United Kingdom
- ↑ [http://www.marlin.ac.uk/speciesinformation.php?speciesID=3773 Mastocarpus stellatus native to the vicinity of the United Kingdom (mostly on the western side)
- ↑ Pelvetia canaliculata native to the region Iceland-Norway-UK-Netherlands
- ↑ Palmaria palmata native to the region Iceland-UK
- ↑ Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
- ↑ Porphyra laciniata native to Ireland, France
- ↑ Fucus spiralis native to UK, north America and coasts of western Europe
- ↑ Himanthalia elongata native to North Sea, Baltic Sea south to Portugal
- ↑ Laminaria digitata native to region from UK to France
- ↑ Saccharina latissima native from UK and Barents Sea to Spain
- ↑ Chondrus crispus native from UK and Iceland to Baltic Sea and southern Spain
- ↑ Thunnus obesus native to the open waters of all tropical and temperate oceans, but not the Mediterranean Sea
- ↑ Dicentrarchus labrax native to the waters in and around Europe, including the eastern Atlantic Ocean (from Norway to Senegal), the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea
- ↑ Centropristis striata native to eastern USA, from Maine to NE Florida and the eastern Gulf of Mexico
- ↑ Paracentrotus lividus native to the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic Ocean
- ↑ Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
- ↑ [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan
- ↑ Porphyra umbilicalis native to France, Italy, Egypt
- ↑ Fucus spiralis native to UK, north America and coasts of western Europe
- ↑ Himanthalia elongata native to North Sea, Baltic Sea south to Portugal
- ↑ Saccharina latissima native from UK and Barents Sea to Spain
- ↑ Chondrus crispus native from UK and Iceland to Baltic Sea and southern Spain
- ↑ Thunnus obesus native to the open waters of all tropical and temperate oceans, but not the Mediterranean Sea
- ↑ (Latin name) native to ?
- ↑ Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
- ↑ Thunnus obesus native to the open waters of all tropical and temperate oceans, but not the Mediterranean Sea
- ↑ Penaeus monodon native to Indo-West-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, as far as Southeast Asia, the Sea of Japan and northern Australia.
- ↑ Holothuria scabra native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean
- ↑ Holothuria fuscogilva native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean
- ↑ Acaudina molpadioides native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean]
- ↑ Holothuria fuscogilva native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean
- ↑ Actinopyga mauritiana native to the Indian ocean
- ↑ Thelenota ananas native to Indian ocean
- ↑ Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
- ↑ [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan
- ↑ Sargassum echinocarpum native to Indian ocean to Hawaii
- ↑ Caulerpa lentillifera native to Indian and North Pacific ocean
- ↑ Sargassum swartzii native to India, to Philippines, Korea, Japan, Indonesia,...
- ↑ Oncorhynchus mykiss native to tributaries of northwestern Mexico to North America and eastern Russia
- ↑ Oncorhynchus kisutch native to both sides of the North Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russian, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California.
- ↑ Oncorhynchus tshawytscha native to the north Pacific Ocean and the river systems of western North America from California to Alaska. They are also native to Asian rivers ranging from northern Japan to the Palyavaam River in the Siberian far east.
- ↑ Oncorhynchus gorbuscha native to Pacific and Arctic coastal waters from the Sacramento River in northern California to the Mackenzie River in Canada; and in the west from the Lena River in Siberia to Korea. Populations in Asia occur to as far south as Hondo Island in Japan
- ↑ Oncorhynchus keta native from the Yukon River, Mackenzie River to the Amur River basin in Asia. They are found in the waters of Korea, Japan, Okhotsk and Bering seas, Laptev Sea, Beaufort Sea to California in the United States
- ↑ Oncorhynchus nerkanative from the Columbia River in the eastern Pacific to northern Hokkaidō Island in Japan in the western Pacific, and as far north as Bathurst Inlet in the Canadian Arctic in the east and the Anadyr River in Siberia in the west
- ↑ Thunnus obesus native to the open waters of all tropical and temperate oceans, but not the Mediterranean Sea
- ↑ Gadus macrocephalus native to the area from the Yellow Sea to the Bering Strait, along the Aleutian Islands, and south to about Los Angeles
- ↑ Litopenaeus vannamei native to eastern Pacific Ocean, from the Mexican state of Sonora as far south as northern Peru.
- ↑ Penaeus monodon native to Indo-West-Pacific, from the eastern coast of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, as far as Southeast Asia, the Sea of Japan and northern Australia.
- ↑ Holothuria scabra native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean
- ↑ Holothuria fuscogilva native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean
- ↑ Acaudina molpadioides native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean]
- ↑ Holothuria fuscogilva native to the Indian ocean and north pacific ocean
- ↑ Stichopus japonicus native to the Pacific coastal waters of Japan, northeastern China, the Korean peninsula, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and Alaska
- ↑ Isostichopus fuscus native to western coast of the Americas, from northern Peru to Baja California, Mexico
- ↑ Parastichopus californicus native to the region between the Gulf of Alaska to Southern California
- ↑ Strongylocentrotus franciscanus native to the Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California
- ↑ Eisenia bicyclis native to the vicinity of Japan
- ↑ [http://www.faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/medicine.htm Eucheuma spinosum native to region east of Asia (ie Phillipines,...)
- ↑ Kappaphycus alvarezii native from Phillipines/Indonesia to FS Micronesia and Mariana Islands
- ↑ Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
- ↑ [http://www.algaebase.org/search/species/detail/?species_id=1865 Gelidiella acerosa native to Azores, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Gabon, Mozambique, islands in Indian ocean, Asia, Japan
- ↑ Gracilaria edulis native to Indonesia
- ↑ Sargassum fusiforme native to China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea
- ↑ Saccharina japonica native to Russia, Japan, Korea
- ↑ Cladosiphon okamuranus native to Japan
- ↑ Porphyra yezoensis native to Japan, China, Korea
- ↑ Porphyra tenera native to Japan
- ↑ Undaria pinnatifida native to Japan, Korea and China
- ↑ Sargassum echinocarpum native to Indian ocean to Hawaii
- ↑ Sargassum cinetum native to Hong Kong, Taiwan, Malaysia
- ↑ Sargassum swartzii native to India, to Philippines, Korea, Japan, Indonesia,...
- ↑ Thunnus maccoyii native to the open southern hemisphere waters of all the world's oceans mainly between 30°S and 50°S, to nearly 60°S
- ↑ Evechinus chloroticus native to vicinity of New Zealand
- ↑ Callophyllis variegata native to region New Zealand - Antartica- Argentina
- ↑ Durvillaea antarctica native to region southern New Zealand - Chili
- ↑ Enteromorpha intestinalis native to UK, North America, Carribean, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Fiji, Antarctica
Notes[edit | edit source]
- Marine eels (such as whitespotted conger,...) have not been included as they are not yet bred in captivity, and as a result are now in danger of becoming extinct. They can be included later-on, once the breeding issue has been resolved.
- Certain submerged plants can also provide extra oxygen to the water, allowing (certain) fish to survive if planted in the area, even if the water had low amounts of in oxygen; see Treatment ponds.
- In certain situations, it is possible to place seaweed and/or other marine farms in such a way that it obstructs areas behind the farm, preventing fishing at that location. This method could allow the creation of places where (the still young) fish can hide, a bit similar to mangroves. Off course, fishing should then also not be exerciced by the owner of the marine farm.
See also[edit | edit source]
- Native freshwater organisms by region - map of freshwater marine organisms
- Native crops by region - map of native crops
- Native beekeeping - maps of native honeybees, stingless bees.
- Animal husbandry
- Aquaculture - including suitable fish species for aquaculture by region.
- File:Oil crops.png - oil crops map.
- File:Indiginous fruits.png - map indicating the indigenous fruits and nuts per region.
- Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh
- Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh (original)
- Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh
- Tilapia Fish Farming Equipment and Suppliers
- Tilapia Fish Farming Notions
- Fish ladder
- Fish Hatchery and use of the Marsh
- Fish and Water Statistics & External links
- Fish and Water Statistics