Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 19:37, 16 April 2024

Source data
Type	Paper
Cite as Citation reference for the source document. Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce, Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 97, pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004 open access

With the aggressive cost reductions for 3-D printing made available by the open-source self-replicating rapid prototypers (RepRaps) the economic advantage of custom distributed manufacturing has become substantial. In addition, the number of free designs is growing exponentially and the development and commercialization of the recyclebot (plastic extruders that fabricate 3-D printing filament from recycled or virgin materials) have greatly improved the material selection available for prosumer 3-D printer operators. These trends indicate that more individuals will manufacturer their own polymer products, however, there is a risk that an even larger fraction of polymer waste will not be recycled because it has not been coded. The current limited resin identification code available in the U.S. similarly restricts closing the loop on less popular polymers, which could hamper the environmental impact benefits of distributed manufacturing. This paper provides a solution for this challenge by (1) developing a recycling code model based off of the resin identification codes developed in China that is capable of expansion as more complex 3-D printing materials are introduced, (2) creating OpenSCAD scripts based on (1) to be used to print resin identification codes into products, (3) demonstrating the use of this functionality in a selection of products and polymer materials, and (4) outlining the software and policy tools necessary to make this application possible for widespread adoption. Overall the results showed that a far larger resin code identification system can be adopted in the U.S. to expand distributed recycling of polymers and manufacturing of plastic-based 3-D printed products.

Highlighting[edit | edit source]

Cost reductions for 3-D printing give economic advantage to distributed manufacturing.
Number of free designs is growing exponentially.
Development and commercialization of the recyclebot improved the material selection.
This study developed recycling code model capable of expansion.
Created OpenSCAD scripts to print resin identification codes into products.

OpenSCAD Code[edit | edit source]

You need the following files to implement the code:

External Links[edit | edit source]

LDPE recycling on a bike with a RepRap from Taipei-based company Fabraft
UBC recycling of old prints with blender and liquid nitrogen http://web.archive.org/web/20140408053842/http://ubc-rapid.com/blog/?p=183
Filament By Filacycle Is 100% Recycled! - 3D Printing Industry 12-16-2014
Dr. Recare- nice concept to have automated plastic beach cleaner/3D printer make recyclebins
Haruna Hamod. 2015.Suitability of recycled HDPE for 3D printing filament. Arcada University of Applied Science. Thesis covering recycling HDPE to filament
Tisserat, Brent, Zengshe Liu, Victoria Finkenstadt, Branden Lewandowski, Steven Ott, and Louis Reifschneider. "3D printing biocomposites." 3D printing biocomposites
Closing the Sustainability Cycle with InnoCirlce Recycled 3D Printing Filaments - 3D Printing and Industry
Filament for bearings http://www.igus.com/wpck/11723/N14_4_1_iglidur_TriboFilament?C=US&L=en
Zhao, X. G., Lee, D., Hwang, K. J., Kim, T., & Kim, N. (2018). Enhanced mechanical properties of self-polymerized polydopamine-coated recycled PLA filament used in 3D printing. Applied Surface Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.257

In the News[edit | edit source]

A Call to Change Recycling Standards as 3-D Printing Expands - Michigan Tech News, Pans and Pots, Eureka Alert, Newswise, R&D Magazine, Phys.org,Environment Guru, Nanowerk, e-science news, Space Daily, Product Design and Development, 3D Printing Progress, Michigan ag Connection, Modern Plastics & Polymers, Innovation Toronto
Call to change recycling standards as 3-D printing expands - Science Daily
New & Improved Recycling Standards for the 3D Printing Era - 3D Printing Industry
Michigan researchers call for a change in recycling codes to benefit 3D printing - 3ders, 3DP Expo
Michigan Tech's new recycling codes cut costs of 3D printing - Waste Dive
New coding response to 3-D printing challenge - Recycling International
Recycling Makes 3-D Printing Even Cheaper - Laboratory Equipment
Adding Recycling Codes To 3D Prints - Hack-A-Day
Researchers Seek New Policy for 3D Printing Recycling - Liberty Beat
New Plastic Recycling Codes Could Turn 3D Printers Into Home Recycling Stations - Sustainablog
Technologies That Can Reduce Plastic Waste - Plastic Technologies
Recycling Standards May Need Revision as 3D Printing Expands - IHS Engineering 360
Recycling For 3-D Printing - Asia Pacific Equipment News

Page data
Authors	Joshua M. Pearce
License	CC-BY-SA-3.0
Language	English (en)
Related	0 subpages, 7 pages link here
Impact	716 page views
Created	March 2, 2015 by Joshua M. Pearce
Modified	April 16, 2024 by Felipe Schenone
Cite as	Joshua M. Pearce (2015–2024). "Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers". Appropedia. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
API queries	basic, semantic, html, files, more

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{MOST}}
+[[Image:PLA-symb.jpg|thumb]]
+{{Source data
+| type = Paper
+| cite-as = Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce, [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004 Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers], ''Resources, Conservation and Recycling'', '''97''', pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004 [https://www.academia.edu/11229348/Polymer_recycling_codes_for_distributed_manufacturing_with_3-D_printers open access]
+}}
+With the aggressive cost reductions for [[3-D printing]] made available by the open-source self-replicating rapid prototypers ([[RepRaps]]) the economic advantage of custom distributed manufacturing has become substantial. In addition, the number of free designs is growing exponentially and the development and commercialization of the [[recyclebot]] (plastic extruders that fabricate 3-D printing filament from recycled or virgin materials) have greatly improved the material selection available for prosumer 3-D printer operators. These trends indicate that more individuals will manufacturer their own polymer products, however, there is a risk that an even larger fraction of polymer waste will not be recycled because it has not been coded. The current limited resin identification code available in the U.S. similarly restricts closing the loop on less popular polymers, which could hamper the environmental impact benefits of distributed manufacturing. This paper provides a solution for this challenge by (1) developing a recycling code model based off of the resin identification codes developed in China that is capable of expansion as more complex 3-D printing materials are introduced, (2) creating [[OpenSCAD]] scripts based on (1) to be used to print resin identification codes into products, (3) demonstrating the use of this functionality in a selection of products and polymer materials, and (4) outlining the software and policy tools necessary to make this application possible for widespread adoption. Overall the results showed that a far larger resin code identification system can be adopted in the U.S. to expand distributed recycling of polymers and manufacturing of plastic-based 3-D printed products.
 {{MOST-RepRap}}
-[[image:PLA-symb.jpg|right]]
+== Highlighting ==
-==Source==
-* Emily J. Hunt, Chenlong Zhang, Nick Anzalone, Joshua M. Pearce, [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004 Polymer recycling codes for distributed manufacturing with 3-D printers], ''Resources, Conservation and Recycling'', '''97''', pp. 24-30 (2015). DOI:10.1016/j.resconrec.2015.02.004 [https://www.academia.edu/11229348/Polymer_recycling_codes_for_distributed_manufacturing_with_3-D_printers open access]
-==Highlighting==
 * Cost reductions for 3-D printing give economic advantage to distributed manufacturing.
 * Number of free designs is growing exponentially.
@@ Line 13: / Line 20: @@
 * Created OpenSCAD scripts to print resin identification codes into products.
-==Abstract==
+== OpenSCAD Code ==
-With the aggressive cost reductions for [[3-D printing]] made available by the open-source self-replicating rapid prototypers ([[RepRaps]]) the economic advantage of custom distributed manufacturing has become substantial. In addition, the number of free designs is growing exponentially and the development and commercialization of the [[recyclebot]] (plastic extruders that fabricate 3-D printing filament from recycled or virgin materials) have greatly improved the material selection available for prosumer 3-D printer operators. These trends indicate that more individuals will manufacturer their own polymer products, however, there is a risk that an even larger fraction of polymer waste will not be recycled because it has not been coded. The current limited resin identification code available in the U.S. similarly restricts closing the loop on less popular polymers, which could hamper the environmental impact benefits of distributed manufacturing. This paper provides a solution for this challenge by (1) developing a recycling code model based off of the resin identification codes developed in China that is capable of expansion as more complex 3-D printing materials are introduced, (2) creating [[OpenSCAD]] scripts based on (1) to be used to print resin identification codes into products, (3) demonstrating the use of this functionality in a selection of products and polymer materials, and (4) outlining the software and policy tools necessary to make this application possible for widespread adoption. Overall the results showed that a far larger resin code identification system can be adopted in the U.S. to expand distributed recycling of polymers and manufacturing of plastic-based 3-D printed products.
-==OpenSCAD Code==
 You need the following files to implement the code:
 * [[File:Recycling Symbols.scad]]
 * [[File:font.scad]]
 * [http://www.thingiverse.com/download:1144381 Teknik font library]
-==See also==
+== See also ==
 * [[Recyclebot]]
 * [[Evaluation of Potential Fair Trade Standards for an Ethical 3-D Printing Filament]]
@@ Line 31: / Line 38: @@
 * [[Ethical Filament Foundation]]
 * [[Plastic bank]]
+* [[Expanding the Consumer Bill of Rights for material ingredients]]
-==External Links==
+== External Links ==
-* [http://3dprintingindustry.com/2014/03/19/mobile-eco-3d-printing-station/ LDPE recycling on a bike with a RepRap] from Taipei-based company [http://www.fabraft.com/ Fabraft]
-* UBC recycling of old prints with blender and liquid nitrogen http://ubc-rapid.com/blog/?p=183
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160424042431/http://3dprintingindustry.com:80/2014/03/19/mobile-eco-3d-printing-station/ LDPE recycling on a bike with a RepRap] from Taipei-based company [http://web.archive.org/web/20200320134735/https://www.fabraft.com/ Fabraft]
-* [http://3dprintingindustry.com/2014/12/16/filament-filacycle-recycled/ Filament By Filacycle Is 100% Recycled!] - 3D Printing Industry 12-16-2014
+* UBC recycling of old prints with blender and liquid nitrogen http://web.archive.org/web/20140408053842/http://ubc-rapid.com/blog/?p=183
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160318165129/http://3dprintingindustry.com/2014/12/16/filament-filacycle-recycled/ Filament By Filacycle Is 100% Recycled!] - 3D Printing Industry 12-16-2014
 * [http://www.yankodesign.com/2014/12/31/a-beachs-best-friend/ Dr. Recare]- nice concept to have automated plastic beach cleaner/3D printer make recyclebins
-* Haruna Hamod. 2015.Suitability of recycled HDPE for 3D printing filament. Arcada University of Applied Science. [http://theseus32-kk.lib.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/86198/Thesis%20final.pdf?sequence=1 Thesis covering recycling HDPE to filament]
+* Haruna Hamod. 2015.Suitability of recycled HDPE for 3D printing filament. Arcada University of Applied Science. [http://web.archive.org/web/20160928103245/http://theseus32-kk.lib.helsinki.fi:80/bitstream/handle/10024/86198/Thesis%20final.pdf?sequence=1 Thesis covering recycling HDPE to filament]
 * Tisserat, Brent, Zengshe Liu, Victoria Finkenstadt, Branden Lewandowski, Steven Ott, and Louis Reifschneider. "3D printing biocomposites." [http://www.4spepro.org/pdf/005690/005690.pdf 3D printing biocomposites]
-* [http://3dprintingindustry.com/2015/02/27/close-the-sustainability-cycle-with-innocirlce-recycled-3d-printing-filaments/ Closing the Sustainability Cycle with InnoCirlce Recycled 3D Printing Filaments] - 3D Printing and Industry
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160524205036/http://3dprintingindustry.com:80/2015/02/27/close-the-sustainability-cycle-with-innocirlce-recycled-3d-printing-filaments/ Closing the Sustainability Cycle with InnoCirlce Recycled 3D Printing Filaments] - 3D Printing and Industry
 * Filament for bearings http://www.igus.com/wpck/11723/N14_4_1_iglidur_TriboFilament?C=US&L=en
+* Zhao, X. G., Lee, D., Hwang, K. J., Kim, T., & Kim, N. (2018). Enhanced mechanical properties of self-polymerized polydopamine-coated recycled PLA filament used in 3D printing. Applied Surface Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.01.257
-==In the News ==
+== In the News ==
-* [http://www.mtu.edu/news/stories/2015/march/call-change-recycling-standards-3-d-printing-expands.html A Call to Change Recycling Standards as 3-D Printing Expands] - Michigan Tech News, [http://www.pansandpots.org/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands/category/ Pans and Pots], [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/mtu-act031715.php Eureka Alert], [http://www.newswise.com/articles/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands Newswise], [http://www.rdmag.com/news/2015/03/call-change-recycling-standards-3d-printing-expands R&D Magazine], [http://phys.org/news/2015-03-recycling-standards-d.html Phys.org],[http://www.environmentguru.com/pages/elements/element.aspx?id=1937130 Environment Guru], [http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/gadget/newsid=39452.php Nanowerk], [http://esciencenews.com/articles/2015/03/17/a.call.change.recycling.standards.3.d.printing.expands e-science news], [http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/A_call_to_change_recycling_standards_as_3_D_printing_expands_999.html Space Daily], [http://www.pddnet.com/news/2015/03/changing-recycling-standards-3d-printing-expands Product Design and Development], [http://www.3dprintingprogress.com/articles/7596/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands 3D Printing Progress], [http://www.michiganagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=256&yr=2015 Michigan ag Connection], [http://www.mpponline.in/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3d-printing-expands/ Modern Plastics & Polymers], [http://www.innovationtoronto.com/2015/03/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands/ Innovation Toronto]
+* [http://www.mtu.edu/news/stories/2015/march/call-change-recycling-standards-3-d-printing-expands.html A Call to Change Recycling Standards as 3-D Printing Expands] - Michigan Tech News, [http://www.pansandpots.org/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands/category/ Pans and Pots], [http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-03/mtu-act031715.php Eureka Alert], [http://www.newswise.com/articles/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands Newswise], [http://www.rdmag.com/news/2015/03/call-change-recycling-standards-3d-printing-expands R&D Magazine], [http://phys.org/news/2015-03-recycling-standards-d.html Phys.org],[http://www.environmentguru.com/pages/elements/element.aspx?id=1937130 Environment Guru], [http://www.nanowerk.com/news2/gadget/newsid=39452.php Nanowerk], [http://esciencenews.com/articles/2015/03/17/a.call.change.recycling.standards.3.d.printing.expands e-science news], [http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/A_call_to_change_recycling_standards_as_3_D_printing_expands_999.html Space Daily], [http://web.archive.org/web/20150403073235/http://www.pddnet.com/news/2015/03/changing-recycling-standards-3d-printing-expands Product Design and Development], [http://www.3dprintingprogress.com/articles/7596/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands 3D Printing Progress], [http://www.michiganagconnection.com/story-state.php?Id=256&yr=2015 Michigan ag Connection], [http://web.archive.org/web/20160712122111/http://www.mpponline.in/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3d-printing-expands/ Modern Plastics & Polymers], [http://www.innovationtoronto.com/2015/03/a-call-to-change-recycling-standards-as-3-d-printing-expands/ Innovation Toronto]
 * [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/03/150317152336.htm Call to change recycling standards as 3-D printing expands] - Science Daily
-* [http://3dprintingindustry.com/2015/03/16/new-improved-recycling-standards-for-the-3d-printing-era/ New & Improved Recycling Standards for the 3D Printing Era] - 3D Printing Industry
+* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160425165141/http://3dprintingindustry.com:80/2015/03/16/new-improved-recycling-standards-for-the-3d-printing-era/? New & Improved Recycling Standards for the 3D Printing Era] - 3D Printing Industry
-* [http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150317-michigan-researchers-call-for-a-change-in-recycling-codes-to-benefit-3d-printing.html Michigan researchers call for a change in recycling codes to benefit 3D printing] - 3ders, [http://www.3dp-expo.com/yw/xwzx_show.asp?nid=1494 3DP Expo]
+* [http://www.3ders.org/articles/20150317-michigan-researchers-call-for-a-change-in-recycling-codes-to-benefit-3d-printing.html Michigan researchers call for a change in recycling codes to benefit 3D printing] - 3ders, [http://web.archive.org/web/20161020210719/http://www.3dp-expo.com/yw/xwzx_show.asp?nid=1494 3DP Expo]
-* [http://www.wastedive.com/news/michigan-techs-new-recycling-codes-cut-costs-of-3d-printing/375867/ Michigan Tech's new recycling codes cut costs of 3D printing] -  Waste Dive
+* [http://www.wastedive.com/news/michigan-techs-new-recycling-codes-cut-costs-of-3d-printing/375867/ Michigan Tech's new recycling codes cut costs of 3D printing] - Waste Dive
 * [http://www.recyclinginternational.com/recycling-news/8580/plastic-and-rubber/united-states/new-coding-response-3-d-printing-challenge New coding response to 3-D printing challenge] - Recycling International
 * [http://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2015/03/recycling-makes-3-d-printing-even-cheaper Recycling Makes 3-D Printing Even Cheaper ] - Laboratory Equipment
@@ Line 57: / Line 68: @@
 * [http://www.equipment-news.com/index.php/businessnews/item/237-recycling-for-3-d-printing Recycling For 3-D Printing] - Asia Pacific Equipment News
- [[Category: Polymers]]
+{{Page data
-[[Category: Plastic]]
+| title-tag = Recycling Codes for 3-D Printer Filaments
+}}
+[[Category:Polymers]]
+[[Category:Plastic]]
 [[Category:Recycling]]
 [[Category:MOST completed projects and publications]]
 [[Category:3D printing]]