Self-adjustable glasses literature review

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This literature review supports the following project:Reversing the Trend of Large Scale and Centralization in Manufacturing: The Case of Distributed Manufacturing of Customizable 3-D-Printable Self-Adjustable Glasses

J. Gwamuri, B. T. Wittbrodt, N. C. Anzalone, J.M. Pearce. “Reversing the Trend of Large Scale and Centralization in Manufacturing: The Case of Distributed Manufacturing of Customizable 3-D-Printable Self-Adjustable Glasses”, Challenges in Sustainability 2(1), pp. 30-40 (2014). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12924/cis2014.02010030 open access

The volume enclosed by the membranes is filled with a liquid of refractive index 1.579.

NPO

Commercial

Adlens, LTD.

http://web.archive.org/web/20131110063123/http://www.adlens.com:80/eyewear/

Articles concerning Liquid Filled Self Adjustable Lenses

http://scitation.aip.org/journals/doc/APPLAB-ft/vol_85/iss_7/1128_1.html

Peer Reviewed Articles by Joshua Silver

Self correction of refractive error among young people in rural China: results of cross sectional investigation

[1]M. Zhang, R. Zhang, M. He, W. Liang, X. Li, L. She, Y. Yang, G. MacKenzie, J. D. Silver, L. Ellwein, B. Moore, and N. Congdon, “Self correction of refractive error among young people in rural China: results of cross sectional investigation,” British Medical Journal, vol. 343, 1-10, 2011.
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153585/
  - The purpose of this article was to compare the use of Self Adjustable glasses and conventional methods for refraction in young people. They did this through a studty of 648 children in the age range of 12-18 in rural southern China. According to the results of the study,self refraction could reduce the number of trained professionals, expensive equipment and cycloplegia (paralysis of near focusing ability) in children.
  - 10% of children require refractive correction.
  - Myopia is the most common error among school children
  - The Liquid in the lenses has a refractive index of 1.579
  - the Glasses have a manufacturing cost of $19.00

The Child Self-Refraction Study: Results from Urban Chinese Children in Guangzhou

[1]M. He, N. Congdon, G. MacKenzie, Y. Zeng, J. D. Silver, and L. Ellwein, “The Child Self-Refraction Study: Results from Urban Chinese Children in Guangzhou,” Ophthalmology, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 1162–1169, Jun. 2011.
- http://www.aaojournal.org/article/S0161-6420%2810%2901046-8/abstract
  - Blocked by paywall

The Child Self-Refraction Study: Results from Urban Chinese Children in Guangzhou

M. He, N. Congdon, G. MacKenzie, Y. Zeng, J. D. Silver, and L. Ellwein, “The Child Self-Refraction Study: Results from Urban Chinese Children in Guangzhou,” Ophthalmology, vol. 118, no. 6, pp. 1162–1169, Jun. 2011.
- http://web.archive.org/web/20180205082918/http://www.vdwoxford.org:80/resources/Ophthalmology_inPress_He_The%20child%20self-refraction%20study%20-%20results%20from%20urban%20Chinese%20children%20in%20Guangzhou.pdf
  - This article's objective was to find the differences and similarities of visual and refractive outcomes between self refracting spectacles supplied by Adaptive Eyecare, noncycloplegic autorefraction, and cycloplegic subjective refraction.

Self correction of refractive error among young people in rural China: results of cross sectional investigation

M. Zhang, R. Zhang, M. He, W. Liang, X. Li, L. She, Y. Yang, G. MacKenzie, J. D. Silver, L. Ellwein, B. Moore, and N. Congdon, “Self correction of refractive error among young people in rural China: results of cross sectional investigation,” British Medical Journal, vol. 343, 1-10, 2011.
- http://web.archive.org/web/20180205082928/http://www.vdwoxford.org:80/resources/bmj.d4767.full.pdf
  - Identical to: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153585/

Self-optimised vision correction with adaptive spectacle lenses in developing countries

[1]M. G. Douali and J. D. Silver, “Self-optimised vision correction with adaptive spectacle lenses in developing countries,” Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 234–241, 2004.
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1475-1313.2004.00198.x/abstract;jsessionid=2AAA8FBA06B936BE46F2AC292D70E505.d04t03?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false

How to use an adaptive optical approach to correct vision globally

Silver, J. D., Douali, M. G., Carlson, A. S., & Jenkin, L. (2010). How to use an adaptive optical approach to correct vision globally. South African Optometrist, 62, 126-31.
- http://adaptive-eyewear.org/newscenter/downloads/resources/How%20to%20Use%20an%20Adaptive%20Optical%20Approach%20Paper.pdf
  - This article discussed the problem of bad eyesight in the developing world, an attempt to fix it through the use of adaptive liquid filled variable focus lenses, and whether or not someone can determine and correct refraction with the lenses.

Patents by Joshua Silver

Variable focus lens

C. Miksovsky, M. Newbery, A. Robertson, and J. D. Silver, “Variable focus lens,” WO2007049058 A307-Sep-2007.
- https://www.google.com/patents/WO2007049058A3?cl=en&dq=Joshua+Silver&hl=en&sa=X&ei=S1zlUealG6rXyAGa0IGAAw&ved=0CDkQ6AEwAA
  - This patent is for a variable focus lens. It describes in detail how the lens works.

Variable focus optical apparatus

J. D. Silver, “Variable focus optical apparatus,” WO2002063353 A215-Aug-2002.
- https://www.google.com/patents/WO2002063353A2?cl=en&dq=inassignee:%22Joshua+David+Silver%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=HV3lUcu7Mem0yAGPg4CYDw&ved=0CEQQ6AEwAg
  - This is a patent for a variable focus lens for use in spectacles.

Variable focus lens with a valve

J. D. Silver, “Variable focus lens with a valve,” EP1868013 B102-Jan-2013.
- https://www.google.com/patents/EP1868013B1?cl=en&dq=ininventor:%22Joshua+David+Silver%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=rFzlUZOGKYjMyQG9r4HoAg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA
  - This is a patent for the valve that is used on self adjusting lenses.

Refractive eyewear

R. E. Taylor, D. N. Crosby, O. F. Reading, J. Silver, and G. A. Storey, “Refractive eyewear,” WO2011135347 A103-Nov-2011.
- https://www.google.com/patents/WO2011135347A1?cl=en&dq=Joshua+Silver&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9V3lUbbpE8iWyAGc6oHADw&ved=0CEsQ6AEwAw
  - This is a patent for varaible focus lenses for use in spectacles by people.

Variable focus lens

C. Miksovsky, M. Newbery, A. Robertson, and J. D. Silver, “Variable focus lens,” WO2007049058 A203-May-2007.
- https://www.google.com/patents/WO2007049058A2?cl=en&dq=Joshua+Silver&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9V3lUbbpE8iWyAGc6oHADw&ved=0CFkQ6AEwBQ
  - Another patent for a variable focus lens. Tis one also describes, in great detail, how they are put together.

Refractive eyewear

R. E. Taylor, D. N. Crosby, O. F. Reading, J. Silver, and G. A. Storey, “Refractive eyewear,” US20130141690 A106-Jun-2013.
https://www.google.com/patents/US20130141690?dq=Joshua+Silver&hl=en&sa=X&ei=9V3lUbbpE8iWyAGc6oHADw&ved=0CGAQ6AEwBg
- - A patent for spectacles utilizing a variable focus lens.

Variable Focus Lenses

Silver, J. D. (2001). U.S. Patent No. 6,188,525. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.
- http://www.google.com/patents/US6188525?printsec=drawing&dq=JD+Silver
  - This goes into an explanation of the technology behind the Variable focus Lenses.
  - The liquid between the two elastic membranes is composed of Silicone Oil.

Online Searches

Google

Google Web Search(www.google.com):
- ininventor:"Joshua David Silver" (https://www.google.com/search?tbo=p&tbm=pts&hl=en&q=ininventor:%22Joshua+David+Silver%22)
- inassignee:"Joshua David Silver" (https://www.google.com/search?safe=off&hl=en&tbm=pts&q=inassignee%3A%22Joshua+David+Silver&oq=inassignee%3A%22Joshua+David+Silver&gs_l=serp.3...17517.17517.0.17883.1.1.0.0.0.0.79.79.1.1.0....0...1c.1.19.serp.EpXJzo1Ix3Q)
- Self Adjusting Lenses
- Self Adjusting Liquid filled Lenses
- Self Correcting Glasses

Google Patents
- Joshua Silver
- Joshua David Silver

Google Scholar(scholar.google.com):
- Self Adjusting Lenses
- Self Adjusting Liquid filled Lenses
- Self Correcting Glasses

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