TissueDB/Tissues/Cartilage
(Redirected from TissueDB/Tissues/Cricoid Cartilage)
Cartilage is a firm but flexible connective tissue that shapes and supports parts of the body where bone would be too rigid. Anatomists distinguish three types: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage. The cartilage matrix is the extracellular material of cartilage, made of collagen, proteoglycans and water. Hyaline cartilage forms the thyroid, cricoid and tracheal framework of the airway, the costal cartilages of the anterior chest wall, and the articular cartilage covering the bone surfaces inside synovial joints.
The builds documented on this page are airway and chest-wall cartilage rather than joint cartilage: the thyroid and cricoid cartilages of the larynx, the tracheal rings, and the costochondral junctions of the chest wall.
Materials
| Material | Visual | Tactile | Simulator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyurethane Foam | White UW Cricothyrotomy Simulator, D'Auria Cricothyrotomy Simulator | Compliant foam standing in for the cartilaginous tracheal rings. The source states "Tracheal cartilaginous rings from compliant foam" and "Foam strips were cut for the cartilaginous tracheal rings". | ||
| TPE 90A | Chest Tube Simulator (Brannan) | Thermoplastic elastomer 90A, used together with PVA, printed as single-unit flexible joints between the ribs and the sternum — the costochondral position. The source says: "In areas requiring flexibility, such as between the ribs and sternum, flexible joints were created as single units using thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) 90A as well as PVA." | ||
| 3D-printed trachea (print material not specified) | Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Calvo) | 3D-printed laryngotracheal model; palpable thyroid- and cricoid-cartilage landmarks, felt through the pork-belly skin overlay. Calvo prints the REAL CRIC trachea STL (TheAirWayApp_Pro_Final.stl; the airwaycollaboration.org address printed in the paper is no longer active); the print material is not stated in the source.[1] | ||
| Medical-grade silicone (hardness not stated in source) | Cricothyroidotomy Simulator (Gauger) | Thyroid and cricoid cartilages as integrated regions of the 3D-printed medical-grade silicone laryngotracheal model — the superior and inferior palpable landmarks of the cricothyroid membrane. Both are standard front-of-neck-access landmarks and are not separately named by Gauger 2018. The paper states the model was "produced with CAD and 3D printing from medical grade silicone".[2] | ||
| Medical-grade silicone, Shore 45 | Pediatric Front-of-Neck Access Simulator (Kovatch) | Thyroid and cricoid cartilages moulded into a single silicone tracheal model, cast from a 3D-printed mould of CT-derived anatomy of a 5-year-old child and embedded in a paediatric mannequin; both are palpable through the synthetic skin overlay. Content validity was assessed by expert airway faculty (n = 6); transfer to patients was not tested.[3] | ||
| Cardboard | Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Aho) | A separate piece of cardboard cut to the shape of the thyroid cartilage and taped to the Styrofoam tubing in the superior position — the upper palpable laryngeal landmark bordering the cricothyroid membrane. The source says: "A separate piece of cardboard was fashioned into the shape of the thyroid cartilage and taped to the Styrofoam."[4] | ||
| Zip tie | Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Aho) | Placed circumferentially around the Styrofoam tubing just below the cardboard thyroid cartilage — the lower (inferior) palpable laryngeal landmark, the cricoid ring. The source says: "A zip tie was placed circumferentially around the Styrofoam inferior to the 'thyroid cartilage' to simulate the cricoid cartilage."[4] | ||
| 3D-printed trachea model (open-access REAL CRIC STL) — filament, e.g. PLA, or resin | Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Kei) | Thyroid- and cricoid-cartilage landmarks integrated in the 3D-printed trachea model and palpated through the pork-belly skin overlay. Both cartilages are implied by the printed model and are not separately named by Kei 2019. Resin lasts more than 100 sessions; filament is cheaper but more brittle. The STL was made freely available by one of the Kei authors at airwaycollaboration.org. It is NOT shared with the White UW Cricothyrotomy Simulator, whose own source describes a tracheal tube of thin cardboard and prints only the cartilages.[5] | ||
| ABS | Injection Laryngoplasty Simulator (Lee), White UW Cricothyrotomy Simulator, D'Auria Cricothyrotomy Simulator | Rigid 3D-printing thermoplastic; prints the firm laryngeal cartilage framework (thyroid and cricoid landmarks). Lee prints this framework as a single piece on a Stratasys Fortus 250mc from the open-source University of Dundee / BodyParts3D laryngeal model; it carries the palpable landmarks for the thyrohyoid and cricothyroid injection approaches. ABS cannot be pierced, so a thermoplastic-polyurethane (TPU) framework is substituted where the transthyroid-cartilage approach must be simulated. The model was subsequently validated in a randomised controlled trial.[6][7] |
References
[edit source]- ↑ Calvo A, Ibañez Esteve C, Varela V, Gomez-Lopez L, Perdomo JM, Berge R, Gomar Sancho C. Design, application and evaluation of a cricothyrotomy model for a multidisciplinary simulation. An observational single centre study. Educación Médica 2021;22:305–310. DOI: 10.1016/j.edumed.2020.12.003.
- ↑ Gauger VT, Rooney D, Kovatch KJ, Richey L, Powell A, Berhe H, Zopf DA. A multidisciplinary international collaborative implementing low cost, high fidelity 3D printed airway models to enhance Ethiopian anesthesia resident emergency cricothyroidotomy skills. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 2018 November;114:124–128. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.08.040. PMID: 30262349.
- ↑ Kovatch KJ, Powell AR, Green K, Reighard CL, Green GE, Gauger VT, Rooney DM, Zopf DA. "Development and Multidisciplinary Preliminary Validation of a 3-Dimensional-Printed Pediatric Airway Model for Emergency Airway Front-of-Neck Access Procedures." Anesthesia & Analgesia 2020;130(2):445–451. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003774. PMID: 30234534.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Aho JM, Thiels CA, AlJamal YN, Ruparel RK, Rowse PG, Heller SF, Farley DR. "Every Surgical Resident Should Know How to Perform a Cricothyrotomy: An Inexpensive Cricothyrotomy Task Trainer for Teaching and Assessing Surgical Trainees." Journal of Surgical Education 2015;72(4):658–661. DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2014.12.012. PMID: 25703738.
- ↑ Kei J, Mebust DP, Duggan LV. The REAL CRIC Trainer: Instructions for Building an Inexpensive, Realistic Cricothyrotomy Simulator with Skin and Tissue, Bleeding, and Flash of Air. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019;56(4):426–430. DOI: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.023. PMID: 30685221.
- ↑ Lee M, Ang C, Andreadis K, Shin J, Rameau A. An open-source three-dimensionally printed laryngeal model for injection laryngoplasty training. Laryngoscope 2021;131(3):E890–E895. DOI: 10.1002/lary.28952. PMID: 32750164.
- ↑ Kostas JC, Lee AS, Arunkumar A, Han C, Lee M, Goel AN, Alrassi J, Crosby T, Clark CM, Amin M, Abu-Ghanem S, Kirke D, Rameau A. Validation of a 3D-printed percutaneous injection laryngoplasty simulator: a randomized controlled trial. Laryngoscope 2024;134(1):318–323. DOI: 10.1002/lary.30878. PMID: 37466294.
| Authors | Arturopelayo |
|---|---|
| License | CC-BY-SA-4.0 |
| Cite as | Arturopelayo (2026). "TissueDB/Tissues/Cartilage". Appropedia. Retrieved August 15, 2026. |