TissueDB/Materials/Felt
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License: CC-BY-SA-4.0 by Wolfmann
Felt is a non-woven fabric — fibres (wool or synthetic acrylic/polyester) matted and bonded together by heat, moisture and pressure rather than woven or knitted, so it has no grain and its cut edges do not fray. It is the same material as felted cloth (natural wool felt); synthetic acrylic or polyester felt is usually preferred in simulation for consistency and easy cleaning. It is sold as craft felt sheets (often coloured — for example red or white), industrial felt and wool felt, by the sheet or roll, at craft and fabric shops. In medical simulation its firm, uniform density suits planar tissue layers: as a fascia layer (stiffened with packing tape on both sides), as a muscle layer, and as an outer skin layer or wrap. You work with it by cutting to size, layering sheets, or backing it with tape, and by punching holes to anchor it under tension.
Tissues
| Tissue | Visual | Tactile | Simulator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Skin | Trocar Placement Simulator | Trocar Placement: white felt cut to the same size as the fascia layer (15.25 × 15.25 cm / 6 × 6 in) with a central hole for the umbilicus balloon is the untaped top skin layer. | ||
| Muscle | Trocar Placement Simulator | As red felt: two 15.25 × 5 cm (6 × 2 in) pieces tensioned across the pen holders as the abdominal-wall muscle layer. | ||
| Fascia | Trocar Placement Simulator | As white felt stiffened with packing tape on both sides: a 15.25 × 15.25 cm (6 × 6 in) square with corner holes for the pen holders. | ||
| Skin | UGHE Low-Cost Soft-Tissue Simulation Module | Felt covered with clear packing tape is the skin layer of both the abscess-drainage and the nodule-excision models, laid over an approximately 2 cm layer of pigmented gelatin standing in for the subcutaneous tissues. The source states that covering the felt in packing tape gave a firm surface for incision and increased the model's durability by holding the tissue layers together. Felt cost US$0.17 per model in Rwanda.[1] | ||
| (Structural — outer covering layer, role not assigned in the source) | Orthoplastic Reconstruction Simulator | A 45 × 10 cm felt piece punched with 5 holes on each long side, laid over the upper sponge and anchored to the board's side pegs with elastic bands. The build source describes only its size, placement and fixing, and assigns it no tissue.[2] |
References
- ↑ Wittenberg RE, Bryce-Alberti M, Shimelash NZ, Masimbi O, Kratky LE, Thompson AA, et al. Low-cost simulation models for soft-tissue procedures for medical student education in Rwanda. BMC Medical Education 2025;25(1):1271. DOI: 10.1186/s12909-025-07910-4. PMID 41034833. PMC PMC12487576. Licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.
- ↑ Orthoplastic reconstruction/Physical Simulator — the physical simulator of the Orthoplastic Reconstruction training module, part of the Global Surgical Training Challenge, developed by the AmoSmile team; Appropedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.