Bioconversion of Organic Residues for Rural Communities: Difference between revisions

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==Bioconversion of Organic Residues for Rural Communities== (UNU, 1979, 178 p.)

1. From the charter of the United Nations University
2. Foreword
3. Perspectives on bioconversion of organic residues for rural communities
   • Introduction
   • Sources of available nutrients
   • The most suitable materials for bioconversion
   • Characteristics of residues
   • Bioconversion systems
   • Physical and chemical treatments
   • Microbial conversion
   • The animal conversion phase
   • Summary
   • References
4. Availability of organic residues as a rural resource
   • (introduction...)
   • Discussion summary: Papers by van der Wal and Barreveld
5. Micro-organisms as tools for rural processing of organic residues
   • Introduction
   • Microbial utilization of mono- and di-saccharide residues
   • Microbial conversion of starchy residues
   • Microbial conversion of complex mixtures of compounds (Polysaccharides, Proteins, Lipids, etc.)
   • Microbial utilization of cellulose and ligno-cellulose residues
   • Algal culture as a source of biomass
   • Microbial utilization of silviculture biomass
   • Micro-organisms and marine and freshwater biomass
   • International studies on processing organic residues
   • References
6. Production of feed as an objective for bioconversion systems
   • Introduction
   • General characteristics
   • Manure as feed
   • Sewage-grown micro-algae
   • Conclusion
   • References
7. Environmental goals for microbial bioconversion in rural communities
   • Introduction
   • Health and water economy
   • Fertilizer and energy economy
   • Concluding remarks
   • References
   • Discussion summary: Papers by Porter, Berk and La Rivière
8. Strategies for developing small-scale fermentation processes in developing countries
   • (introduction...)
   • References
   • Discussion summary
9. Production of microbial protein foods on edible substrates, food by-products, and ligno-cellulosic wastes
   • Preface
   • Introduction
   • Contributions to the solution of nutritional problems
   • Development of protein-rich vegetarian meat substitutes in the western world
   • References
   • Discussion summary
10. The role of ruminants in the bioconversion of tropical byproducts and wastes into food and fuel
    • Introduction
    • Nutritional limitations in the use of tropical by-products and waste
    • Practical experience with tropical by-products and wastes as feed for ruminants
    • An integrated system for converting tropical feeds and byproducts into milk, beef, and fuel
    • References
    • Discussion summary
11. Possible applications of enzyme technology in rural areas
    • Introduction
    • Biocatalytic processes
    • Enzyme hydrolysis of manioc
    • Whole cell systems
    • Cellulose degradation and utilization
    • Transfer of enzyme technology to rural communities
    • Conclusions
    • References
    • Discussion summary
12. Indian experience with treated straw as feed
    • Introduction
    • Experience with straw treatment
    • Field testing and demonstration of straw treatment
    • General considerations
    • Summary
    • Annex 1. The energy efficiency of the two-stage, feed-fuel processing of straw in indian villages
    • Annex 2. Method of calculating the value presented in table 2 for the efficiency of naoh energy usage
    • Annex 3. Recommendations to farmers on the treatment of straw
    • Annex 4. Calculated efficiency of milk production by straw-fed village buffaloes
    • References
    • Discussion summary
13. Indian experience with algal ponds
    • Introduction
    • Cultivation of algae in wastes for feed
    • Problems of contamination
    • Cultivation of algae for biofertilizer
    • References
    • Acknowledgements
    • Discussion summary
14. Organic residues in aquaculture
    • Introduction
    • The range of production in aquaculture
    • The value of organic wastes
    • Direct feeding
    • Concluding remarks
    • References
    • Discussion summary
15. Biogas generation: developments. Problems, and tasks - an overview
    • Introduction
    • What is biogas?
    • Microbiology of CH4, or bio-methanogenesis
    • The biogas plant-some technical considerations
    • Environmental and operational considerations
    • Developments and processes for rural areas
    • Cost-benefit analyses
    • Health hazards
    • Bottlenecks, considerations, and research and development
    • References
    • Discussion summary
16. Mushroom production technology for rural development
    • (introduction...)
    • Materials and methods for growing mushrooms under natural or field conditions
    • Growing mushrooms under semicontrolled conditions
    • Results and discussion
    • References
    • Discussion summary
17. The combination of algal and anaerobic waste treatment in a bioregenerative farm system
    • Introduction
    • Algae production on organic wastes
    • The bioregenerative farm
    • References
    • Discussion summary
18. A continuous composting system for disposal and utilization of animal wastes at the village level
    • (introduction...)
    • Status of land utilization and disposal of animal wastes
    • A continuous composting system for land utilization of animal wastes at the village level
    • References
19. Bioconversion of fruit and vegetable wastes
    • (introduction...)
    • State of the art of bioconversion
    • Technical transfer
20. Integrated research on agricultural waste reclamation
    • Introduction
    • Production of yeast from soybean cooking waste at miso factories
    • Application of soy waste as koji substrate for rice miso manufacturing (5, 6)
    • Conclusion
    • References
    • Discussion summary
21. Solid state fermentation of starchy substrates
    • Introduction
    • Materials and methods
    • Agro-economic perspectives
    • Summary
    • References
    • Discussion summary
22. Production of single-cell protein from cellulose
    • Introduction
    • Experimental results
    • Discussion
    • Summary
    • References
    • Acknowledgements
    • Discussion summary
23. Analysis of energy cost of integrated systems
    • (introduction...)
    • Energy cost and energy requirement
    • Why energy analysis?
    • Net energy intensity
    • What criteria are offered by energy analysis?
    • Conclusion
    • References
24. Analysis of bioconversion systems at the village level
    • Introduction
    • Approach to bioconversion analysis
    • Some results and costs from integrated systems
    • Future development possibilities
    • Conclusions
    • Summary
    • References
25. Nutritional evaluation of bioconversion products for farm animals
    • Introduction
    • Testing procedures for determination of nutritional value
26. Bioconversion products: toxicology - problems and potential
    • (introduction...)
    • Summary
    • References
27. Nutritional evaluation in humans
    • Introduction
    • Evaluation of products of bioconversion for human consumption
    • Procedures for nutritional evaluation in humans
    • The evaluation of various food products
    • Concept of productivity
    • Conclusions
    • References
    • Discussion summary: Papers by van Weerden, Shacklady, and Bressani
28. Biomass from organic residues for animal and human feeding
    • (introduction...)
    • References
    • Discussion summary
29. Appropriate biotechnology - summary remarks
    • (introduction...)
    • References
30. Other UNU Publications
    • (introduction...)
    • Books