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Native crops should always be considered in [[agriculture]] and [[food security]], and should be picked wherever possible. They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propagation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in greenhouses, sterile crops, ...) non-indigenous crops may be a suitable option. | Native crops should always be considered in [[agriculture]] and [[food security]], and should be picked wherever possible. They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propagation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in greenhouses, sterile crops, ...) non-indigenous crops may be a suitable option. | ||
== | ==Crops by region== | ||
{{expand section}} | {{expand section}} | ||
[[File:Indigenous staple crops.png|thumb|upright=2|center|Indigenous staple, secondary and tertiary crops map. ''Map key required.'']] | [[File:Indigenous staple crops.png|thumb|upright=2|center|Indigenous staple, secondary and tertiary crops map. ''Map key required.'']] | ||
== | |||
==Types of native crops indicated== | |||
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==Regions== | ==Regions== | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[Native beekeeping]] - maps of native honeybees, stingless bees. | |||
* [[Animal husbandry]] | |||
* [[Native beekeeping | * [[Aquaculture]] - including suitable fish species for aquaculture by region. | ||
* [[Animal husbandry | * [[:File:Oil_crops.png]] - oil crops map. | ||
* [[Aquaculture | * [[:File:Indiginous fruits.png]] - map indicating the indiginous fruits and nuts per region. | ||
==References== | ==References== |
Revision as of 05:11, 1 August 2012
Why native crops ?
Native crops can be expected to fit the ecology of the region, and be able to grow in the climate and soil of the region. However, native crops may not always be as productive as the more popular domesticated counterparts or attain equally high prices. The latter is often a result of being not well known (and thus disliked) by the population (at least at first).
Native crops should always be considered in agriculture and food security, and should be picked wherever possible. They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. Especially where unwanted propagation, and contact to the outside environment can be reduced/eliminated (ie use in greenhouses, sterile crops, ...) non-indigenous crops may be a suitable option.
Crops by region
Types of native crops indicated
Primary crops: divided in primary crops carbohydrates (PC_C_) and primary crops protein (PC_C_). Both abbreviations are followed by a number to indicate the region. |
Secondary crops: abbreviation SC_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These are generally herbs, spices (most widely used kitchen herbs/spices) or crops for making beverages |
Supplementary (or tertiary) crops: TC_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These crops are generally sweet crops or sweeteners |
Regions
Region 1: East-Asia |
Region 2: Oceania |
Region 3: Central-Asia |
Region 4: West-Asia & South-Europe |
Region 5: North-Africa & South-Africa |
Region 6: Central-Africa |
Region 7: North-Europe, North-Asia & North-America |
Region 8: Central-America |
Region 9: South-America (north) |
Region 10: South-America (central) |
Region 11: South-America (south) |
Names of the native crops
PC_C_1: rice, foxtail millet [1][2] |
PC_P_1: soybean [3] |
SC_1: tea bush [4] |
TC_1: monk fruit [5][6] |
PC_C_2: yam[7], swamp taro [8] |
PC_P_2: |
SC_2: great morinda [9], common nutmeg[10] |
TC_2: sugarcane [11], Arenga palm[12], Asian Palmyra Palm [13], Nypa fruticans [14], True Sago Palm (for palm sugar production)[15], New Guinea Palmyra Palm[16][17] |
TC_2-1: coconut [18] |
PC_C_3: taro [19] |
PC_P_3: |
SC_3: black pepper [20], Hibiscus sabdariffa [21], lemon grass [22], Ceylon cinnamon [23], basil [24] |
TC_3: Indian date palm (for palm sugar production)[25], Caryota urens [26] |
PC_C_4: wheat, rye [27][28] |
PC_P_4: oat [29][30], wild pea [31], chickpea[32], lentil [33] |
SC_4: rosemary [34], spear mint [35], dill [36], coriander [37], saffron [38], anise [39], black and white mustard [40] |
TC_4: Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) [41][42] |
PC_C_5: pearl millet, barley [43][44] |
PC_P_5: |
SC_5: Kola nut [45] |
TC_5: African Palmyra Palm[46], Ake Assi's Palmyra Palm[47][48] |
TC_5-2:Borassus madagascariensis[49][50] |
PC_C_6: Sorghum bicolor, teff [51][52] |
PC_P_6: |
SC_6: coffee plant (coffea arabica, coffea robusta)[53] |
TC_6: |
PC_C_7: buckwheat [54][55] |
PC_P_7: Amaranthus hypochondriacus [56][57][58] |
SC_7: sassafras albidum [59], Ephedra [60] |
SC_7-2: rosa canina [61], small-leaved linden [62], valerian [63], chamomile [64], garlic/Allium longicuspis [65] |
TC_7: birch (Betula papyrifera var. humilis and Betula neoalaskana)[66], sugar maple[67] |
TC_7-2: honey (from Apis mellifera mellifera)[68][69][70], sweet cicely root[71],licorice [72] |
PC_C_8: maize [73] |
PC_P_8: Amaranthus cruentus [74][75][76][77] |
SC_8: vanilla [78] |
TC_8: sugar pine [79], Agave salmiana, Agave tequilana [80] |
PC_C_9: potato [81] |
PC_P_9: quinoa [82][83][84], Amaranthus caudatus [85][86][87][88], lima bean [89], peanut |
SC_9: Capsicum annuum [90], guarana [91] |
TC_9: Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni and other species [92][93], yacón syrup [94] |
PC_C_10: cassava [95] |
PC_P_10: |
SC_10: |
TC_10: |
PC_C_11: sweet potato [96][97] |
PC_P_11: |
SC_11: yerba maté [98] |
TC_11: |
See also
- Native beekeeping - maps of native honeybees, stingless bees.
- Animal husbandry
- Aquaculture - including suitable fish species for aquaculture by region.
- File:Oil_crops.png - oil crops map.
- File:Indiginous fruits.png - map indicating the indiginous fruits and nuts per region.
References
Note
- Sugar beet wasn't included as it is a selected species from Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima
Kombucha not mentioned as it can be made anywhere without danger of introducing a exotic species to the area (uses a bacteria or yeast)
- Coca (for coca maté) and kava not mentioned neither, despite being a important local drink. This, as they're mostly mind-altering substances rather than true drinks (unlike yeasted beverages (containing ethanol), they can cause vomoting, ... even when consuming small amounts)
- Finally note that many beverages (ie lemonade, ...) require fruit juice (often from citrus such as lime or lemon). Refer to the Fruits and nuts map for this, not btw that these too have low caloric contents (other citrus crops have higher caloric contents)
Further information
- See list of crops at this wikiversity webpage
- Lost crops of Africa book set
- ↑ Rice's origin= China, 3 locations along Yangtsekiang
- ↑ Foxtail millet origin=China (though somewhat more north than indicated)
- ↑ Soybean's origin=Korea
- ↑ Tea bush (var. sinensis) native to western Yunnan, while C. sinensis var. assamica is native to the warmer parts of Assam (India)
- ↑ Monk fruit native to china, near taiwan
- ↑ Luo han guo
- ↑ Yam's origin=Indonesia
- ↑ Swamp taro origin=melanesia
- ↑ Great morinda native to Southeast Asia (Indonesia) and Australia
- ↑ Common nutmeg native to the Banda Islands of Indonesia
- ↑ Sugarcane encompassing 37 species, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. Different species likely originated in different locations, with S. barberi originating in India and S. edule and S. officinarum coming from New Guinea
- ↑ Arenga pinnata palm native to tropical Asia, from eastern India east to Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines in the east.
- ↑ Borassus flabellifer native along the entire northern shores of the Indian Ocean, from the mouth of the Tigris to New Guinea, yet more dominant in region between Indonesia and Pakistan
- ↑ Nypa fruticans native within the Indomalaya ecozone -in southern Asia, Indochina, the Malesian region, and northern Australia-
- ↑ Metroxylon sagu native to western New Guinea
- ↑ Borassus heineanus native to New Guinea
- ↑ Borassus heineanus used probably as a same way as Borassus akeasi, so not for palm sugar
- ↑ Cocunut's origin: somewhere between northwest-South america and Melanesia
- ↑ Taro origin=between India & Bangladesh
- ↑ Black pepper native to Western Ghats of Kerala State, India
- ↑ Hibiscus sabdariffa native to tropical Asia, from India to Malaysia
- ↑ Lemon grass species native to Southern India, Sri Lanka
- ↑ Ceylon cinnamon native to Sri Lanka
- ↑ Basil native to northeast India
- ↑ Indian date palm native to southern Pakistan, most of India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh
- ↑ Caryota urens native to Sri Lanka, Singapore, Myanmar, and India
- ↑ Wheat origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
- ↑ Rye origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
- ↑ Oat origin=Fertile Crescent, Near East
- ↑ Oat having high comparitive protein content, thus usable as PC_P crop
- ↑ Pisum sativum elatius native to Bulgaria - Mediterranean basin, Near East. Earliest archaeological finds of peas come from Neolithic Syria, Turkey and Jordan.
- ↑ Chickpea native to the area around Persia and the Caucasus Mountains
- ↑ Lentils native to eastern Turkey, north Syria
- ↑ Rosemary native to the Mediterranean area
- ↑ Mentha cordifolia native to much of Europe and southwest Asia
- ↑ Dill native to southern Russia/East Europe
- ↑ Coriander native to southwestern Asia west to north Africa
- ↑ Saffron native to Southwest Asia, near Greece
- ↑ Anise native to the eastern Mediterranean region and Southwest Asia
- ↑ Black mustard native to southern Mediterranean region, white mustard (sinapis alba) native to the Mediterranean region and the Crimea
- ↑ Date palm native to Persian Gulf, near Syria
- ↑ Note that other data palms too exist, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_(plant) yet not all are used for human consumption
- ↑ Pearl millet origin=West Africa, near the Sahel strip
- ↑ Barley origin=Egypt
- ↑ Kola nut native to the tropical forests of West Africa
- ↑ Borassus aethiopum native to Sudan and the whole northern Sahelian border, in particular in the east an in savannah vegetation
- ↑ Borassus akeassii native to West Africa, ie Burkina Faso
- ↑ Borassus akeassii mainly used for preparing drinks, not for palm sugar
- ↑ Borassus madagascariensis native to Madagascar
- ↑ Sambirano Palmyra Palm also exists in Madagascar yet has no particular use, ref:Plant Resources of Tropical Africa: Vegetables by G. J. H. Grubben
- ↑ Origin sorghum bicolor= between Ehiopia & Sudan (also named Sudanese grass)
- ↑ Teff origin=Ethiopia
- ↑ Coffee native to Ethiopia
- ↑ Buckwheat origin=northern hemisphere
- ↑ http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/9/id/122/ Buckwheat origin=between Lac Baikal & Manchuria]
- ↑ Compararing protein crops
- ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
- ↑ Amaranthus hypochondricus origin=North America
- ↑ Sassafras albidum native to eastern North America, from southern Maine and southern Ontario west to Iowa, and south to central Florida and eastern Texas
- ↑ Ephedra funerea, Ephedra viridis and Ephedra nevadensis native to Nevada, California
- ↑ Rosa canina native to Europe, including Britain, northwest Africa and western Asia
- ↑ small-leaved linden native to much of Europe and western Asia
- ↑ Valerian native to Europe and parts of Asia
- ↑ chamomile native to Europe and Western Asia
- ↑ Allium longicuspis native to central and southwestern Asia
- ↑ Betula papyrifera var. humilis and Betula neoalaskana native to Alaska, northern Canada
- ↑ Sugar maple (used to make maple syrup) native to the hardwood forests of northeastern North America, from Nova Scotia west to southern Ontario, and south to Georgia and Texas.
- ↑ Apis florea and Apis andreniformis native to South and South East Asia (including the Philippines)
- ↑ Apis mellifera mellifera native to East-Europe
- ↑ Apis mellifera having 14 subspecies, see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeybee and http://www.imkerpedia.nl/wiki/index.php/Ondersoorten_van_de_Apis_mellifera
- ↑ Sweet cicely native to Europe
- ↑ Licorice native to southeastern Europe, near Romania/Bulgaria
- ↑ Maize's origin=Mexico
- ↑ Compararing protein crops
- ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
- ↑ Amaranthus cruentus origin=Central America
- ↑ Amaranthus cruentus origin=Central America
- ↑ Vanilla native to Mexico
- ↑ Sugar pine native to the mountains of the Pacific coast of North America, from Oregon through California to Baja California
- ↑ Agave salmiana and Agave tequilana native to central Mexico
- ↑ Potato origin=Peru
- ↑ Quinoa indiginous to Peru, protein content=14g/100g serving
- ↑ Quinoa origin=around Lake Titicaca
- ↑ Quinoa having high comparitive protein content, hence useful as PC_P_ crop
- ↑ Comparing protein crops
- ↑ Amaranth high in nutrients, useful as PC_P crop
- ↑ Amaranthus caudatus origin=Peru
- ↑ Amaranthus causates origin=south America
- ↑ Lima bean origin=Andes
- ↑ Capsicum species having a common ancestor which originated somewhere in the northwest Brazil - Colombia area
- ↑ Guarana native to the Amazon, in the region of Manaus and Parintins
- ↑ Stevia encompassing 240 species, native to subtropical and tropical regions from western North America to South America
- ↑ Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni is native to Paraguay
- ↑ Yacón native to lower Andes/Peru
- ↑ Cassava origin= west-central Brazil
- ↑ Sweet potato origin=South America
- ↑ Cassava's origin
- ↑ Yerba maté native to subtropical South America in northeastern Argentina, Bolivia, southern Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay