TissueDB/Tissues/Vocal Fold

The vocal fold (also termed vocal cord) is a paired structure within the larynx responsible for phonation, airway protection, and swallowing. Each vocal fold consists of a layered microstructure (epithelium, lamina propria, vocalis muscle) that vibrates during speech and can be affected by paralysis, atrophy, or lesions. Simulation of vocal fold tissue supports training in injection laryngoplasty, where material is injected percutaneously to medialise a paralysed fold and restore glottic closure.^[1]

Materials

Material	Visual	Tactile	Simulator	Notes
Ecoflex 00-20	Partial	Partial	Lee 2021	Endolaryngeal insert replicating vocal fold anatomy; Ecoflex 00-20 mixed 1:1, pigmented with Silc-Pig flesh tone, cast in a CT-derived PLA mould; expert-rated realism 4.3 on MiSSES.^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lee M, Ang C, Andreadis K, Shin J, Rameau A. An open-source three-dimensionally printed laryngeal model for injection laryngoplasty training. Laryngoscope 2021;131(3):E890–E895. DOI: 10.1002/lary.28952. PMID: 32750164.

At a Glance

Overview

Synonyms

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Authors	Arturopelayo
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Language	English (en)
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Created	April 19, 2026 by Arturo Pelayo
Last edit	July 11, 2026 by Arturo Pelayo
Cite as	Arturopelayo (2026). "TissueDB/Tissues/Vocal Fold". Appropedia. Retrieved July 15, 2026.
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[lee2021-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lee M, Ang C, Andreadis K, Shin J, Rameau A. An open-source three-dimensionally printed laryngeal model for injection laryngoplasty training. Laryngoscope 2021;131(3):E890–E895. DOI: 10.1002/lary.28952. PMID: 32750164.

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