TissueDB/Tissues/Rib
Rib is one of the curved flat bones of the thoracic cage that, with the intercostal spaces between them, forms the bony chest wall; in simulation ribs supply bone density and the intercostal landmark spacing needed for chest-wall procedures.
Materials
| Material | Visual | Tactile | Simulator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Porcine ribs | Multipurpose Thoracic Simulator (Carter) | A 4–5 rib porcine rack supplies bone density and the intercostal spaces for thoracentesis and chest-tube placement (Carter et al. 2010). | ||
| ABS plastic (3D-printed) | Thoracoscopic Diaphragmatic Hernia Repair Simulator (Barsness) | A to-scale 3D-printed neonatal rib cage provides the thoracoscopic port-placement landmarks (Barsness et al. 2013). | ||
| PLA with PVA support | Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan) | Bony scaffold of the thorax; the source prints ten ribs per side, the sternum, the two clavicles and the flexible spine in ivory PLA with soluble PVA support (Brannan et al. 2021). | ||
| Plaster Bandage | Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Man-O-War) | Plaster casting roll wrapped over the rib cores cut from the bucket wall; the source states the stiffened ribs "offer a real sensation of bones on palpation" (Nasri et al. 2023). | ||
| 3D-printed rib framework (material not specified by Bettega et al. 2019) | Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega) | 3D-printed rib framework from a chest CT scan. It gives the bony landmarks that orient the incision and the drain placement (Bettega et al. 2019). | ||
| Photopolymer resin (VeroWhite), molded in hard plastic | Cleft Palate Repair Simulator (Nicholas) | Reusable skeletal base of the cleft-palate model. The source's orientation diagram labels three bony parts on it — alveolar arch, palatal shelf and vomer (Nicholas et al. 2022, Supplementary Appendix 2). | ||
| Outer soft-tissue layer (material not specified by Bettega et al. 2019) | Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega) | Outer soft-tissue layer that the trainee incises and dissects. The source scores the skin incision and the blunt plane divulsion as steps done on the simulator (Bettega et al. 2019). |
- Bone — ribs are a form of bone
- Cartilage — costal cartilage joins the ribs to the sternum
- Muscle — intercostal muscle fills the spaces between the ribs
References
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