TissueDB/Simulators/Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Simulator (Kumar)
(Redirected from TissueDB/Simulators/SALAD Simulator (Kumar))
General Information
Suction-assisted laryngoscopy and airway decontamination (SALAD) keeps a soiled airway clear — continuous suctioning during ongoing emesis or haemorrhage, then endotracheal intubation through it. This simulator trains the skill at low cost by modifying a standard Laerdal airway management trainer (Kumar & Kumar 2024).[1] A 2-litre hand-held garden spray pump pushes coloured water — red or green, to represent blood or vomitus — up a kink-resistant PVC tube routed through the manikin's stomach and esophagus, flooding the hypopharynx and mouth with a continuous jet; a second, perforated tube drains it back out to a container. The trainee suctions the continuously soiling airway with a wide-bore Yankauer catheter and intubates through it.
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| General Information | A low-cost modification of a commercial Laerdal airway management trainer that reproduces a continuously soiling airway for SALAD practice (Kumar & Kumar 2024).[1] Two 2-metre kink-resistant PVC tubes run through the distal stomach — one delivers pressurised simulated contaminant from a garden spray pump up through the esophagus to flood the hypopharynx, the other (perforated over its first 15 cm) drains it — both secured with two zip ties. The lungs are removed for assembly and replaced afterwards, so the trainer still serves ordinary airway practice. |
| Features and Basic Operation | Low-cost, reversible modification of a commercial Laerdal airway management trainer, built from locally available equipment (medical-grade PVC tubing, a hand-held garden spray pump, zip ties, food colouring). Reproduces a continuously soiling airway at variable flow for suction-assisted laryngoscopy and decontamination practice. The simulated airway contaminant is 10 g of food colouring in 2 litres of water — red or green, to represent blood or vomitus. The lungs are replaced after assembly, so the trainer remains usable for ordinary airway training.[1] |
| Current Development Status | Built and tested; learner self-reported confidence only (4-point Likert scale), with no comparator, no pre/post measure, and no skill-transfer data.[1] |
| Estimated Build Time and Cost | Not stated by the source; described as easy to install.[1], No quantitative cost is stated by the source.[1] |
| Specialized Tools and Equipment | Wide-bore Yankauer suction catheter — the thumb port is taped over so suction runs continuously. Standard portable suction machine with PVC suction tubing. Endotracheal tube and laryngoscope (or video-laryngoscope) for the intubation step.[1] |
| Version | No version designation is stated by Kumar & Kumar 2024.[1] |
| Development Team Contact Information | Rajender Kumar (ORCID 0000-0002-5009-088X) and Rakesh Kumar (ORCID 0000-0002-7732-0112), Department of Critical Care and Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Dr Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College and Hospital, Rohini, New Delhi, India.[1] |
Tissues
| Tissue | Qty | Material | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oral cavity | 1 (manikin) | Laerdal airway management trainer — moulded oral cavity | — | Access route for the Yankauer suction catheter and laryngoscope into the soiled airway.[1] |
| Hypopharynx | 1 (manikin) | Laerdal airway management trainer — moulded hypopharynx | — | Where the delivered contaminant collects and the trainee practises continuous suctioning.[1] |
| Trachea | 1 (manikin) | Laerdal airway management trainer — moulded trachea and glottic inlet | — | The intubation target — the endotracheal tube is placed through the cleared, soiled airway.[1] |
Structural Parts
| Part Name | Qty | Material | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Laerdal airway management trainer | 1 (operator-supplied; reusable) | Commercial Laerdal airway management trainer manikin | — | The base manikin the modification is built onto; it stays usable for ordinary airway training once the lungs are replaced.[1] |
| Delivery tube (Tube-A) | 1 length of 2 metres | Clear flexible kink-resistant medical-grade PVC tube, 6.0 mm inner / 8.5 mm outer diameter (supplied with Yankauer suction catheter packs) | — | Carries pressurised contaminant from the spray pump up through the stomach and esophagus to the hypopharynx; its outer end joins the pump nozzle.[1] |
| Drainage tube (Tube-B) | 1 length of 2 metres | Clear flexible kink-resistant medical-grade PVC tube, 6.0 mm inner / 8.5 mm outer diameter, with five to six holes cut on alternate sides of the first 15 cm of one end | — | Drains contaminant out of the stomach to the container; the holed end sits inside the stomach.[1] |
| Zip ties | 2 | Standard cable ties | — | Secure both tubes at the distal stomach so the pressurised contaminant does not leak.[1] |
| Garden spray pump (2-litre) | 1 (reusable) | Hand-held 2-litre garden spray pump with a piston, a brass nozzle, and a pressure-release lever | — | Pressurises and delivers the contaminant as a continuous jet; the brass nozzle joins the delivery tube.[1] |
| Simulated airway contaminant | 10 g food colouring per 2 litres of water, per fill | Food colouring in water — red or green, to represent blood or vomitus | — | The soiling fluid the trainee suctions; tinted to represent blood or vomitus.[1] |
| Drainage container | 1 (operator-supplied; reusable) | Any container that accepts the drained contaminant | — | Collects the contaminant draining from the manikin.[1] |
Build Instructions
Phase 1: Prepare the manikin substrate
- Remove the lungs of the Laerdal airway management trainer to provide access to the stomach.
- Open the distal end of the manikin's stomach by removing its closure clip.
Phase 2: Insert the two PVC tubes through the distal stomach
- Insert the delivery tube (Tube-A) through the distal stomach and push it up the esophagus until the proximal end reaches the upper esophagus and hypopharynx.
- Insert the drainage tube (Tube-B) alongside Tube-A through the same opening; position it so that all five to six holes in the first 15 cm sit inside the stomach.[1]
- Secure both tubes at the distal stomach with two zip ties to prevent fluid leaking during pressurised delivery.
Phase 3: Connect the contaminant delivery line
- Attach the outer end of the delivery tube to the brass nozzle of the 2-litre hand-held garden spray pump.
- Fill the pump with simulated airway contaminant — 10 g of red or green food colouring in 2 litres of water, to represent blood or vomitus — and adjust the nozzle so that actuating the piston delivers a continuous jet rather than a sprinkle.
Phase 4: Route the drainage line
- Lead the outer end of the drainage tube into the drainage container so the contaminant pumped up Tube-A and returning through the holes in Tube-B is collected outside the manikin.
Phase 5: Replace the manikin lungs
- Reposition the lungs in their original place, restoring the trainer for ordinary airway management training once the SALAD session ends.
For learner-facing setup, operation, and reset between learners (inserting the wide-bore Yankauer suction catheter, suctioning continuously while the contaminant is delivered, and intubating through the soiled airway), refer to the corresponding SELF Module and to Kumar & Kumar 2024.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.16 1.17 1.18 1.19 1.20 1.21 1.22 Kumar R, Kumar R. An Indigenous Suction-assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Simulation System. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024;28(7):702–705. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24760. PMID: 38994267. PMC: PMC11234124. License: CC BY-NC 4.0.
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| Authors | Arturopelayo |
|---|---|
| License | CC-BY-SA-4.0 |
| Cite as | Arturopelayo (2026). "TissueDB/Simulators/Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Simulator (Kumar)". Appropedia. Retrieved June 4, 2026. |