TissueDB/Materials/Chalk

Chalk is a soft, white form of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), most familiar as inexpensive, widely available blackboard chalk sold in solid sticks. Ewald et al. embedded chalk sticks 10 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm between the layers of the polyurethane foam cover of their percutaneous renal access model, to simulate the density and firmness of ribs; the simulated rib is visible in the model's fluoroscopic image.^[1] The authors report a total cost of US$60 for one complete model, and record chalk itself as an insignificant cost.^[1]

Tissues

Tissue	Visual	Tactile	Recipe	Simulator	Notes
Bone			Chalk sticks 10 × 1.5 × 1.5 cm embedded in polyurethane foam layers^[1]	Ewald 2019	Stands in for rib density and firmness; the simulated rib is visible on fluoroscopy

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Ewald JM, Cheng JW, Engelhart SM, Wilkinson MC, Hajiha M, Wagner H, Baldwin DD. A realistic, durable, and low-cost training model for percutaneous renal access using ballistic gelatin. Turk J Urol 2019;45(1):31–6. DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.43569. PMID: 30668307.

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Authors	Arturopelayo
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Language	English (en)
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Created	April 19, 2026 by Arturo Pelayo
Last edit	August 11, 2026 by Arturo Pelayo
Cite as	Arturopelayo (2026). "TissueDB/Materials/Chalk". Appropedia. Retrieved August 23, 2026.
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[ewald2019-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Ewald JM, Cheng JW, Engelhart SM, Wilkinson MC, Hajiha M, Wagner H, Baldwin DD. A realistic, durable, and low-cost training model for percutaneous renal access using ballistic gelatin. Turk J Urol 2019;45(1):31–6. DOI: 10.5152/tud.2018.43569. PMID: 30668307.

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