Appendices[edit | edit source]
Appendix A: Skills for Development Facilitators[edit | edit source]
SKILLS FOR DEVELOPMENT FACILITATORS
I. Taking Preparatory Steps
In the preliminary stage of collaboration with a community or other group of people, the facilitator should:
A. Understand and be able to articulate his or her:
1. Motivation
2. Expectations of the experience
3. Strengths and weaknesses
4. Role as a facilitator
5. Individual values
B. Be sensitive to and able to identify:
1. Expectations of the local community or other group
2. Local culture and resources, including customs, values, knowledge and ways of life
C. Communicate in ways that demonstrate:
1. Active listening and observation skills
2. An ability to filter information
3. Skill in working cooperatively and in collaboration with others
4. An understanding of the participatory approach to development
5. An ability to synthesize and articulate information in ways that promote local selfreliance, integrity and well-being
D. Utilize appropriate on-going techniques for evaluating the preliminary stages of involvement
II. Establishing a Dialogue
In the next stage of involvement, the facilitator should:
A. Demonstrate skills in facilitation ant organization that include:
1. An ability to work with existing local social structures and groups
2. Stimulating active local participation
3. Motivating others to contribute their skills and knowledge
4. Planning and facilitating meetings, when appropriate
5. Sharing techniques for effective problem solving, team building and negotiating
B. Be able to examine, analyze and prioritize issues, concerns and needs within the local context
C. Understand and be able to articulate development issues in relation to local problems and strategies for change
D. Continue to develop skills in interpersonal communication, including:
1. Encouragement of local leadership, when appropriate
2. Building trust and confidence
3. Consultation (e.g., active listening, conferring and feedback)
E. Use on-going and appropriate techniques to evaluate the use of dialogue in community work
III. Planning with the Community
In planning for active community participation, the facilitator should:
A. Collaborate with the local community or group to identify:
1. Needs
2. Resources
3. Goals and objectives
4. Potential problems or limiting factors
B. Assist in the establishment of:
1. Project criteria
2. Plan of action
3. Methods of project documentation
4. Relationships with appropriate organizations and agencies to form a supportive network
C. Articulate the manner and extent of his or her involve ment of the development process
D. Use on-going evaluation methods to review the planning stage -
IV. Using the Dialogue Approach
Throughout the stages of community involvement, the facilitator should:
A. Demonstrate an understanding of non-formal education through the use of:
1. A variety of communication techniques
2. Problem-solving activities
3. Methods that motivate others to actively participate in the education process
IV. B. Stimulate project implementation through the use of local skills, knowledge and resources during:
1. Development and/or construction
2. Adaptation and modification
3. Utilization
4. Project review
C. Use on-going methods of evaluation to ensure that project implementation is consistent with the participatory approach to development
V. Evaluating the Process
In order to learn from, and improve upon the experience of working with a community or other group, the facilitator should:
A. Collaborate in the establishment and use of appropriate evaluation criteria and techniques.
B. Use a continuing process of evaluation to:
1. Review the level of local participation
2. Review methods-and approaches used during development work
3. Assess the level of local self-reliance and well-being
4. Analyze each phase of development work
5. Generalize and apply the knowledge gained to improve the participatory approach to development.
Appendix B: Two-Week Workshops[edit | edit source]
Two-Week Workshops:
EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION AND FUEL-SAVING COOKSTOVES
PEDAL/TREADLE POWER
SOLAR WATER HEATERS
SOLAR AGRICULTURAL DRYERS
The following calendar pages represent a suggested format for converting each of the four technical phases of this program into independent two-week workshops. In addition to technical sessions, each workshop contains selected core sessions related to training methodology, the role of the volunteer in development, health and nutrition, independent study, appropriate aids to communication and evaluation.
In designing each workshop, overseas trainers should consider the following recommended guidelines:
Review the entire manual carefully and choose core sessions which meet country-specific needs.
Wherever necessary, modify individual session procedures to account for the two-week format.
As a basic reference in carrying out all suggested group dynamics activities, refer to Phase I: Session 12, "Construction of Earthen Block Molds - A- Focus on Group Dynamics."
Review Phase I: Session 4, "Appropriate Educational and Learning Processes," and Phase I: Session 5. "Development of Facilitation Skills Criteria," and modify the procedures for both sessions so the objectives can be met in a four hour time period.
EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION AND FUEL-SAVING COOKSTOVES (Week One)
| DAY 1 | DAY 2 | DAY 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM | Sharing, Perceptions of Appropriate Technology: An Ice Breaker/Phase I: Session 1 | Global Energy Issues! Phase I: Session 14 | Traditional Methods of Cooking: An Introdution to Cookstove Technological/ | |
| Defining Expectations of the Community Technology Training Program/ Phase I: Session 2 | Construction of Earthen Block Molds - A focus on Group Dynamics/Phase I Session 12 | Fuel-Saving Cookstoves: Gathering Information / Phase II : Session 3 | ||
| PM | Group Resource Assessment/Phase I: Session 3 | Cookstove Design and Innovation/Phase II : Session 4 | ||
| Hollow Square/Phase I: Session 7 | Construction of Earthen Block/Phase I : 13 | Introduction to Independent Study/Phase III: Session 6 | ||
| DAY 4 | DAY 5 | DAY 6 | ||
| AM | Appropriate Educational and Learning Processes, Parts 1 and/or 2 (option)/ Phase I: Session 4 | Cookstove Operation, Function and Design Principles/Phase III: Session 7 | Cookstove Construction (continued)/Phase II: Session 10 | |
| Development of Facilitation Skills Criteria I (option)/ Phase I: Session 5 | Understanding the Cookstove Design Process and Soil Mixes/Phase II : Session 8 | |||
| PM | Environmental Health and Sanitation/ Phase II: Session 1 | Cookstove Construction Parts 1, 2 and 3/ Phase II Session 10 | ||
| The Role of the Volunteer in Development: The Definition of Appropriate Technology/ Phase II: Session 13 | ||||
| DAY 7 | DAY 8 | DAY 9 | ||
| AM | DAY 7 Cookstove Construction
(continued)/ Phase II: Session 10 |
Volunteer in Development: Part 1: Women in Development/Phase III: Session 19 | Basic Nutrition/Phase II: Session 23 | |
| Use of Appropriate Aids to Communication/ Phase III: Session 6 | Naternal ant Child Health, Part / Phase III: Session I | Other Responses to Fuel Scarcity/ Phase II: Session 18 | ||
| PM | Stove Promotion and Dissemination/ Phase II: Session 14
Independent Study. |
Evaluating Cookstove Efficiency/ Phase II: Session 16 | Charcoal Production and Stoves/ Phase II: Session 19 | |
| Explaining Completed Cookstoves/ Phase II: Session 15 | Diagnosing and Repairing Malfunctioning Cookstoves Parts 1 and 2/ Phase II: Session 17 | Design and Construction of the Second Stove, Parts 1, 2 and 3/ Phase Il: Session 21 | ||
| DAY 10 | DAY 11 | DAY 12 | ||
| AM | Design and Construction of the Second Stove (continued) Phase II: Session 21 | Cookstove Operation, Parts 1 and 2/ Phase II: Session 24 | Cookstove Information Resources, and Evaluating Cookstove training/ Phase II: Session 26 | |
| Independent Study and Clean-Up | Cookstove Development and Innovation/ Phase II: Session 25 | |||
| PM | Alternative Cookstoves Presentations/ Phase II: Session 22 | Appropriate Technologies for Health/ Phase III: Session 13 | Evaluation and Integration of training Themes, Parts 1, 2 and 3/ Phase I: Session 16 | |
| Issues and Methods in the Development and Diffusion of Appropriate Technology/ Phase V: Session 11 | ||||
PEDAL/TREADLE POWER (Week One)
| DAY 1 | DAY 2 | DAY 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AM | Sharing, Perceptions of Appropriate Technology: An Ice Breaker/Phase I: Session 1 | Global Energy Issues! Phase I: Session 14 | The Role of the Volunteer in Development: The Definition of Appropriate Technology Phase II: Session 13 |
| Defining Expectations of the Community Technology Training Program/ Phase I: Session 2 | Appropriate Educational and Learning Processes, Parts 1-and/or 2 (option, Phase I: Session 4 | Design Considerations for Pedal/Treadle/ Phase III: Session | |
| PM | Group Resource Assessment/Phase I: Session 3 | Development of Facilitation Skills Criteria (option)/ Phase I: Session 5 | Classical Mechanics: Principles of Pedal, Treadle Power/Phase III: Session 5 |
| Hollow Square/Phase I: Session 7 | Introduction to Pedal/Treadle Power/Phase III: Session 3 | Use of Appropriate Aids to Communication/Phase III: Session 6 | |
| DAY 4 | DAY 5 | DAY 6 | |
| AM | Food Issues! Phase II: Session 12 | Presentation of Designs/ Phase III: Session 10 | Construction of Pedal/Treadle Devices/Phase III: Session 11 |
| Part I: Familiarization with Parts and Tools, Part 2: Familiarization with the Bicycle (option) Phase III: Session 8 | Introduction to Independent Study/Phase II: Session 6
Independent Study |
||
| PM | Introduction to Design/Phase III: Session 9 | Maternal and Child Health Part 2/Phase III: Session 7 | |
| Volunteer in Development: Part 1: Women in Development/Phase III: Session 19 | |||
| DAY 7 | DAY 8 | DAY 9 | |
| AM | Construction of Pedal/Treadle Devices (continued)/Phase III Session 11 | Construction of Pedal/ Treadle Devices (continued)/ Phase III: Session 11 | Construction of Pedal/Treadle Devices (continued)/Phase III: Session 11 |
| PM | Issues and Methods in the Development and Diffusion of Appropriate Technology Phase V: Session 11 | ||
| Basic Nutrition/Phase II: Session 23 | Wind Technology/Phase IV: Session 12 | ||
| DAY 10 | DAY 11 | DAY 12 | |
| AM | Blacksmithing and Metalwork/ Phase III: Session 12 | Case Studies in Community Health/Phase III: Session 14 | Independent Study and Clean-Up |
| Construction of Pedal/ Treadle Devices (continued)! Phase III: Session 11 | Independent Study | Evaluation and Integration of Training Themes, Parts 1, 2 and 3/ Phase I: Session 16 | |
| PM | Presentation of Pedal/Treadle-Powered Devices/Phase III: Session 13 | ||
| Preparation for Pedal/ Treadle Presentations/ Phase III: Session 15 |
SOLAR WATER HEATERS (Week one)
| DAY 1 | DAY 2 | DAY 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| AM | Sharing Perceptions in Appropriate Technology: An Ice Breaker/Phase I: Session 1 | Introduction to Solar Water Heaters/Phase IV: Session 2 | Appropriate Educational and Learning Processes, Parts 1 and/or 2 1 (option)/ Phase I: Session 4 |
| Defining Expectations of Community Technology Training Program/ Phase I: Session 2 | Assessing Community Water Needs and Uses/Phase IV: Session 3 | Development of Facilitation Skills Criteria I (option)/ Phase I: Session 5 | |
| PM | Group Resource Assessment/Phase I: Session 3 | Introduction to Solar Water Heating: Determining Hot Water Demand/ Phase IV: Session 4 | |
| Hollow Square/Phase I: Session 7 | Global Energy Issues/Phase I: Session 14 | Environmental Health and Sanitation/ Phase II: Session 1 | |
| DAY 4 | DAY 5 | DAY 6 | |
| AM | Plumbing a Solar Water Heater/Phase IV: Session 5 | The Role of the Volunteer in Development: The Definition of Appropriate Technology/ Phase II: Session 13 | Use of Appropriate Aids to Communication/Phase III: Session 5 |
| Sizing a Solar Water Heater/Phase IV: Session 6 | Insolation Meter Construction/ Phase II: Session 9 | ||
| PM | Appropriate Technologies for Health/ Phase III: Session 13 | The Path of the Sun/Phase III: Session 2 | |
| Introduction to Independent Study/Phase II: Session 6 | Case Studies in Community Health/Phase III: Session 14 | Demonstration of a Technical Concept, Phase IV: Session 7 | |
| DAY 7 | DAY 8 | DAY 9 | |
| AM | Heat Transfer/Phase III: Session 16 | Construction of Solar Water Heaters/Phase IV: Session 10 | Volunteer in Development: Part 1: Women in Development/Phase III: Session 19 |
| Shade Mapping and Solar Siting/Phase IV: Session 8 | Construction of Solar Water Heaters (continued) /Phase IV: Session 10 | ||
| PM | Design of Solar Water Heaters/Phase IV: Session 9 | ||
| DAY 10 | DAY 11 | DAY 12 | |
| AM | Issues and Methods in the Development and Diffusion of Appropriate Technology/ Phase V: Session 11 | Construction of Solar Water Heaters(continued)/Phase IV: Session 10 | Independent Study and Clean-Up |
| Independent Study | Evaluation and Integration of Training Themes, Parts 1, 2 and 3/Phase I: Session 16 | ||
| PM | Construction of Solar Water Heaters (continued)/Phase IV: Session 10 | Presentation of Solar Water Heaters/Phase IV: Session 15 |
SOLAR AGRICULTURAL DRYERS (Week One)
| DAY 1 | DAY 2 | DAY 3 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AM | Sharing Perceptions of Appropriate Technology: An Ice Breaker/Phase I: Session 1 | Introduction to Agricultural Dryers/ Phase V: Session 1 | Global Energy Issues,, I Phase I: Session 14 | |
| Defining Expectations of Community Technology Training Program/Phase I: Session 2 | Tour of Solar Dryers/ Phase V: Session 2 | Solar Agricultural Dryer Procedures and Rules of Thumb/Phase V: Session 3 | ||
| PM | Group Resource Assessment/Phase I: Session 3 | Appropriate Educational and Learning Processes, Parts 1 and/or 2 (option)/ Phase I: Session 4 | Two-Hour Dryer Construction/Phase V: Session 4 | |
| Hollow Square! Phase I: Session 7 | Development of Facilitation Skills Criteria/ Phase I: Session 5 | Review of Existing Solar Dryer Plans/Phase V: Session 5 | ||
| DAY 4 | DAY 5 | DAY 6 | ||
| AM | Maternal and Child Health, Part 1/Phase III: Session 1 | Smoke Testing Solar Dryers/ Phase V: Session 6 | The Role of the Volunteer in Development: The Definition of Appropriate Technology Phase II: Session 13 | |
| New Technologies: Introducing Solar Dryers/ Phase V: Session 7 | ||||
| Insolation Meter Construction/Phase II: Session 9 | Design of Solar Agricultural Dryers/ Phase V: Session 8 | Introduction to Independent Study/Phase II: Session 6 | ||
| PM | The Path of the Sun/Phase III: Session 2 | |||
| Heat Transfer/Phase III: Session 16 | ||||
| DAY 7 | DAY 8 | DAY 9 | ||
| AM | Site Selection and Preparation/Phase V: Session 9 | Basic Nutrition/Phase II: Session 23 | Volunteer in Development: Part 1, Women in Development/ Phase III: Session 19 | |
| Construction of Solar Agricultural Dryers/ Phase V: Session 10 | Construction of Solar Agricultural Dryers (continued)/Phase V: Session 10 | Construction of Solar Agricultural Dryers (continued)/Phase V: Session 10 | ||
| PM | Practical Crying Tips/Phase V: Session 15 | |||
| Independent Study | ||||
| DAY 10 | DAY 11 | DAY 12 | ||
| AM | Nutritional Gardening/Phase V: Session 14 | Issues and Methods in the Development and Diffusion of Appropriate Technology/ Phase V: Session 11 | Presentation of Solar Dryers/Phase V: Session 19 | |
| Evaluation and Integration of Training Themes, Parts 1, 2 and 3/ Phase I: Session 16 | ||||
| PM | Dryer Assessment and Modification/ Phase V: Session 17 | Introduction to Cost Benefit Analysis/Phase V: Session 18 | ||
| Use of Appropriate Aids to Communication/ Phase III: Session 6 | ||||
| Independent Study | ||||
Appendix C: Bibliographies[edit | edit source]
KEY
* Distribute to Trainees. Denotes texts that should be purchased in sufficient quantities for distribution to all trainees.
Necessary for Trainers. Indicates essential resources that should be on hand as reference for trainers and/or for photocopying of selected parts for distribution to participants.
No asterisk indicates those publications which are recommended but not essential to carry out the program.
KEY: BIBLIOGRAPHY - PAGE 1
* Distributed to Trainees
Necessary for Trainers
Effective, if available
EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION AND FUEL-SAVING COOKSTOVES
Aprovecho Institute. Cookstove News, a quarterly. 442 Monroe Street, Eugene, Oregon 97402.
___. Guidelines on Evaluating the Fuel Consumption of Improved Cookstoves. Manual for USAID. Aprovecho Institute, 442 Monroe Street, Eugene, Oregon 97402. 1981.
* __ Helping People in Poor Countries Develop Fuel-Saving Cookstoves. GATE, c/o GTZ, Postfach 5180, D-6236 Eschborn 1, Federal Republic of Germany. (Free to development workers) 1980.
___. Retained Heat Cooking. (Available in February '82)
CEMAT. Project of Diffusion and Construction of Stoves Made of Sand and Mud in the Rural Area of Guatemala. Guatemala City, Guatemala: CEMAT, 1978.
Club de Sahel, CILSS. Energy in the Development Strategy of the Sahel: Situation - Perspectives - Recommendations. Paris: Club de Sahel, 1978.
Dutt, Gautam S. "Efficient Wood Burning Cooking Stove Literature." Princeton, NJ: Center for Environmental Studies, 1978. (Draft)
___. "Field Evaluation of Wood Stoves." A paper with special reference to Africa. Mt. Rainier, MD: Volunteers in Technical Assistance, 1981.
Earl, D. E. Forest Energy and Economic Development. London: Oxford University Press, 1975.
Eckholm, Eric P. Losing Ground. New York: W. W. Norton Co., Inc., 1976.
___ "The Other Energy Crisis: Firewood." Worldwatch Paper 1. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1975.
* Evans, Ianto and Michael Boutette. Lorena Stoves. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1981.
Evans, Ianto, Elisabeth Gern and Laurence Jacobs. Improved Cookstoves for Rural Senegal. Report to VITA, Mt. Rainier, MD, 1980.
Farallones/Aprovecho Institutes. Traditional and Improved Cookstoves from Around the World. A slide show presentation, 1981.
EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION AND FUEL-SAYING CCOKSTOVES
ffolliot, Peter and John Thames. Environmentally Sound Small Scale Forestry Projects. Tuscon, Arizona CUDEL & VITA, University of Arizona, 1982.
French, David. "Firewood in Africa." Discussion paper for the Africa Bureau Firewood Workshop, USAID Africa Bureau, Washington, O. C., 1980.
Frieson, Jerry. Cooking Simulation Tests. Eugene, Oregon: Aprotech Institute, 1981.
Geller, Howard S. "Cooking in the Ungra Area: Fuel Efficiency, Energy Losses and Opportunities for Reducing Firewood Consumption." A report to the Center for Application of Science and Technology to Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
___. "Rural Indian Cookstoves: Fuel Efficiency and Energy Loss." Paper for Center for the Application of Science and Technology to Rural Areas, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India, 1980. (Draft)
Hoskins, Marilyn W. "Community Participation in African Fuelwood Production, Transformation and Utilization." Paper prepared for Workshop on Fuelwood and Other Renewable Fuels in Africa, Paris. (Draft) Washington, D. C.: USAID Overseas Development Council, 1979.
___. "Women in Forestry for Local Community Development." Paper for AID Office of Women in Development, Washington, D. C., 1979.
Ki Zerbo, Jacqueline and Guido de Lepeleire. L'Amelioration des Foyers Pour l'utilisation Domestique du Bois de Feu: tees Possibilites et son Impact au Sahel, Report to CILSS and Club de Sahel, Paris, May 1979.
Karch, G. E. Carbonization. Report to FAO, Ziguinchor, Senegal, 1980.
Joseph, Stephen and Yvonne Shanahan, et. al. Compendium of Tested Stove Designs. Report by Intermediate Technical Development Group for FAO, 1980.
Lou Ma, Roberto. Evaluación de la Eficiencia y: Utilidad de Pequenas Cocinas a Lena para el Area Rural. Centro de Ingenieria, Cuidad Universitaria, Zona 12, Guatemala, 1981.
National Academy of Sciences. Firewood Crops. Washington, D. C.: NAS, 1980.
EARTHEN CONSTRUCTION AND FUEL-SAVING COOKSTOVES
Shaller, Dale V. "A Sociocultural Assessment of the Lorena Stove and its Diffusion in Highland Guatemala." Postscript in Lorena Owner-Built Stoves by Ianto Evans. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1979.
Shelton, Jay and Andrew Shapiro. The Woodburner's Encyclopedia. Waitsfield, VT: Vermont Crossroads Press, 1976.
United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization. Forestry for Local Community Development, Forestry Paper No. 7. Rome: FAO, 1978.
United States Department of Housing and Urban Development. Handbook for Building Homes of Earth. Report to USAID, Washington, D. C., 1979.
Volunteers in Asia. The Trans-Cultural Study Guide. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1978.
Volunteers in Technical Assistance. VITA Woodstove Packet: Designs of Woodburning Stoves. Mt. Rainier, MD: Volunteers in Technical Assistance (continually updated).
__. Wood Conserving Cook Stoves: A Design Guide. Mt. Rainier, MD: Volunteers in Technical Assistance, 1980.
__. Woodstove Project Bibliography. Mt. Rainier, MD: Volunteers in Technical Assistance (continually updated).
Weber, Fred. Reforestation in Arid Lands. Peace Corps Manual Series No. S. Peace Corps/VITA, 1977.
KEY
* Distributed to Trainees
Necessary for Trainers
Effective if available
PEDAL/TREADLE POWER
Cuthbertson, Tom. Anybody's Bike Book. Ten Speed Press,
Darrow, Ken and Rick Pam. Approoriate Technology Sourcebook, Volumes I and II. (Order through Appropriate Technology Project, Volunteers in Asia, Box 4543, Stanford, California 94305) 1978.
Fuglesang, Andres. Applied Communication in Developing Countries. Uppsala, Sweden: Dag Hammerskjold Foundation, 1977.
Hommel, Rudolph P. China at Work. MIT Press, 1969.
Jequier, Nicolas. Appropriate Technology: Problems and Promises, Part I. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1978.
Meriam, J. L. Mechanics. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1959.
McCullough, James. Pedal Power. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1977.
Reddy, A. K. "Criteria for the Selection of Technology" from Technology, Development and the Environment: A Re-appraisal. Nairobi, Kenya: U. N. Environmental Programme, 1979.
KEY:
* Distributed to Trainees
Necessary for Trainers
Effective, if available
SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Anderson, Bruce. The Solar Home Book. Total Environmental Action, Harrisville, NH, 1978.
Baer, Steve. Sunspots. Zomeworks Corporation, P. O. Box 712, Albuquerque, NM 87103 @ &5.00. 1975.
___. Pro and Breadbox Solar Water Heater Plans. Zomeworks Corporation, P. O. Box 712, Albuquerque, NM 87103.
Bainbridge, David. The Integral Passive Solar Water Heater Book. the Passive Solar Institute, P. O. Box 722, Davis, CA 95616. 1981.
Bennett, Robert. Sun Angles for Design. 6 Snowden Road, Bala Cynwyd, PA 19004. 1978.
Burton, John. Vertical and Horizontal Integral Passive Solar Water Heater Plans. 4708 Raley St., Sacramento, CA 95838.
Crabbe, David and Richard McBride, eds. The World Energy Book. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1979.
Fuglesang, Andres. Applied Communication in Developing Countires. Uppsala, Sweden, Dag Hammerskjold Foundation, 1977.
Ingalls, John D. Andragogy. U. S. Department of Health, Education & Welfare, Washington, D. C. 20201. 1973.
Leickie, Jim. Other Homes and Garbage. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1975.
Mazria, Edward. Passive Solar Energy Book. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1979.
Olgyay, Victor. Design with Climate. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Press, 1959.
Pett, Dennis. Audiovisual Communication Handbook. Oklahoma City, Okla: World Neighbors.
Pfeiffer, J. William and John E. Jones. A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human Relations Training, Vol. 1. University Associates Publishers & Consultants, 7596 Eads Avenue, LaJolla CA 92037.
SOLAR WATER HEATERS
Rudovsky, Bernard. Architecture Without Architects. New York: Doubleday, 1964.
U. S. Department of Defense. Magnetic Variation Map of the World. George E. Butler Co., 160 2nd Street, San Francisco, CA $5.00.
Volunteers in Technical Assistance (VITA). Village Technology Handbook. Mt. Rainier, MD: VITA, l978.
Willin, Edward. "Water Boiling in a Peruvian Town" in Health, Culture and Community, edited by B. Paul, New York:Russell Sage Foundation, 1955.
Wright, David. Natural Solar Architecture. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1978.
Wright, Frank Lloyd. Writings and Buildings. New York: Meridian Books, 1960.
KEY:
* Distributed to Trainees
Necessary for Trainers
Effective, if available
SOLAR AGRICULTURAL DRYERS
Brace Research Institute. A Survey of Solar Agricultural Dryers. Quebec, Canada: Brace Research Institute, Macdonald College of McGill University, 1975.
Brown, Lester. By Bread Alone. New York: Praeger Publishers (prepared for the Overseas Development Council).
Crone, Catherine D. and Carman St. John Hunter. From the Field. New York: World Education, 1980.
Darrow, Ken and Rick Pam. Appropriate Technology Sourcebook. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1981.
Harris, Kenton and C. L. Linblad. Post Harvest Grain Loss Assessment Methods. Washington, D.C: League for International Food Education.
ISES. "Proceedings of the Solar Drying Workshop" in Sun World magazine, Vol. IV, No. 6, 1980.
Jequier, Nicolas. Appropriate Technology: Problems and Promises, Part 1. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1978.
Lawand, T. A. "The Potential of Solar Agricultural Dryers in Developing Areas." Paper presented to the UNIDO Conference, Vienna, Austria, February 14-18, 1977. (Attachment V-1 in manual)
Lindblad, Carl and L. Druben. Small Farm Grain Storage. Mt. Rainier, MD: VITA, ?976.
Organic Gardening Staff, eds. Stocking Up: How To Preserve Foods you Grow Naturally. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, 1973.
Melanesian Council of Churches. Liklik Book: A Rural Development Handbook Catalogue for Papua New Guinea. Distributed by Liklik Book Information Center, Box 1920, Papua New Guinea. 1977.
Pett, Dennis. Audiovisual Communications Handbook Oklahoma City, Okla: World Neighbors.
"Solar Agricultural Dryers," a slide presentation by the Farallones Institute.
SOLAR AGRICULTURAL DRYERS
"Storage Requirements of Vegetables and Fruits" in Organic Gardening magazine. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press, September 1979.
Watt, S. B. Ferrocement Water Tanks ant Their Construction. London: Intermediate Technology Publications, 1978.
KEY:
* Distributed to Trainees
Necessary for Trainers
Effective, if available
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Articles and Books
Action/Peace Corps. Small Vegetable Gardens. Information Collection and Exchange Packet, Number 4. Washington, D.C., 1978.
___. "Culture Shock." Washington, D.C. 1978.
American Heart Association. A Manual for Instructors of Basic Cardiac Life Support. American Heart Association, 7320 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231. 1980.
American Red Cross. Multi-media Standard First Aid Instructor's Manual. 1978 revision.
Audy, Ralph. "Measurement and Diagnosis of Health" in Environmental/Mental Essays on the Planet as a Home, Shepard and McKinley, eds. Houghton Mifflin, 1971.
Benenson, Abram S., ed. Control of Communicable Diseases in Man. Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, 1975.
* Brownlee, Ann. Community, Culture and Care. St. Louis, MO: C.V. Mosby Co., 1978.
Child-to-Child Programme Newsletter. Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St., London WCIN 1EH England.
Eckholm, Eric. The Picture of Health: Environmental Sources of Disease. New York: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1977.
Goldman, Laura. Perspectives of Balance: A Study of Health Traditions in I luman, Ecuador. Washington, D.C.: National Technical Information Service, 1979.
Gussow, Joan, ed. The Feeding Web: Issues in Nutritional Ecology. Palo Alto, CA: Bull Publishing Co., 1978.
Hosken, Fran, ed. Women's International Network News, on circumcision, V4#1, 2, 3 and 4. 187 Grant Street, Lexington, MA 92173.
Huston, Peralta. Third World Women Speak Out. Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council, and New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979.
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Infant Formula Action Coalition (INFACT) Newsletter, 1701 University Ave. S.E., Minneapolis, MI 55414.
"International Crime of Genital Mutilation," Ms., Vol. 8-9, March 1980, pp. 65-69.
Jeavons, John. How to Grow More Vegetables. Palo Alto, CA: Ecology Action of the Mid-Peninsula, 1979 rev.
Jelliffe, D. K. Child Nutrition in Developing Countries Washington, D.C.: USAID, 1969.
Katz, O. and M. Goodman. Food: Where Nutrition, Politics and Culture Meet. Washington, D.C.: Center for Science in the Public Interest, 1976.
King, Maurice, F. King, D. Morley, H. J. L. Burgess and A. Burgess. Nutrition for Developing Countries. London ant Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Lappé, Frances Moore and Joseph Collins. Food First: Beyond the Myth of Scarcity. New York: Ballantine Books, 1977.
League for International Food Education. Small Scale Food Production. Workshop Proceedings, 1976. 1126 16th St. N.W., Room 404, Washington, D. C. 20036.
Logan, Michael and E. Hunt, Jr. Health and the Human Condition: Perspectives on Medical Anthropology. Massachusetts: Duxbury Press, 1978.
Oberg, Kalvero. "Culture Shock and the Problem of Adjustment to New Cultural Environments." Papers in applied anthropology. No date.
Paley, Arnold. Gardening for Better Nutrition. London: International Technology Publications, Ltd., 9 King Street, London UK. 1978.
Raphael, Dana. "Cultural Factors are Part of the Appropriate Technology for Weaning Foods." APPROTECH, Vol. 3, No. 4. pp. 9-10. IAAATDC, 603 E. Madison, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109.
Robertson, Laurel, Carol Flinders and Bronwen Godfrey. Laurel's Kitchen. Berkeley, CA: Nilgiri Press, 1976.
Samuels, Mike and Hal Bennet. The Well Body Book. New York: Random House, 1973.
HEALTH AND NUTRITION
Werner, David. "Health Care and Human Dignity: A Subjective Look at Community-based Rural Health Programs in Latin America." Palo Alto, CA: The Hesperian Foundation, 1976.
* ___. Where There is No Doctor. Palo Alto, CA:
The Hesperian Foundation, 1977.
___. "The Village Health Worker: Lackey or Liberator." Palo Alto, CA: The Hesperian Foundation, 1977.
Werner, David and Bill Bower. Helping Health Workers Learn. Palo Alto, CA: The Hesperian Foundation, 1981.
Wingate, Peter. The Penguin Medical Encyclopedia. Middlesex, England. Penguin Books, 1972.
World Health Organization. Appropriate Technology for Health Newsletter. 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
Films
Action/Peace Corps - ICE or OPTC. "Maragoli, Women of the Toubou." Washington, D.C.
Bullfrog Films. "Toast." A 16 mm color film. Oley, PA 19547.
Hesperian Foundation, The. "Health Care by the People." A 16 mm color film. Palo Alto, CA.
Institute for Food and Development Policy. "Food First." A cassette slide show. San Francisco, CA.
Shell Film Library. "Unseen Enemies." A 16 mm color film. 1433 Sadler Circle West Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46239.
United Nations Audio-Vidual Information Center on Human Settlements. "Water, the Hazardous Necessity." A 16 mm color film. 2206 E. Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada V6TIW5.
World Health Organization. Film #13, "Health for All: Sankofa Tradition and Development." Singer Sharrette, 52370 Dequindre, Rochester, Michigan 48063.
KEY:
* Distributed to Trainees
Necessary for Trainers
Effective, if available
THE ROLE OF THE VOLUNTEER IN DEVELOPMENT
Action/Peace Corps. Program and Training Journal, Vol. IV, No. 6. Washington, D.C.: Action/Peace Corps, 1977.
Bertrand, Jane. Communications Pretesting. University of Chicago: Media Monograph, Communications Laboratory, Community ant Family Study Center, 1978.
Borlaug, Norman. "Genetic Improvements" in The Feeding Web, Joan Dye Gussow, ed. Palo Alto, CA: Bull Publishing Company, 1978.
Bender, Tom. "Changing Possibilities" and "New Values" in Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond," Lane de Moll and Gigi Coe, eds. New York: Schocken Books, 1978.
Brush, Stephen. "Farming the Edge of the Andes." Natural History, 86(5), May 1977.
Buvinic, Mayra. Women and World Development, An Annotated Bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council, 1976.
Cain, Bonnie and John P. Comings. The Participatory Process: Producing Photo Literature. University of Massachusetts, Amherst: Center for International Education, 1977.
Ching, Frank. Architectural Graphics. New York: VanNostrand Reinhold, 1975.
* Darrow, Ken and Rick Pam. Appropriate Technology Sourcebook, Vols. I and II. Order from Volunteers in Asia, Box 4543, Stanford, CA 94305 (Order #ISBN 0917704-09-6)
* ___. Transcultural Study Guide, second edition. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1977 .
de Moll, Lan and Gigi Coe, eds. Stepping Stones: Appropriate Technology and Beyond. New York: Schocken Books, 197 .
DeVries, . "Extension, Training and Dialogue A New Approach for Tanzania" in Journal of Adult Education, ed. by Training for Rural Development, University of Dar es Salaam.
THE ROLE OF THE VOLUNTEER IN DEVELOPMENT
Eckholm. E. Losing Ground. Washington, D.C.: Worldwatch Institute, 1976.
Franke, Richard. "Miracle Seeds and Shattered Dreams in Java" in Natural History. 83(4), January 1974.
Freire, Paulo. Education for Critical Consciousness. New York: Continuum/Seabury Press, 1973.
___. Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Continuum/Seabury Press. 1981.
Fugelsang, Andres. Applied Communication in Developing Countries. Uppsala, Sweden : Dag Hammerskjold Foundation, 1 977.
Hoxeng, James. Let Jorge Do It. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, Center for International Education, 1 976.
Huston, P. Third World Women Speak Out. Washington, D.C.: Overseas Development Council, and New York: Praeger Publishers, 1979.
Ingalls, J. A Trainer's Guide to Andragogy: Its Concept, Experience and Application, rev. ed. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1973.
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. Sowing the Green Revolution. Ibodan, Nigeria, 1970.
* Jequier, Nicolas. Appropriate Technology: Problems and Promises, Part 1. Stanford: Volunteers in Asia, 1978.
Lappé, Frances Moore and Joseph Collins. Food First. New York: Ballantine Books, 1978.
Leiber, C. and J. Pettit. Aporopriate Community Technology: Training Materials. Washington, D. C.: Peace Corps, 1981.
Lockard, William K. Design Drawing Experiences, 4th rev. ed. Tuscon, Arizona: Pepper Publications, 1979.
NTL Institute for Applied Behavior Science. The Reading Book: Laboratories in Human Relations Training. Washington, D.C.: NTL Institute, associated with the National Education Foundation, 1969.
THE ROLE OF THE VOLUNTEER IN DEVELOPMENT
Peace Corps. Visual Aids: A Guide for the Peace Corps Volunteer. Washington, D.C.: Medical Program Division, Peace Corps, 1977.
Pett, Dennis. Audiovisual Communications Handbook. Oklahoma City, Okla: World Neighbors.
Pfeiffer, J. W. and J. E. Jones, eds. A Handbook of Structured Experiences for Human Relations Training. LaJolla, CA: University Associates Press, 1970.
Reddy, A. K. "Criteria for the Selection of Technology" from Technology, Development and the Environment: A Re-Appraisal. Nairobi, Kenya: U.N. Environmental Programme, 1979.
Schumacher, E. F. Small is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered. New York: Harper and Row, 1973.
Srinivasan, Lyra. Perspectives on Nonformal Adult Learning. World Education, 1414 Sixth Avenue, New York, NY 10019. 1977.
Walker, David S. Understanding Pictures. Amherst: Center for International Education, University of Massachusetts, 1979.
Warpeha, Paul. Perceptions of Technology: A Study of the Iluman Project. Washington, D.C.: National Technical Information Service, 1979.
Weeks, Daniel. The Photonovel, A Tool for Development. Washington, D.C.: Peace Corps, 19 6.
Volunteers in Technical Assistance. Village Technology Handbook. Mt. Rainier, MD: VITA, 19 8.
Batchelder, Donald and Elizabeth Warner. Beyond Experience. Brattleboro, VT: The Experiment Press, 977.
de Moll, Lane, editor. Rainbook. New York: Schocken Books, 1977.
Shirts, Gary. "Bafa Bafa." (CA game) Simile II, P. O. Box 910, Del Mar, CA 92014.
