Editing Emerging economic viability of grid defection in a northern climate using solar hybrid systems

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{{Source data
| type = Paper
| cite-as = Abhilash Kantamneni, Richelle Winkler, Lucia Gauchia, Joshua M. Pearce, [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.013 Emerging economic viability of grid defection in a northern climate using solar hybrid systems]. ''Energy Policy'' '''95''', 378–389 (2016). doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.013 [https://www.academia.edu/25363058/Emerging_Economic_Viability_of_Grid_Defection_in_a_Northern_Climate_Using_Solar_Hybrid_Systems free open access]
}}

{{MOST}}

High demand for [[photovoltaic]] (PV), battery, and small-scale [[combined heat and power]] (CHP) technologies are driving a virtuous cycle of technological improvements and cost reductions in off-grid electric systems that increasingly compete with the grid market. Using a case study in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, this paper quantifies the economic viability of off-grid PV+battery+CHP adoption and evaluates potential implications for grid-based utility models. The analysis shows that already some households could save money by switching to a solar hybrid off-grid system in comparison to the effective electric rates they are currently paying. Across the region by 2020, 92% of seasonal households and ~75% of year-round households are projected to meet electricity demands with lower costs. Furthermore, ~65% of all Upper Peninsula single-family owner-occupied households will both meet grid parity and be able to afford the systems by 2020. The results imply that economic circumstances could spur a positive feedback loop whereby grid electricity prices continue to rise and increasing numbers of customers choose alternatives (sometimes referred to as a "utility death spiral"), particularly in areas with relatively high electric utility rates. Utility companies and policy makers must take the potential for grid defection seriously when evaluating energy supply strategies.

Summary: J. Pearce. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/joshua-pearce/consumers-can-profit-from_b_10230420.html Consumers Can Profit from Leaving the Grid]. ''Huffington Post Green'' 5.31.2016.

{{Pearce publications notice}}

== See also ==

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* [[Levelized cost of electricity for solar photovoltaic, battery and cogen hybrid systems]]
* [[Performance of U.S. hybrid distributed energy systems: Solar photovoltaic, battery and combined heat and power]]
* [[The Potential for Grid Defection of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Using Solar Photovoltaic, Battery and Generator Hybrid Systems]]
* [[Review of solar levelized cost]]
* [[PV and CHP Hybrid System]]
* [[Hybrid photovoltaic-trigeneration systems]]
* [[Simulations of Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions from Low-Cost Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic and Cogeneration Systems for New Communities]]
* [[Photovoltaic plus combined heat and power]]
* [[PV and CHP Literature review]]
* [[Policies to Overcome Barriers for Renewable Energy Distributed Generation: A Case Study of Utility Structure and Regulatory Regimes in Michigan]]
* [http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2017/01/new-utility-program-helps-customers-go-off-grid.html Vermont Utility helping customers leave the grid for fixed monthly fee]
* [[Examining interconnection and net metering policy for distributed generation in the United States]]
* [[Economic viability of captive off-grid solar photovoltaic and diesel hybrid energy systems for the Nigerian private sector]]
* [[Energy Policy for Energy Sovereignty: Can policy tools enhance energy sovereignty?]]
* [[The energy crises revealed by COVID: Intersections of Indigeneity, inequity, and health]]
* [[A review of the value of solar methodology with a case study of the U.S. VOS]]
* [[Applying a Relationally and Socially Embedded Decision Framework to Solar Photovoltaic Adoption: A Conceptual Exploration]]
* [[Economics of Grid-Tied Solar Photovoltaic Systems Coupled to Heat Pumps: The Case of Northern Climates of the U.S. and Canada]]
* [[Decarbonizing rural residential buildings in cold climates: A techno-economic analysis of heating electrification]]
* [[Demonstration of the integrated rural energy planning framework for sustainable energy development in low-income countries: Case studies of rural communities in Nigeria]]
* [[Strategic Investment in Open Hardware for National Security]]
* [[Achieving 100% Renewable and Self-Sufficient Electricity in Impoverished, Rural, Northern Climates: Case Studies from Upper Michigan, USA]]
* [[Open source decarbonization for a sustainable world]]
* [[A Free and open-source microgrid optimization tool: SAMA the Solar Alone Multi-Objective Advisor]]
* [[Can grid-tied solar photovoltaics lead to residential heating electrification? A techno-economic case study in the midwestern U.S.]]
* http://www.utilityratewatch.org/

== In the News ==

{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:.5em"
! [[File:richelle.png|325px]]
|-
| [http://www.uppermichiganssource.com/content/news/UP-Energy-Conference-was-Held-in-Marquette-386876661.html Would You Live Off the Grid?] - TV6 & FOX UP
|}

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{{Page data
| title-tag = Economic Viability of Grid Defection in a Northern Climate
| part-of = MOST completed projects and publications
| keywords = Energy policy, Electric utility, Photovoltaic, Distributed generation, off-grid , Solar energy, Cogeneration, Electricity, Energy production, Heating and cooling, Heating, Cooling
| sdg = SDG07 Affordable and clean energy
| authors = Abhilash Kantamneni, Richelle Winkler, Lucia Gauchia, J.M.Pearce
}}

[[Category:Energy policy]]
[[Category:Solar energy]]
[[Category:Electricity]]
[[Category:Energy production]]
[[Category:Heating and cooling]]