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Species: ''R. divaricatum'' | Species: ''R. divaricatum'' | ||
There are 3 synonyms: | |||
* ''Grossularia divaricata'' (Douglas) Coville and Britton.<ref name=efloras /><ref name=potw /> | |||
* ''Grossularia irrigua'' S.Watson.<ref name=potw /> | |||
* ''Ribes suksdorfii'' A.Heller.<ref name=potw /> | |||
==Varieties== | ==Varieties== | ||
3 recognized | 3 recognized.<ref name=efloras /> Only latter 2 recognized by some.<ref name=potw /> | ||
'''''R. d. var. divaricatum''''' - White petals. Found in Britich Columbia, Oregon, and Washington state.<ref name=efloras /> | '''''R. d. var. divaricatum''''' - White petals. Found in Britich Columbia, Oregon, and Washington state.<ref name=efloras /> | ||
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From Latin ''divarico'' meaning "spread out" | From Latin ''divarico'' meaning "spread out" | ||
==Range== | ==Range== | ||
It is native to western North America, from British Columbia to California.<ref name=calscape /> | It is native to western North America, from British Columbia to California.<ref name=calscape /> It has been introduced and is established in the wild in Norway,<ref name=potw>[http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:284297-2 ''Ribes divaricatum'' Douglas (Plants of the World Online).]</ref> and the UK.<ref>[https://www.gbif.org/species/2986132 Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species.]</ref> | ||
==History == | ==History == | ||
Some Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest foraged the berries.<ref name=calscape /> The bark and other parts had medicinal uses. | Some Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest foraged the berries.<ref name=calscape /> The bark and other parts had medicinal uses.<ref name=calscape /> The first published description of this species was by David Douglas in 1830.<ref>Transactions, of the Horticultural Society of London, 7: 515. 1830.</ref> | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
Mature height approximately 1.7 - 3.4 m tall with a maximum spread of 1 - 1.5m.<ref name=calscape /><ref name=crawford2016 /> Deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub.<ref name=crawford2016>Crawford, M (2016). [https://www.worldcat.org/title/creating-a-forest-garden-working-with-nature-to-grow-edible-crops/oclc/1041938577&referer=brief_results Creating a Forest Garden: working with nature to grow edible crops]. Green Books. ISBN 9781900322621.</ref> The woody branches have 0 - 3 woody thorns at each leaf node.<ref name=calscape /> | Mature height approximately 1.7 - 3.4 m tall with a maximum spread of 1 - 1.5m.<ref name=calscape /><ref name=crawford2016 /> Deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub.<ref name=crawford2016>Crawford, M (2016). [https://www.worldcat.org/title/creating-a-forest-garden-working-with-nature-to-grow-edible-crops/oclc/1041938577&referer=brief_results Creating a Forest Garden: working with nature to grow edible crops]. Green Books. ISBN 9781900322621.</ref> The woody branches have 0 - 3 woody thorns at each leaf node.<ref name=calscape /> |
Revision as of 18:23, 19 March 2019
Template:Italic title This article discusses cultivation, uses and preservation of Ribes divaricatum.
Taxonomy
Family: Grossulariaceae
Genus: Ribes
Species: R. divaricatum
There are 3 synonyms:
- Grossularia divaricata (Douglas) Coville and Britton.[1][2]
- Grossularia irrigua S.Watson.[2]
- Ribes suksdorfii A.Heller.[2]
Varieties
3 recognized.[1] Only latter 2 recognized by some.[2]
R. d. var. divaricatum - White petals. Found in Britich Columbia, Oregon, and Washington state.[1]
R. d. var. parishii - Also termed Ribes parishii, or Grossularia parishii,[1] common name "Parish’s gooseberry ". Petals pink to red.[1] Last seen 1980, thought to be extinct due to dry years, altered stream flows, human‐caused fires, habitat loss, and invasive species.[3]
R. d. var. pubiflorum - White petals. Found in Oregon and California, USA.[1]
Common names
- Spreading-branched gooseberry (Royal Horticultural Society accepted name).[4]
- Spreading gooseberry.[5]
- Worcesterberry.[4]
- North American Worcesterberry.[5]
- Coast(al) Black Gooseberry.[5]
- Straggly gooseberry.[5]
- Coast Gooseberry.[6]
- Wild Black Gooseberry.[6]
- Wild Gooseberry.[7]
- Oregon Stachelbeere.[6]
Etymology
From Latin divarico meaning "spread out"
Range
It is native to western North America, from British Columbia to California.[7] It has been introduced and is established in the wild in Norway,[2] and the UK.[8]
History
Some Native American groups of the Pacific Northwest foraged the berries.[7] The bark and other parts had medicinal uses.[7] The first published description of this species was by David Douglas in 1830.[9]
Morphology
Mature height approximately 1.7 - 3.4 m tall with a maximum spread of 1 - 1.5m.[7][10] Deciduous, multi-stemmed shrub.[10] The woody branches have 0 - 3 woody thorns at each leaf node.[7]
From the leaf nodes, Leaves are borne on 1 - 3cm long petioles and are palmate and edged with teeth, and are up to 6cm long.[7][1]
The flowers take the form of small, hanging flower clusters,[7] or single flowers each of 2 - 4 cm in length.[1] They are greenish - purple.[10] with long, protruding stamen resembling fushias.[7]
Fruit is purplish-black (when ripe), subglobose (nearly round), and glabrous (hairless). Each fruit is 6 - 12mm in diameter.[1]
Behaviour
Growth habit is of a shrub. It is perennial and deciduous, becoming dormant in winter but with persistent woody stems above ground.
Reproduction
Flowering occurs in Spring.[7] Self-fertile (one plant will fruit by itself).[10]
Hardiness
USDA Hardiness Zone 4.[10]
Soil Type
Tolerates most soil types.[10] Ideal soil type is moisture retentive but well-drained loam.[7]
Soil pH
Tolerance range is 4.8 - 8.2.[7]
Shade Preference
Full sun.[10]
Shade Tolerance
Tolerates moderate shade (approximately 20% shade / 1-2 hours of direct sun).[10]
Aspect
Exposure
Propagation
Hardwood cuttings (i.e. from fully matured stems) can be taken in late autumn (during dormancy).[10]
The shrub can send out suckers, which can be propagated by carefully digging out the root and cutting it from the main plant.
Maintenance
The plant is moderately easy to care for.[7]
Watering
Low water requirements.[7]
Pruning
Problems
Harvest
Berries start green and turn black when ripe.
Preservation
Uses
- Fruit - fruits are edible by humans
- Hedging - large thorns can make this plant suitable in hedges to deter animals,[10] such as deer.[7]
- Bee plant - attracts bees and other insect pollinators.[10]
- Attracts other wildlife - e.g. butterflies and brids.[7]
- Cultivation of crosses and hybrids - e.g. R. divaricatum was used in the creation of the "Jostaberry" plant.W
- Graft stock for gooseberries and currants.[6]
Nutritional Values
Cooking
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Ribes divaricatum (eFloras.org).
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Ribes divaricatum Douglas (Plants of the World Online).
- ↑ Rejmánek, M. Vascular plant extinctions in California: A critical assessment. Diversity and Distributions. 2018; 24: 129– 136. https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12665.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Ribes divaricatum (Royal Horticultural Society.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ribes divaricatum (Plants For A Future).
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Wiersema, JH; León, B (2016). World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference. CRC Books. ISBN 9781466576810.
- ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 Spreading Gooseberry (Calscape).
- ↑ Global Register of Introduced and Invasive Species.
- ↑ Transactions, of the Horticultural Society of London, 7: 515. 1830.
- ↑ 10.00 10.01 10.02 10.03 10.04 10.05 10.06 10.07 10.08 10.09 10.10 Crawford, M (2016). Creating a Forest Garden: working with nature to grow edible crops. Green Books. ISBN 9781900322621.