Main page
New page
Upload file
Help
Community portal
Recent changes
Talk
Contributions
Create account
Enable dark mode
Enable read mode
Log in
View history
What links here
Related changes
Page information
Editing
Practivistas rainwater 2014/Literature Review
(section)
From Appropedia
Warning!
You are not logged in.
Log in
or
create an account
to have your edits attributed to your username rather than your IP, along with other benefits.
Anti-spam check. Do
not
fill this in!
== Roofing Basics == "Rainwater collected from a rooftop rainwater harvesting (RWH) system is typically not considered suitable for potable uses, primarily because of poor microbial quality. The quality of stored rainwater, however, can be improved through basic design and maintenance practices during the construction and operation of an RWH system. This paper presents the microbial analysis of rainwater in two RWH systems installed at the Seoul National University Campus in South Korea. Rainwater samples were collected at different locations within each system and analyzed for total and fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and heterotrophic plate count bacteria. Within their storage tanks, water quality improved horizontally from inlet to outlet points, and higher quality was observed at the supply point (located about 0.5 m from the base of the tank) than at the surface or bottom of the tank. First-flush rainwater was found to be highly contaminated but rainwater quality improved following about 1 mm of precipitation. The catchment surface also had a significant effect on the quality of rainwater; samples collected from a rooftop exhibited better microbial quality than from a terrace catchment. Better water quality in underground tanks (dark storage conditions) compared to open weirs/ filters (exposed to natural light) demonstrated the importance of storage conditions. Water quality also improved with longer storage, and a decrease of 70% to 90% in microbial concentrations was observed after about 1 week of storage time. The findings of this study demonstrate that the microbial quality of harvested rainwater can be improved significantly by the adoption of proper design and maintenance guidelines."<ref>"Result Filters." National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 06 June 2014.</ref><ref>"Tucson Water." Single Family Residential Rainwater Harvesting Incentives/Rebate Program. City of Tucson, n.d. Web. 06 June 2014.</ref> Reference for table.<ref>"Water." Rainwater Harvesting Information. City of San Diego, n.d. Web. 06 June 2014.</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! Topic ! Description |- | Catchment Surface | "rooftop or other raised solid surface. The best catchment systems have hard, smooth surfaces such as metal roofs or concrete areas. The amount of water harvested depends on the quantity of rainfall, and the size of the surface and the slope of the catchment area." |- | Gutters and downspouts | "also known as distribution systems that channel the water from the catchment area to a holding container such as a barrel, cistern, planted area, etc." |- | Leaf screens | "a screen that removes or catches debris." |- | Roof Washers | "a device that diverts the "first flush" of rain before it enters the storage tank. Most rainwater suppliers recommend that the "first flush" of water is diverted to an outside area of the storage system, since the catchment surface may accumulate bird droppings, debris and other pollution." |- | Storage Tanks | "In general, the storage tank is the most expensive component of a rainwater harvesting system. There are numerous types and styles of storage tanks available. Storage can be above-ground or underground. Storage containers can be made from galvanized steel, wood, concrete, clay, plastic, fiberglass, polyethylene, masonry, etc. Examples of above-ground storage include; cisterns, barrels, tanks, garbage cans, above ground swimming pools, etc. Storage tank prices vary based on different variables such as size, material and complexity. To inhibit the growth of algae, storage tanks should be opaque and preferably placed away from direct sunlight. The tanks should also be placed close to the areas of use and supply line to reduce the distance over which the water is delivered. Also consider placing the storage at an elevated area to take advantage of gravity flow. The tank should always be placed on a stable and level area to prevent it from leaning and possibly collapsing." |- | Delivery System | "Gravity-fed or pumped to the landscape or other end use areas." |- | Purification | "needed for potable systems to make the water safe for human consumption. Please check with your local health department for information on filtration systems and certification requirements." |}
Summary:
Warning!
All contributions to Appropedia are released under the CC-BY-SA-4.0 license unless otherwise noted (see
Appropedia:Copyrights
for details). If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly and redistributed at will, then do not submit it here! You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource.
Do not submit copyrighted material without permission!
Cancel
Editing help
(opens in new window)
Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies.
OK
Discussion