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Stenström<ref>[http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Microbial_Exposure_%26_Health_Assessments_in_Sanitation_Technologies_%26_Systems.pdf| Stenström TA, Seidu R, Ekane N, and Zurbrügg C. Microbial Exposure and Health Assessments in Sanitation Technologies and Systems (2011). EcoSanRes]</ref> ''et al'' conducted a risk assessment of many common components used in [[WASH]] systems. They concluded that the pour-wash toilet (as a 'user interface technology') represents a '''high''' risk of daily infection for users where the toilets were dirty, much reduced if cleaner and handwashing is practiced. There is a regular '''medium''' risk of infection for workers who clean the toilets, but this can be '''high''' after an incidence of [[diarrhea]]. | Stenström<ref>[http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Microbial_Exposure_%26_Health_Assessments_in_Sanitation_Technologies_%26_Systems.pdf| Stenström TA, Seidu R, Ekane N, and Zurbrügg C. Microbial Exposure and Health Assessments in Sanitation Technologies and Systems (2011). EcoSanRes]</ref> ''et al'' conducted a risk assessment of many common components used in [[WASH]] systems. They concluded that the pour-wash toilet (as a 'user interface technology') represents a '''high''' risk of daily infection for users where the toilets were dirty, much reduced if cleaner and handwashing is practiced. There is a regular '''medium''' risk of infection for workers who clean the toilets, but this can be '''high''' after an incidence of [[diarrhea]]. | ||
Given that all toilets must be connected to some kind of latrine or disposal system, this cannot be considered to be the total risk associated with a | Given that all toilets must be connected to some kind of latrine or disposal system, this cannot be considered to be the total risk associated with a dry toilet system. | ||
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