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Unlike insulin or other GM drugs and hormones manufactured in the laboratory, GM crops cannot be controlled or revoked, once they are released in nature.<ref>Paull, John (2018) [http://www.academia.edu/36848516/Genetically_Modified_Organisms_GMOs_as_Invasive_Species Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) as Invasive Species], Journal of Environment Protection and Sustainable Development. 4 (3): 31–37.</ref> In addition to the possible harmful effects on ecosystems (including agro-ecosystems), introduction of the GMOs into the human food chain poses an unprecedented risk to public health. | Unlike insulin or other GM drugs and hormones manufactured in the laboratory, GM crops cannot be controlled or revoked, once they are released in nature.<ref>Paull, John (2018) [http://www.academia.edu/36848516/Genetically_Modified_Organisms_GMOs_as_Invasive_Species Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) as Invasive Species], Journal of Environment Protection and Sustainable Development. 4 (3): 31–37.</ref> In addition to the possible harmful effects on ecosystems (including agro-ecosystems), introduction of the GMOs into the human food chain poses an unprecedented risk to public health. | ||
[[Genetically modified food]] has caused considerable controversy since the early 1990s, when it was first introduced. However, this controversy only relates to GM organisms that have been created using the [[transgenesis]] method. [[Cisgenesis]] has been proven equally safe as regular [[plant | [[Genetically modified food]] has caused considerable controversy since the early 1990s, when it was first introduced. However, this controversy only relates to GM organisms that have been created using the [[transgenesis]] method. [[Cisgenesis]] has been proven equally safe as regular [[plant breedin]] by the EFSA<ref>Kijk magazine 10/2012</ref> | ||
Conventional food production often utilizes GMO's which are different from plants and animals that have been [[Plant breeding|selectively bred]]. There are environmental drawbacks of using GMOs. One is that it is difficult to control the reproduction of plants, especially when they are growing in an open environment, and not contained within a structure such as a greenhouse. When there is a farm with GMOs nearby another farm, there can be a problem with crossbreeding between the two varieties of plant. This can result in genetic drift which can have negative impacts on farms that produce heirloom varieties. When this effect is coupled with the terminator gene (a gene inserted in plants by companies that produce GMO's, which prevents their seeds from producing viable offspring) this can have devastating effects on heirloom varieties, and for farmers who have been keeping their variety for generations. | Conventional food production often utilizes GMO's which are different from plants and animals that have been [[Plant breeding|selectively bred]]. There are environmental drawbacks of using GMOs. One is that it is difficult to control the reproduction of plants, especially when they are growing in an open environment, and not contained within a structure such as a greenhouse. When there is a farm with GMOs nearby another farm, there can be a problem with crossbreeding between the two varieties of plant. This can result in genetic drift which can have negative impacts on farms that produce heirloom varieties. When this effect is coupled with the terminator gene (a gene inserted in plants by companies that produce GMO's, which prevents their seeds from producing viable offspring) this can have devastating effects on heirloom varieties, and for farmers who have been keeping their variety for generations. | ||