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PRODUCES:
Earthing (electrical)
Earthing or Grounding refers to connecting metal parts of electrical equipment to an earth electrode.
It must be connected back to the source of supply by an earth or ground conductor so that if the metal becomes live during a fault there will be a large fault in the phase conductor feeding that fault and the fuse or circuit breaker or other overcurrent protection device on that phase conductor will cut-off the supply to the fault.
Grounding means connecting a wire or other conducor to the earth. This is done by connecting the wire, or equipment to be grounded, to a copper rod that has driven into the ground. The earth is an adequate conductor and current will flow through it.
When short circuits occur or when a device is connected from an energized wire to ground, the grounding wire provides a means of completing the path for the current. This completed path will allow excess current to flow which will blow one of the fuses, thus removing the current and-the danger. The grounded wire of the system must never be fused, for if this fuse should blow, the entire system would no longer be grounded, and considerable danger could be present. During the few seconds, until the fuse blows to interrupt the fault current, the equipment casing, or other equipment where the fault is, may have a significant voltage. Earth bonding to the building structure and other parts means that these elements will have a similar fault voltage reducing the magnitude of any electrical shock due to this voltage.
Distribution systems should be grounded to a grounding electrode every 300 feet to maintain an adequate ground. generating equipment, like all other equipment, must also be grounded.
CCAT human energy converter
The Human Energy Converter (H.E.C.), a pedal powered electric generator that harnessed the pedaling effort of 14 people at one time. The H.E.C. was capable of sustaining a 1kw output at 24v. It was used at rock concerts to help power such musicians as Bob Weir, Richie Havens, Merle Saunders, Jon Lord, Big Brother and the Holding Company, John Trudell, Zero, Steve Kimock, Bonnie Raitt, Dr. Loco, Clan Dycan, Scott Huckelby, Julia Butterfly, and others. It was also used to power the 1995 Headwaters Forest protest/demonstration, as well as community events on the Arcata Plaza. It was featured at the Hog Farm Pignic and The Whole Earth Festival. The H.E.C. powered concerts, dances, anti Iraq War protest rallies and environmental protest rallies, HSU campus events, Renewable Energy Fairs, and events on the Arcata Plaza until 1996; when the (28) milk crate seats were confiscated by the Cal Poly Humboldt Campus Police Department. The criminal penalty for possession of a single crate included 6 months in prison and a $10,000 fine. This was avoided when we explained to the president of the company that owned the crates; Humboldt Creamery, that we had been granted permission to temporarily borrow the crates from the Arcata Food Coop's dairy department manager for use in an experiment to pedal power the electricity used by the P.A. system and mobile radio broadcast transmitter van used at the 1995 Grand Championship Kinetic Sculpture Race... and possibly a few other events. All chargers were dropped after the crates were returned to the dairy department of the Arcata Coop (undamaged because of the special non-invasive clapping techniques used to harness the crates as seats to the adjustable seat support assembly... an example of an anarchistic act of non-violent social responsibility and FUN of the "highest" order!)
Designed and Built by Bart Orlando,Todd King and Mark Mueller
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The Human Energy Converter was at the Hog Farm Pignic
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The Human Energy Converter - 1995
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The Headwaters Forest Protest PA system was powered by the HEC in 1995.
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This multiple bike powered generator was the forerunner of the HEC and was first tested at the Hog Farm Pignic in 1994.
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The HEC often functioned as "hippie child care" during the Pignic concert.
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All types interesting characters took turns converting their unique human energy into electricity. Removable seat backs provided an access route by which peddlers could mount the contraption.
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The HEC appeared in this Home Power Magazine article which described how it powered the evening dance at the SEER Fair in 1994.
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Michael Hackleman examines the inner working of the HEC's generator compartment as it powered the SEER Fair dance in 1994.
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This article appeared in Home Power Magazine in 1995, describing how the HEC the Pignic was powered.
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This article appeared in Home Power Magazine in 1995. The HEC was used to help power the Arcata Renewable Energy Fair.
Ben Erickson
(With Corrections In Red By Bart Orlando)
The Human Energy Converter has gone through at least three incarnations since its invention in the early nineties by our pedal power engineer, Bart Orlando, and Todd King, a former co-director of CCAT. The first design did not succeed, leading to our second effort, a flat bed trailer with bike gearing a pedals that powered two generators at the end of the trailer. We used an early type of invertor and powered lots of local concerts and rallies. Actually, there was only one H.E.C., the 14 seater, named by Todd King. It used a Dynamote - Brutus 24v 3000w inverter. The previous first attempt at a concert pedal powered generator was built by Bart on the grounds of CCAT in '93 and employed the rear wheels of bikes ridden to the Hog Farm Pignic, to drive friction wheels attached to ~ 14 ft long drive shafts directly coupled to permanent magnet generators. It produced 18v which is capable of powering 12v systems. The CCAT pedal powered generator exercise bikes used to power events was built by Bart Orlando with assistance of HSU engineering students. Each bike had its own generator, allowing pedalers to choose the pace of their workout. Here is a link to Bart's web pages describing the systems. colored text [1]
It's design can be seen below.
Unfortunately the seats on our design were made with milk crates that were borrowed from our local dairy--an employee had given us the OK, but a manager later demanded the crates back. Without seats, we decided to scrap this HEC and begin anew.
The HEC in its current incarnation is actually a series of "Pedal Power Generators" that is described at the bottom of this page. It is, in essence, a series of exercise bikes that are individually hooked up to small 12V generators that are about the size of a car alternator. They each put out about 50-100 Watts, depending on who's pedalling, and we connect them in series and in parallel to make a 24V charge. We have eight matching Schwinn bikes mounted to a flat bed or just lined up on a lawn, and people line up to pedal the power for the event! It's a great hit among all party-goers, usually affording a great view of the stage as well as fun for kids and the kid within the adults.
The electricity made by the bikes is run through a 4024 Trace inverter to make clean AC electricity appropriate for sound systems, but we have the option of feeding excess electricity into the "grid" or into batteries. We often also wire in solar panels to the HEC set-up to provide extra power, but that is not necessary. It's just nice to say we made more electricity than we used.
