Sanitation   

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See also the Sanitation category. for subtopics, how-tos, project pages, designs, organization pages and more.

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Sanitation here refers to the hygienic disposal or recycling of waste. Often this waste is in the form of wastewater, any water that has been negatively affected in quality by human influence. This can be sewage^W (toilet waste and greywater) or industrial waste.

For solid municipal waste and associated recycling, see Waste management.

Contents 1 Using catfish to eat sewage 2 See also 3 Interwiki links 4 External links

[edit] Using catfish to eat sewage

Based on comments posted by Chriswaterguy (under the username Singkong2005) to Wikipedia:Talk:Catfish#Using catfish in septic tanks.)

Catfish are used in septic tanks in Indonesia, to eat the waste and prevent the tank from filling up with solids too quickly. I can't find a better source, so I'll just offer these links for now, and hope that someone comes up with a source. I might try and research and (co-)author a journal article on it this year (2007), which would then be a valid source.

Blog post (and comments): Ikan lele technology

Chriswaterguy's comment: An Indonesian's comment on catfish in septic tanks

The Indonesian Wikipedia article on catfish mentions that freshwater catfish are used to remove impurities from water; it states that catfish used in the way must be cleansed before eating, by being placed in flowing water. (The article doesn't state how long for, or just how much this improves the taste & safety).

Suggested projects:

• How efficient are catfish at processing sewage, compared to other processes (such as septic tanks, or activated sludge)? Would they be of use in municipal sewage treatment?^{[Suggested project]}
• Have they been (or can they be) used in a treatment pond^W?^{[Suggested project]}

[edit] See also

• Community-led total sanitation
• Biogas
• Composting toilets
• Greywater

[edit] Interwiki links

• Wikipedia:Wastewater
• Wikipedia:Sanitation
• Wikipedia:Latrine
• Wikipedia:Appropriate technology#Sanitation
• Wikipedia:BiPu (emergency latrine)
• Wikipedia:Orangi Pilot Project
• Wikipedia:Composting toilet
• Wikia:Permaculture:Composting toilets
• Wikipedia:Humanure
• Wikia:Permaculture:Humanure
• Wikipedia:Constructed wetland
• Wikipedia:Category:Sewerage

[edit] External links

• Introduction to Low-cost Sewerage at SaniCon, which also has many other interesting pages about sanitation.
• SanPlat Homepage - "Large Scale Low Cost Sanitation at Lowest Cost." Note the Shareware link in the left column, listing useful free resources.
• Sandec's Compendium of Sanitation Systems & Technologies (5.4 MB) (low resolution, 4.0 MB)
• Drains Not Disease - Zambia, Television Trust for the Environment website. Describes ventilated improved pit latrines, and potential problems with pit latrines.
• Sanitation jobs in the international development sector