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Transformation Induced Plasticity "TRIP" Steel
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=== The "TRIP" effect === The transformation induced plasticity phenomenon occurs when the retained austenite transforms to martensite during plastic deformation.<ref name="[1]">M. Zhang & Al., "Continuous cooling transformation diagrams and properties of micro-alloyed TRIP steels", Materials Science and Engineering A 438-440, 2006.</ref> The transformation of retained austenite produces a high carbon martensite phase which is very brittle. However, the retained austenite is very finely dispersed in the ferrite phase. This fine dispersion allows TRIP steels to retain their strength. The transformation of austenite into martesite is almost instantaneous and completely diffusionless.<ref name="[7]">William D. Callister, "Materials Science and Engineering An Introduction", 7th edition, Wiley, 2007. p.331</ref> In TRIP steels, plastic deformation forms matensite nucleation sites in microscopic areas seeing large deformations.<ref name="[9]">G.B. Olson, Morris Cohen, "Kinetics of Strain-Induced Martensitic Nucleation", Metallurgical Transactions A, Vol 6A, 971, 1975.</ref> These nucleation sites trigger the formation of the martensite phase. The nucleation areas are known as shear bands, where crystallographic defects{{W|crystallographic defects}} such as twins or stacking fault bundles are located.
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