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Maximum power point tracking (MPPT)W

is a technique that grid connected inverters, solar battery chargers and similar devices use to get the maximum possible power from one or more photovoltaic devices.

PV model

PV model in matlab[1]

Review:A complete description of a a solar cell, some basic illustration of the semiconductor characteristics, circle graph and numerical parameters offered, double exponential equation used to describe the output curve. Concept of open circle shunt current in PV noticed for the first time. Value class: 50W.

PV model for circle simulation[2]

Review:This paper presents the photovoltaic panel model obtained by the identification method on the basis of measured data. The obtained model is applied in an analog-digital simulator that provides an simulations as a functional circuit model with numerical algorithms.

OPT parameter PV model for simulation[3]

Review: Single diode PV model factors opt using PSO. PV module:KC65T. Temperature factor impact including.

Novel PV array/module I-V curve simulator circuit[4]

Review: a simulator circle using photo sensor and LEDs, another respect for looking at the PV module, character curve gained are very typical. Could be helpful in the real device experiment.

Research on a Novel Digital Photovoltaic Array Simulator[5]

Review:Simplification of the ordinary using equation deduced by several assumptions and open voltage condition. Used quadratic polynomial to simulate the curve, and get fitting equations in different zones.

Improved two diode model for PV[6]

Reviews: A model using two diode with parameters chosen: I01,I02 simplified and a1,a2 deduced by them instead of assumed completely; rest of the parameters Rp and Rs, are to be gain through iteration. Want to apply this model? Consideratting...

Measuring

Measuring the I-V curve of PV generators[7]

MPPT method

Methods summary[8]

Review: a galaxy of MPPT methods, a list with a complete compare of 26 MPPT method, the variables, circles, complexity and commercial products. Trying to understand the OCC working principle...

Lowe cost MPPT offgrid interfere[9]

Review:In this paper the author use the measurement value of the battery to evaluate the state of the PV model, and discuss the two different working condition of Buck converter's impact for the mppt process and give out mathematical solutions. A complete flow chart for this method is given and the simulation result is shown and discussed.


Photovoltaic Sample-and-Hold Circuit Enabling MPPT Indoors for Low-Power Systems[10]

Review:This paper describes an ultra low-power MPPT circuit with a novel sample-and-hold and cold-start arrangement, enabling MPPT across the range of light intensities found indoors, which has not been reported before.

Fast estimate method[11]

Review:Hardware realization and cost compare, a device graph and performance of a prototype, main object is to maintain tracking with economy spent, using current feedback circuit.

Compare study of several mppt method on pv[12]

Review:Power detection method, compare of different topologys(Distributed or central converter/MPPT setting). Contains a commercial inverter topology graph.

A simple, low cost design using current feedback to improve the efficiency of a MPPT-PV system for isolated locations[13]

An Analog Technique for Distributed MPPT PV Applications[14]

Review: Realization of TEODI, using analog circle only, real device experiment applied. A balance MPPT within multiple sources.

PV current sensorless MPPT for a single-phase PV inverter[15]

Review:The paper presents a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) for single-stage single-phase inverters. The proposed MPPT provides a solution to the issue of tracking maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) module without measuring the PV current.

Low-cost, high flexibility I–V curve tracer for photovoltaic modules[16]

Review:This work presents the design, construction and test of an in-door low cost, high flexibility I-V curve tracer for photovoltaic modules. The tracer is connected to a Xenon lamp based flashing solar simulator.

low complexity mppt exploiting the pv series resistance[17]

Review:A method for estimating the maximum power point (MPP) of a photovoltaic (PV) module through a simple linear equation, exploiting the relation existing between the values of module voltage and current at the maximum power point (MPP locus).

An MPPT Controller Design for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Based on the Optimal Voltage Factor Tracking[18]

Review:An adaptive cascade MPPT controller is proposed to follow the optimal voltage factor in each insolation level, in addition to regulating the output power at its maximum possible value via a boost converter. Simulations are performed to verify the validation of the proposed MPPT system.

A Novel MPPT algorithm for dual-inverter grid-connected PV applications[19]

Review:A novel MPPT algorithm for three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems is presented in this paper. Reference is made to a conversion scheme consisting in two balanced arrays of PV modules, each one feeding a standard 2-level three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI).

The dual-module MPPT control strategy of stand-along PV system[20]

Review:The dual-module MPPT coordinate control is designed to increase PV utilizing efficiency. The battery management is optimized for better performance and longer life time. The performance and total efficiency of PV generating system can be improved for stand-alone load.

MPPT controller design for a standalone PV system[21]

Review:Circuit for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is one among several equally important subsystems of a standalone photovoltaic (PV) system.

Autonomous Local Control in Distributed DC Power Systems

Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for PV applications[22]

Review:a careful evaluation among the most usual MPPT techniques, doing meaningful comparisons with respect to the amount of energy extracted from the photovoltaic (PV) panel, PV voltage ripple, dynamic response and use of sensors, considering that the models are first implemented via MatLab.

Converter interfare

boost smart control[23]

Revies: Third part of this article mentioned about the decision of inductance that to insure continuous conduction modes, L has a minimum value; along with which is the decision of the capacitance that making the output voltage ripple in desired boundary, has a minimum value too. Very helpful for the designing of the circle. GA has been applied to get the opt factors for PI controller, and fuzzy method was used to decide the sets of PI factor under changing load conditions. Fuzzy control concept.... seems to be familiar with, a kind of catalog method?...

soft boost switch[24]

Review: A novel soft converter design, the operation principles of the converter and the conditions for realization of soft switching are analyzed in detail, simulation analysis is given by the MATLAB/Simulink. Switch loss decreased.

control current source boost circle[25]

Construction of a boost converters using current controlled current source. Not relevant to the topic.

Linearized Sensorless Adaptive Voltage Positioning Controller for DC-DC Boost[26]

Review: how a novel AVP works for boost circle, get the idea about how AVP would affect the performance of a converter. Concept of output capacitor and its effects are very useful. Wondering about the position of output inductance...might be irrelevant.

Model reference adaptive control design for the buck-boost converter[27]

Review:In this study, a model reference adaptive digital control scheme is proposed for the buck-boost converter. The control design of the buck-boost converter is a challenging work because the buck-boost converter, which is a non-minimum phase (NMP) system, has a right half-plane zero. This controller design is based on the small signal model of the buck-boost converter and a reference model.

Control strategy of bi-directional DC/DC converter for a novel stand-alone photovoltaic power system[28]

Review:a novel solar cell stand-alone photovoltaic power system is proposed, which is mainly composed of a uni-directional DC/DC converter and a bi-directional DC/DC converter. Compared to the traditional stand-alone photovoltaic power system, this system exhibits the advantages of better protection and more efficient control on charge/discharge of the battery.

A bi-directional DC-DC converter with minimum energy storage elements[29]

Review:A proof-of-concept military advanced mobile generator set has been developed. The military generator set uses an internal combustion diesel engine to drive a radial-gap permanent magnet alternator at variable speed. The speed of the engine is determined from a user selectable interface that for a given load and ambient thermal conditions controls the engine to run at its most efficient operating point.

TEODI a new technique for distributed MPPT tracking PV applications[30]

Review:A new analog Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique is presented and discussed. Such a technique is particularly suitable for Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking Applications (DMPPT). A early vision of the knowledge of the TEODI.

Cost effective resonant DC-DC converter for hi-power and wide load range operation[31]

Review:describes an original topology for a stepdown DC-DC converter. This converter is a resonant converter with zero voltage switching and zero current switching. Regulation of the converter is done by PWM and variable frequency; this provides good regulation, from no load to full load.

Market && manufacturing

The history of photovoltaic industry pricing and future direction in a low incentive environment[32]

Review:the most consistently misunderstood metric of the PV industry, specifically, it is typically inappropriately correlated with manufacturing costs or expected to behave perfectly within a theoretical context.

Insight into demand response and photovoltaic source with Time of Day pricing[33]

Review:This paper presents results of a study on integrating a form of demand response and photovoltaic generation with ToD pricing. An example is presented on a residential home located in New York City Suburbs.

Price and supply constraints on Te and In photovoltaics[34]

Review: Materials limitation occurs during producing, supply and price constraints on Te and In for future large scale photovoltaic (PV) deployment are discussed. It is argued that the PV industry is growing so quickly that adaptations in Te and In supply and device design will be too slow to keep up.

Modeling the cost and minimum sustainable price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing in the United States[35]

Review: Industry planing and concepts of marketing, it highlights advanced c-Si manufacturing concepts with significant cost reduction potential, and provides insight into strategies that could greatly reduce module prices in a financially sustainable manner.

Photovoltaic industry and market investigation[36]

Review:This paper analyzes photovoltaic power generation market and the status in quo, development of the market at home and abroad, also introduces the successful experiences of Germany, Japan, Spain and the like which are experts in photovoltaic power generation.

Technology Choice and the Cost Reduction Potential of Photovoltaics[37]

Review:estimate the total investment required for PV to reach a break-even point with fossil fuel based generation; and we investigate the intrinsic/lowest achievable costs from an analysis of potential materials, processing, and efficiency improvements.

Cost evaluation of a stand-alone residential photovoltaic power system in Malaysia[38]

Review:A reviews that looks into the cost to generate per kilowatt hour of electricity applying life cycle costing (LCC) analysis for a typical household of four using stand-alone photovoltaic technology. RETScreen was used to determine the cost of developing the stand-alone photovoltaic system and finally deriving to the cost per kilowatt hour for the various photovoltaic technologies taking into consideration all major components involved in the construction.

===Levelized electricity cost for photovoltaic system in Sohar-Oman[39] Review:A paper relating the cost for the converter at last! The cost of PV system energy is calculated with different sizes for PV, battery and converter. The results indicate that the solar energy utilization is an attractive option with initial cost, net present cost of the system, and energy cost are 7,160 $, 13,077 $, and 0.389 $/kWh, respectively, in comparison with diesel generator operating cost 0.558 $/kWh.

Financial Analysis of a Large Scale Photovoltaic System and Its Impact on Distribution Feeders[40]

Review: a large scale photovoltaic (PV) system installed in the Main Stadium of the 2009 World Games has been investigated for the design of selling price of PV power generation. The PV power generation is simulated according to the hourly solar irradiation and temperature provided by the weather bureau.

A cost analysis of very large scale PV (VLS-PV) system on the world deserts[41]

Review:Report for a assuming field of solar micro grid system, a 100 MW very large-scale photovoltaic power generation (VLS-PV) system is estimated assuming that it is installed on the world deserts, which are Sahara, Negev, Thar, Sonora, Great Sandy and Gobi desert. These deserts are good for installing the system because of large solar irradiation and large land area.

Design of hybrid PV/diesel generator systems at minimum cost: Case study for Kuching, Malaysia[42]

Review:optimization of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/diesel systems for Kuching, Malaysia. The PV array, storage battery and diesel generator capacities are the variables to be optimized considering very low loss of load probability.

Remote markets for phtovoltaic technologies, 1974 to present and ten year forecast[43]

Review:provide the history of off grid application growth while exploring the future for the various remote applications, including pricing, a discussion of off grid viability as incentive structures change and which price elastic customers might drive the next generation of demand for off grid applications. No idea why it has to refer to the 1970s...

Photovoltaic&&Converter Applications Assessment

46.Solar powered low cost DC-DC converter based line frequency inverter for domestic lighting loads[44]=== Review:solar powered low cost DC-DC converter based line frequency inverter for domestic lighting load. AC power conversion circuit incorporating high frequency push pull boost converter with single stage inverter topology. This power converter is more suitable and acceptable for cost effective applications.

Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter for solar battery backup applications[45]

Review:The application of battery backup systems automatically leads to inverter structures with relative low input voltage levels compared to the DC-link voltage. To guarantee the required system capability the power electronic system has to maintain the resulting high input current ratings.

Novel solar cell power supply system using the multiple-input DC-DC converter[46]

Review:multiple-input DC-DC power converter is useful to combine the several input power sources and to supply the regulated output voltage for the load. The novel solar cell power supply system using the buck-boost type two-input DC-DC converter is proposed, in which the solar array and the commercial AC line are exploited as power sources and they are combined by the two input windings of the energy-storage reactor.

Boost converter for solar photo voltaic systems with centralized storage[47]

Review:A model for short range solar system? The model of boost converter proposed in this paper can be used to step up the voltage of the solar array so that the power produced by the solar array can be transmitted over distances of few hundred meters, to a centralized storage place without appreciable losses.

Study of a DC-DC converter for solar LED street lighting[48]

Review: LED seems to be more promising than the former one... Two kind of structures for lighting are shown in the paper, One is used for battery charging in day. The other is used to supply the LED street lighting from the battery in night. For cost saving, the two converters should be integrated. In this paper, a DC-DC converter is presented for the solar LED street lighting.

1-MW advanced T-type NPC converters for solar power generation system[49]

Review: Should have put this into the converter interfere part.. Multiple-level topology is one of the effective approaches to improve the efficiency of power converters. Recently, three-level converters are used not only in medium voltage converters but also in low voltage converters in order to improve the conversion efficiency.

References

  1. ↑ G. Bhuvaneswari and R. Annamalai, “Development of a solar cell model in MATLAB for PV based generation system,” in 2011 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON), 2011
  2. ↑ Leuchter, K. Zaplatilek, and P. Bauer, “Photovoltaic model for circuit simulation,” in IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2012, pp. 5399–5405.
  3. ↑ Leuchter, K. Zaplatilek, and P. Bauer, “Photovoltaic model for circuit simulation,” in IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2012, pp. 5399–5405.
  4. ↑ Nagayoshi, H.; Orio, S.; Kono, Y.; Nakajima, H., "Novel PV array/module I-V curve simulator circuit," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002. Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE , vol., no., pp.1535,1538, 19-24 May 2002 doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190904
  5. ↑ Zhang Housheng; Zhao Yanlei, "Research on a Novel Digital Photovoltaic Array Simulator," Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA), 2010 International Conference on , vol.2, no., pp.1077,1080, 11-12 May 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICICTA.2010.141
  6. ↑ Salam, Z.; Ishaque, K.; Taheri, H., "An improved two-diode photovoltaic (PV) model for PV system," Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES) & 2010 Power India, 2010 Joint International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 20-23 Dec. 2010
  7. ↑ Aranda, E.D.; Galan, J.A.G.; de Cardona, M.S.; Marquez, J.M.A., "Measuring the I-V curve of PV generators," Industrial Electronics Magazine, IEEE , vol.3, no.3, pp.4,14, Sept. 2009 doi: 10.1109/MIE.2009.933882
  8. ↑ Subudhi, B.; Pradhan, R., "A Comparative Study on Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques for Photovoltaic Power Systems," Sustainable Energy, IEEE Transactions on , vol.4, no.1, pp.89,98, Jan. 2013 doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2012.2202294
  9. ↑ Zhongyi He; Chengyang Liu; Yadong Liu; Yongqin Zeng; Junmin Pan, "Low cost MPPT controller for off grid solar applications," Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS), 2010 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.447,451, 10-13 Oct. 2010
  10. ↑ Weddell, A.S.; Merrett, Geoff V.; Al-Hashimi, B.M., "Photovoltaic Sample-and-Hold Circuit Enabling MPPT Indoors for Low-Power Systems," Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, IEEE Transactions on , vol.59, no.6, pp.1196,1204, June 2012 doi: 10.1109/TCSI.2011.2173393
  11. ↑ Balato, M.; Vitelli, M., "A hybrid MPPT technique based on the fast estimate of the Maximum Power voltages in PV applications," Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER), 2013 8th International Conference and Exhibition on , vol., no., pp.1,7, 27-30 March 2013
  12. ↑ Barchowsky, A.; Parvin, J.P.; Reed, G.F.; Korytowski, M.J.; Grainger, B.M., "A comparative study of MPPT methods for distributed photovoltaic generation," Innovative Smart Grid Technologies (ISGT), 2012 IEEE PES , vol., no., pp.1,7, 16-20 Jan. 2012
  13. ↑ Fernandez, H.; Martinez, A.; Guzman, V.; Gimenez, M.I., "A simple, low cost design using current feedback to improve the efficiency of a MPPT-PV system for isolated locations," Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference, 2008. EPE-PEMC 2008. 13th , vol., no., pp.1947,1950, 1-3 Sept. 2008 doi: 10.1109/EPEPEMC.2008.4635550
  14. ↑ Petrone, G.; Spagnuolo, G.; Vitelli, M., "An Analog Technique for Distributed MPPT PV Applications," Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on , vol.59, no.12, pp.4713,4722, Dec. 2012 doi: 10.1109/TIE.2011.2177613
  15. ↑ Escobar, G.; Pettersson, S.; Ho, C.N.-m.; Karppanen, M.; Pulli, T., "PV current sensorless MPPT for a single-phase PV inverter," IECON 2011 - 37th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , vol., no., pp.3906,3911, 7-10 Nov. 2011
  16. ↑ Ibirriaga, J.J.M.; de Mendiluce Pena, X.M.; Opritescu, A.; Sera, D.; Teodorescu, R., "Low-cost, high flexibility I–V curve tracer for photovoltaic modules," Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM), 2010 12th International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1210,1215, 20-22 May 2010
  17. ↑ Scarpa, V. V R; Spiazzi, G.; Buso, S., "Low complexity MPPT technique exploiting the effect of the PV cell series resistance," Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2008. APEC 2008. Twenty-Third Annual IEEE , vol., no., pp.1958,1964, 24-28 Feb. 2008
  18. ↑ Ghaisari, J.; Habibi, M.; Bakhshai, A., "An MPPT Controller Design for Photovoltaic (PV) Systems Based on the Optimal Voltage Factor Tracking," Electrical Power Conference, 2007. EPC 2007. IEEE Canada , vol., no., pp.359,362, 25-26 Oct. 2007 doi: 10.1109/EPC.2007.4520357
  19. ↑ Grandi, G.; Ostojic, D.; Rossi, C., "A Novel MPPT algorithm for dual-inverter grid-connected PV applications," Power Electronics and Applications, 2009. EPE '09. 13th European Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,10, 8-10 Sept. 2009
  20. ↑ Hong Wang; Donglai Zhang, "The dual-module MPPT control strategy of stand-along PV system," Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2010 Chinese , vol., no., pp.93,96, 26-28 May 2010 doi: 10.1109/CCDC.2010.5499117
  21. ↑ Hong Wang; Donglai Zhang, "The dual-module MPPT control strategy of stand-along PV system," Control and Decision Conference (CCDC), 2010 Chinese , vol., no., pp.93,96, 26-28 May 2010 doi: 10.1109/CCDC.2010.5499117
  22. ↑ de Brito, M.A.G.; Sampaio, L.P.; Luigi, G.; e Melo, G.A.; Canesin, C.A., "Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for PV applications," Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP), 2011 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.99,104, 14-16 June 2011 doi:
  23. ↑ Elshaer, M.; Mohamed, A.; Mohammed, O., "Smart optimal control of DC-DC boost converter in PV systems," Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America (T&D-LA), 2010 IEEE/PES , vol., no., pp.403,410, 8-10 Nov. 2010 doi: 10.1109/TDC-LA.2010.5762913
  24. ↑ Chang Bo; Wang Congling; He Yao, "Research on Soft Switching Boost Converter," Digital Manufacturing and Automation (ICDMA), 2011 Second International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1015,1018, 5-7 Aug. 2011 doi: 10.1109/ICDMA.2011.251
  25. ↑ Reatti, A.; Kazimierczuk, M.K., "Current controlled current source model for a PWM dc-dc boost converters operated in discontinuous current mode," Circuits and Systems, 2000. Proceedings. ISCAS 2000 Geneva. The 2000 IEEE International Symposium on , vol.3, no., pp.239,242 vol.3, 2000
  26. ↑ Huang, W.; Abu Qahouq, J.A.; Ahmed, S., "Linearized sensorless adaptive voltage positioning controller for DC-DC boost power converter," Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2012 IEEE , vol., no., pp.351,357, 15-20 Sept. 2012 doi: 10.1109/ECCE.2012.6342801
  27. ↑ Yen-Fang Li; Ming-Fa Tsai; Chung-Shi Tseng; Yi-Fan Chiang, "Model reference adaptive control design for the buck-boost converter," IECON 2012 - 38th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , vol., no., pp.543,548, 25-28 Oct. 2012 doi: 10.1109/IECON.2012.6388768
  28. ↑ Zhiling Liao; Xinbo Ruan, "Control strategy of bi-directional DC/DC converter for a novel stand-alone photovoltaic power system," Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, 2008. VPPC '08. IEEE , vol., no., pp.1,6, 3-5 Sept. 2008 doi: 10.1109/VPPC.2008.4677404
  29. ↑ Tolbert, L.M.; Peterson, W.A.; White, C.P.; Theiss, T.J.; Scudiere, M.B., "A bi-directional DC-DC converter with minimum energy storage elements," Industry Applications Conference, 2002. 37th IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the , vol.3, no., pp.1572,1577 vol.3, 13-18 Oct. 2002 doi: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043744
  30. ↑ Petrone, G.; Spagnuolo, G.; Vitelli, M., "TEODI: A new technique for Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking PV Applications," Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2010 IEEE International Conference on , vol., no., pp.982,987, 14-17 March 2010 doi: 10.1109/ICIT.2010.5472546
  31. ↑ Isurin, A.; Cook, A., "Cost effective resonant DC-DC converter for hi-power and wide load range operation," Industrial Electronics, 2006 IEEE International Symposium on , vol.2, no., pp.1014,1018, 9-13 July 2006 doi: 10.1109/ISIE.2006.295775
  32. ↑ Mints, Paula, "The history of photovoltaic industry pricing and future direction in a low incentive environment," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Volume 2, 2012 IEEE 38th , vol., no., pp.1,6, 3-8 June 2012 doi: 10.1109/PVSC-Vol 2.2013.6656706
  33. ↑ Genao, C.; St Leger, A., "Insight into demand response and photovoltaic source with Time of Day pricing," Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), 2012 IEEE PES , vol., no., pp.1,8, 7-10 May 2012 doi: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281649
  34. ↑ Green, M.A., "Price and supply constraints on Te and In photovoltaics," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2010 35th IEEE , vol., no., pp.000550,000555, 20-25 June 2010 doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2010.5616829
  35. ↑ Powell, Douglas M.; Winkler, Mark T.; Goodrich, Alan; Buonassisi, Tonio, "Modeling the cost and minimum sustainable price of crystalline silicon photovoltaic manufacturing in the United States," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), Volume 2, 2012 IEEE 38th , vol., no., pp.1,8, 3-8 June 2012 doi: 10.1109/PVSC-Vol 2.2013.6656771
  36. ↑ Huimin Yan; Zhizhi Zhou; Huayong Lu, "Photovoltaic industry and market investigation," Sustainable Power Generation and Supply, 2009. SUPERGEN '09. International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,4, 6-7 April 2009 doi: 10.1109/SUPERGEN.2009.5348104
  37. ↑ Trancik, Jessika E.; Zweibel, K., "Technology Choice and the Cost Reduction Potential of Photovoltaics," Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on , vol.2, no., pp.2490,2493, 7-12 May 2006 doi: 10.1109/WCPEC.2006.279732
  38. ↑ Applasamy, V., "Cost evaluation of a stand-alone residential photovoltaic power system in Malaysia," Business, Engineering and Industrial Applications (ISBEIA), 2011 IEEE Symposium on , vol., no., pp.214,218, 25-28 Sept. 2011 doi: 10.1109/ISBEIA.2011.6088807
  39. ↑ Kazem, H.A.; Alkurwi, A.A.; Alabdul Salam, M.M.; Alwaeli, A.H.A., "Levelized electricity cost for photovoltaic system in Sohar-Oman," Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER), 2013 8th International Conference and Exhibition on , vol., no., pp.1,5, 27-30 March 2013 doi: 10.1109/EVER.2013.6521534
  40. ↑ Lin, C. -H; Hsieh, W.L.; Chen, C-S; Ku, T.T.; Tsai, C.T., "Financial Analysis of a Large Scale Photovoltaic System and Its Impact on Distribution Feeders," Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS), 2010 IEEE , vol., no., pp.1,8, 3-7 Oct. 2010 doi: 10.1109/IAS.2010.5615954
  41. ↑ Kurokawa, K.; Kato, K.; Ito, M.; Komoto, K.; Kichimi, T.; Sugihara, H., "A cost analysis of very large scale PV (VLS-PV) system on the world deserts," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 2002. Conference Record of the Twenty-Ninth IEEE , vol., no., pp.1672,1675, 19-24 May 2002 doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2002.1190939
  42. ↑ Mohamed, A.; Khatib, T., "Design of hybrid PV/diesel generator systems at minimum cost: Case study for Kuching, Malaysia," Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition (T&D), 2012 IEEE PES , vol., no., pp.1,6, 7-10 May 2012 doi: 10.1109/TDC.2012.6281398
  43. ↑ Mints, P., "Remote markets for phtovoltaic technologies, 1974 to present and ten year forecast," Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC), 2011 37th IEEE , vol., no., pp.001848,001851, 19-24 June 2011 doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2011.6186312
  44. ↑ Saravanan, K.; Sharmeela, C., "Solar powered low cost DC-DC converter based line frequency inverter for domestic lighting loads," Emerging Trends in Electrical Engineering and Energy Management (ICETEEEM), 2012 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.377,381, 13-15 Dec. 2012 doi: 10.1109/ICETEEEM.2012.6494521
  45. ↑ Edelmoser, K.H.; Himmelstoss, F.A., "Bidirectional DC-to-DC converter for solar battery backup applications," Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2004. PESC 04. 2004 IEEE 35th Annual , vol.3, no., pp.2070,2074 Vol.3, 20-25 June 2004 doi: 10.1109/PESC.2004.1355437
  46. ↑ Matsuo, H.; Kobayashi, K.; Sekine, Y.; Asano, M.; Lin Wenzhong, "Novel solar cell power supply system using the multiple-input DC-DC converter," Telecommunications Energy Conference, 1998. INTELEC. Twentieth International , vol., no., pp.797,802, 1998 doi: 10.1109/INTLEC.1998.793656
  47. ↑ Khanna, A.; Dutta, V., "Boost converter for solar photo voltaic systems with centralized storage," Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources, 2007. PSC 2007 , vol., no., pp.318,325, 13-16 March 2007 doi: 10.1109/PSAMP.2007.4740921
  48. ↑ Chia-Ching Lin; Lung-Sheng Yang; En-Chih Chang, "Study of a DC-DC converter for solar LED street lighting," Next-Generation Electronics (ISNE), 2013 IEEE International Symposium on , vol., no., pp.461,464, 25-26 Feb. 2013 doi: 10.1109/ISNE.2013.6512398
  49. ↑ Fujii, K.; Kikuchi, T.; Koubayashi, H.; Yoda, K., "1-MW advanced T-type NPC converters for solar power generation system," Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), 2013 15th European Conference on , vol., no., pp.1,10, 2-6 Sept. 2013 doi: 10.1109/EPE.2013.6634329
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