What is Charlowitz Track?
Contributing to the 2025 European Capitals of Culture Chemnitz, the Carlowitz track intends to revive the guiding spirit of sustainability, Hans Carl von Carlowitz, was a German mining engineer and forest scientist who is best known for his work on sustainable forestry practices). We need to Designing a carlowitz track based on the genius loci of Carlowitz early childhood, so it’s a city tour with 10 point place in Chemnitz city Germany.
Who is Hans Carl von Carlowitz?
The Life and Legacy of Hans Carl von Carlowitz: A Pioneer of Sustainability
"We must aim for a continuous, resilient, and sustainable use [of forests].." - Hans Carl von Carlowitz, 1713*
The concept of sustainability, now integral to discussions on environmental stewardship and responsible resource management, traces its roots to Carlowitz. His pioneering work in sustainability and forestry management has left an enduring mark on the world. This German nobleman is particularly renowned for coining the term "nachhaltigkeit," laying the cornerstone for the modern understanding of sustainability.
Carlowitz played a pivotal role in shaping sustainability through his groundbreaking work in forestry. His legacy, initiated with the publication of "Sylvicultura oeconomica," has had a lasting impact on contemporary sustainable development. His life journey, marked by a quest for knowledge and dedication to responsible forest management, offers invaluable insights into the early origins of sustainable development.
Early Life and Education
Carlowitz, born on December 14, 1645, at Rabenstein Castle, nestled in the wooded hills west of Chemnitz, Germany, was the second of seventeen children. Carlowitz's family heritage revolved around forestry and hunting traditions. His father, Georg Carl von Carlowitz, held positions as Overseer of the rafts and Master of the Hunt to the Elector, grounding the family in hunting and forestry. This upbringing exposed him to the rugged life of huntsmen, rafters, and charcoal burners and the refined courtly life on noble estates. Georg Carl von Carlowitz's role as Landjägermeister, the state's professional huntsman in the county of Erzgebirge, was pivotal for Saxony's economic and ecological well-being.
Carlowitz's early exposure to forestry and woodland resource management set the stage for his lifelong engagement with these critical issues. His family's oversight of forests and hunting grounds, even during the tumultuous era of the Thirty Years' War, remained vital for Saxony.
Despite the challenges of his time, Carlowitz's parents were committed to providing him with a robust education. His formal education commenced in Werdau and continued in 1659 when he enrolled at Halle an der Saale's renowned secondary school. As he matured, Carlowitz pursued a well-rounded education, including legal studies at the University of Jena. His extensive European travels exposed him to diverse perspectives on nature and resource utilization, including the repercussions of timber shortages resulting from deforestation during the Great Fire of London in 1666.
In 1664, at age twenty, Carlowitz embarked on a grand European tour, a customary practice for young noblemen of his era. His travels took him to cities and residences across Europe, including Nuremberg, Heidelberg, Stuttgart, Frankfurt am Main, Mainz, and Cologne. Notably, during his time in London, he witnessed the Great Fire of 1666 and even faced a brief arrest on suspicion of arson, though he was later acquitted.
Carlowitz's travels extended to Denmark, Sweden, France, and Italy, immersing him in various cultures and languages. These experiences and the knowledge he gained during this journey would prove crucial in shaping his later career. He continued his education at the University of Jena, where he delved into law, political science, foreign languages, and natural sciences.
Throughout his extensive travels, Carlowitz encountered a range of perspectives on nature and resource utilization. In England, he witnessed timber shortages stemming from the devastating fire of 1666, while in France, he observed Colbert's forestry reforms taking shape. These experiences laid the foundation for his evolving views on sustainable resource management.
Carlowitz's early life and education provided a solid foundation for the pioneering work he would later undertake in forestry and sustainability. His diverse upbringing, comprehensive education, and extensive European travels molded his worldview and set the stage for his enduring contributions to the sustainability concept.
Career
Upon returning to Saxony from his European tour, Carlowitz embarked on a career that adeptly merged his family's forestry legacy with the knowledge and experiences he had gathered. In 1669, he received his first official appointment as a chamberlain under Saxon Duke Johann Georg II, marking the start of his administrative journey. Initially, his duties revolved around forestry, focusing on ensuring a steady supply of wood and charcoal to support the burgeoning mining industry, which heavily relied on these resources.
During his time in Saxony, he also actively assisted his father in various territorial matters and assumed the role of Kammerjunker in 1672. Subsequently, in the same year, Carlowitz became the governor of Wolkenstein and Lauterstein, taking on increased responsibility for forestry operations. This period allowed him to acquire practical knowledge and insights into the intricacies of forest resource management. It was during these years that his commitment to enhancing resource sustainability became increasingly evident as he grappled with issues of wood shortages and deforestation.
Carlowitz's career in forestry administration continued to thrive as he assumed various administrative roles, further deepening his expertise in the field. In 1679, he ascended to the position of Vice-Berghauptmann, the vice-inspector of mines, under the leadership of Abraham von Schönberg. This role expanded his responsibilities to encompass oversight of the crucial wood supply and smelting works for Saxon mines, establishing him as a pivotal figure in the mining industry.
Von Carlowitz's remarkable career reached its pinnacle when he was appointed Ober-Berghauptmann, the highest-ranking mining official in Saxony, towards the end of his professional journey. Although this appointment primarily recognized his contributions to mining, his unwavering dedication to forestry and sustainability remained an enduring hallmark of his legacy.
Personal Life and Family
In 1675, Carlowitz married Ursula Margaretha von Bose, the daughter of Christoph Dietrich von Bose the Elder, a distinguished Privy Councillor, War Councillor, and General War Commissioner. This union led to the birth of five children, though regrettably, only three daughters survived into adulthood.
Carlowitz's inheritance included the Arnsdorf manor near Hainichen, which he transformed into his private residence. He also assumed the titles of hereditary lord and judge of Arnsdorf. Furthermore, he held shares in the inheritance law for the Steindöbra glassworks in the Saxon Vogtland region. Moreover, he inherited the esteemed Bosesche Haus in Dresden, a property of great prestige located near the electoral palace. Subsequently, he decided to sell this property to the Elector.
Carlowitz passed away on March 3, 1714, within the confines of his residence at the Obermarkt in Freiberg. Unfortunately, the exact location of his tomb was lost to history, but his profound contributions to forestry and sustainability persist. His ideas continue to influence and inspire sustainable practices in forestry and the responsible management of natural resources. Carlowitz's life and work are a testament to the enduring importance of conscientious environmental stewardship.
Despite grappling with health issues towards the end of his life, Carlowitz persevered in his endeavors until his demise on March 3, 1714, in Freiberg. Unfortunately, the whereabouts of his tomb were lost when the family vault was dissolved in 1891. Nevertheless, his legacy endures as a trailblazer in the realms of sustainability and forestry in Germany.
The Birth of Sustainability
In 1713, Carlowitz published his groundbreaking book, "Sylvicultura oeconomica," marking a significant milestone in the history of forestry and sustainability. This comprehensive treatise, spanning 432 pages, is often regarded as the first book exclusively dedicated to forestry.
Carlowitz is best known for his significant contribution to forestry through his book "Sylvicultura oeconomica," considered the first purely forest-related technical book in the German language. In it, he discussed silvicultural practices, forest rejuvenation, and young stand maintenance, laying the foundation for the concept of sustainable forestry.
Carlowitz's work also introduced the term "Nachhaltigkeit" (sustainability) to the German language. He passionately argued for responsible forest management, including reforestation, efficient wood usage, and exploring alternative materials like peat. His work laid the foundation for the modern concept of sustainability, emphasizing ecological responsibility, resource management, and the well-being of communities.
Within its pages, he introduced the term "nachhaltigkeit," laying the foundation for the modern concept of sustainability. Carlowitz's vision emphasized the importance of continuous, resilient, and sustainable use of forests, reflecting his deep commitment to responsible resource management.
In this seminal work, he synthesized both theoretical knowledge and practical experiences in dealing with wood as a vital natural resource. Carlowitz boldly criticized the prevailing short-term profit-oriented thinking of his time, which had led to the overexploitation of forests. He addressed the rapid deforestation occurring throughout Europe, especially in Saxony, and predicted an impending economic crisis due to the depletion of timber resources, vital for the region's industries.
The book is divided into two parts, each addressing critical aspects of forestry and sustainable resource management. In the first part, von Carlowitz delved into the historical context of forests, emphasizing their vital role in supplying timber and the consequences of wood shortages. He explored techniques for tree cultivation and the importance of matching tree species to specific site conditions, highlighting the need for soil investigations. In the second part, von Carlowitz provided detailed insights into various tree species, their characteristics, and economic uses. He advocated cultivating fast-growing native species to address wood shortages, foreshadowing modern sustainable forestry practices. Additionally, he discussed the potential of cultivating foreign tree species, even though this was a relatively new concept in Central Europe at the time.
Carlowitz's work advocated for responsible and efficient resource management. He emphasized the importance of avoiding over-exploitation of forests, offering practical solutions such as improved heat insulation in construction and energy-saving technologies in smelting and heating. He also promoted using alternative resources like peat and, most significantly, proposed systematic reafforestation through tree planting and wild tree preservation.
One of the central themes of Carlowitz's work was his criticism of the short-term profit-oriented thinking prevalent in his time, which had led to the overexploitation of forests. He advocated for a more balanced and sustainable approach to forestry, emphasizing carefully and continuously using wood resources.
Legacy and Sustainability Journey
Carlowitz's legacy extends far beyond coining a new term. His contributions laid the groundwork for the modern sustainability movement. His principles revolved around three key pillars:
Respect for Nature: Carlowitz celebrated nature's intrinsic beauty and value, viewing it as a sacred realm. He believed that nature should be cared for and protected, emphasizing the wonder and wonder-working processes of the natural world.
Management of Resources: Carlowitz emphasized the need for balance between resource extraction and regeneration. He advocated for the responsible use of resources, especially wood, to ensure their availability for future generations.
Strengthening the Community: Carlowitz recognized the importance of social ethics in sustainability. He believed that the community's well-being, including future generations, should precede short-term gains.
Carlowitz's work laid the foundation for sustainable development concepts, focusing on the conservation of nature, the responsible management of resources, and the betterment of society.
Carlowitz's ideas gained prominence in the 18th century, influencing forestry practices and policies in various German states. His emphasis on sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources marked a significant shift in environmental thinking during his time.
Over time, Carlowitz's term "nachhaltend" was modified to "nachhaltig," and the concept of "Nachhaltigkeit" (sustainability) became well-defined in the field of forestry. Throughout the 18th century, this concept gained traction and was applied to various aspects of resource management. Early foresters like Wilhelm Gottfried Moser and Alexander von Humboldt embraced the idea of sustainability as a reasonable, just, and wise approach. The concept of "Nachhaltigkeit" eventually evolved into a science, with forestry schools and academies founded to teach sustainable practices. These institutions were crucial in spreading the concept internationally, influencing forestry practices worldwide.
Notably, Carlowitz's work influenced renowned German poets and thinkers like Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller, who recognized the value of sustainable forestry and the wisdom of looking ahead to benefit future generations.
Interestingly, similar ideas about sustainability were developing independently in other parts of the world. In Japan, Tsugaru Nobumasa articulated the importance of maintaining a balance with nature and the sustainable use of resources.
The concept of sustainability continued to evolve, with one of the first attempts to apply sustainable forest management at the state level occurring in the Duchy of Saxe-Weimar in the mid-18th century. Carlowitz's ideas also played a role in developing the modern sustainability movement, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the environment, economy, and society.
Today, Carlowitz is recognized as one of the early pioneers of sustainable resource management and environmental conservation. His enduring legacy continues to shape modern discussions on sustainability and the responsible use of our planet's resources.
The Ongoing Journey towards Sustainability
In our present day, Carlowitz is acknowledged as one of the early trailblazers in sustainable resource management and environmental conservation. His introduction of the term "Nachhaltigkeit" and his unwavering commitment to responsible resource utilization continue to mold contemporary conversations on sustainability and the responsible stewardship of our environment.
Carlowitz's contributions acted as the cornerstone upon which the modern sustainability movement has been constructed. His focus primarily rested on the economic facets of sustainability, but later thinkers would broaden the concept to encompass social and environmental dimensions.
In Chemnitz, Germany, the hometown of Carlowitz, dedicated endeavors are in progress to safeguard and propagate his lasting legacy through the "Saxon Carlowitz Society for the Promotion of Sustainability." The objectives of this initiative encompass exploring, preserving, and transmitting Carlowitz's legacy, upholding the principles and ethics of sustainability, and enhancing the identity and reputation of the city of Chemnitz.
As we grapple with contemporary environmental challenges and the pressing need for sustainable development, Carlowitz's timeless ideas are a poignant reminder that sustainability is not a novel concept but a guiding principle that has been refined and expanded over centuries. Carlowitz's vision of meticulous and continuous resource management remains as pertinent today as it was in the 17th century, offering profound insights and inspiration for a more sustainable future.
Carlowitz's life and work stand as a testament to the enduring importance of sustainable resource management. His ideas, first introduced in the early 18th century, continue to resonate with modern environmental and sustainability movements, underscoring the intricate interplay among nature, economy, and society in our pursuit of a more sustainable future.
While Carlowitz's work laid the cornerstone for sustainable resource management, it also encountered challenges. The focus on sustained yield sometimes led to the establishment of monocultures, which reduced forest biodiversity. Additionally, the pursuit of maximum yield posed a threat to the natural regenerative capacity of ecosystems.
Today, sustainability encompasses a more comprehensive perspective, considering ecological, social, and economic dimensions. It underscores the necessity to harmonize human activities with the capacity of natural systems to sustain life. Carlowitz's legacy continues to exert a profound influence on modern sustainability efforts, constantly reminding us of the critical importance of responsible stewardship of our planet's resources.
Carlowitz's most significant contribution to forestry and sustainability is his 1713 publication, "Sylvicultura oeconomica." This seminal work stands as the first purely forest-related technical book in the German language. Carlowitz laid the foundation for sustainable forest management within its pages by emphasizing responsible practices in forest cultivation, rejuvenation, and maintenance. While he may not be the "father of sustainability," as he is sometimes portrayed, his ideas and principles undeniably played a pivotal role in developing the sustainability concept.
Carlowitz's work fervently advocated for the careful and sustainable use of forests, ensuring their ability to provide resources for future generations. His emphasis on responsible forest management resonates with modern-day environmental and sustainability efforts, firmly establishing him as an early pioneer.
During the 18th century, Carlowitz's ideas gained prominence, significantly influencing forestry practices and policies in various German states. Sustainable forestry, rooted in his principles, sought to strike a balance between timber harvesting and forest regeneration. His emphasis on sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources marked a profound shift in environmental thinking during his era.
Furthermore, Carlowitz's legacy extended beyond Germany, inspiring thinkers and practitioners worldwide, including the United States. Gifford Pinchot, the first Chief of the US Forest Service, received his training in Germany and introduced the concept of sustained yield forestry to the United States.
The Saxon Carlowitz Society for the Promotion of Sustainability
Carlowitz's legacy is celebrated through initiatives like the "Saxon Carlowitz Society for the Promotion of Sustainability." This organization aims to explore, preserve, and pass on Carlowitz's contributions to sustainability. Its goals include promoting the mission and ethics of sustainability, contributing to the identity and profile of the city of Chemnitz, and collaborating with other actors to promote sustainability strategies.
Carlowitz's work laid the foundation for sustainable forestry and resource management. His advocacy for the continuous, resilient, and sustainable use of forests echoed through the centuries, inspiring generations of foresters and environmentalists. His contributions to forestry did not go unnoticed, as his ideas and principles gradually gained recognition and acceptance.
In the late eighteenth century, sustainable yield forestry evolved into a science, and German foresters became global leaders. Students worldwide, including influential figures like Gifford Pinchot, traveled to Germany to learn about sustained yield forestry, spreading the knowledge and practices that von Carlowitz had championed.
Carlowitz's legacy extends beyond the field of forestry; it encompasses the broader concept of sustainability. While he primarily viewed trees as useful resources, he laid the groundwork for understanding the complex interplay between environmental conservation, economic stability, and social equity—the three pillars of modern sustainability.
Carlowitz's life journey from a mining administrator to a forestry pioneer demonstrates the transformative power of dedication and interdisciplinary learning. His groundbreaking work, "Sylvicultura oeconomica," not only contributed to the field of forestry but also sowed the seeds of sustainability that continue to flourish today.
Carlowitz's vision for a world where forests are sustainably managed, resources are used responsibly, and the well-being of both society and the environment is prioritized remains a powerful testament to the enduring impact of one individual's commitment to a more sustainable.
Hans Carl von Carlowitz: A Sustainable Journey Through Time
1645 - Birth and Early Life
Hans Carl von Carlowitz was born on December 14, 1645, on noble estates in Rabenstein, near Chemnitz, Saxony. His family was steeped in hunting and forestry traditions. His upbringing amidst the rugged existence of huntsmen and the refined life instills in him a deep appreciation for nature. It forms a unique perspective that blends practical skills with intellectual curiosity.
1659-1664 - Education
Carlowitz received his early education in Werdau and attended a renowned grammar school in Halle. He briefly studies law, political science, foreign languages, and natural sciences at the University of Jena, laying the foundation for his future contributions.
1665-1671 - Grand Tour of Europe
At 19, Carlowitz embarks on a "grand tour" of Europe, a tradition among aristocratic young men of the time, aiming to cultivate courtly manners and provide a broad academic foundation. His travels extend beyond the typical duration and geographic range, taking him to the Netherlands, Flanders, England, northern Germany, Denmark, Sweden, and various Italian cities. This journey exposes him to significant events like the Great Fire of London, which underscores the importance of sustainable resource management, and forestry reforms taking root in France under Colbert's influence.
1672-1679 - Forestry and Rising Through the Ranks
Returning to Saxony, Carlowitz assumes the position of adjunct to his father in Wolkenstein, later becoming the governor of Wolkenstein and Lauterstein. His responsibilities include forest management and utilization. By 1677, at age 32, he was appointed Deputy Director of the Inspectorate, serving the Saxon mining authorities, which led him to face the challenge of wood depletion critical for mining operations.
1700s - A Vision for Sustainability
In 1708, during an inspection by August the Strong, the Mines Inspectorate identified the unrestricted wood supply as a central issue. Carlowitz, now experienced in forestry and resource management, is tasked with devising a lasting solution.
1713 - Sylvicultura economica
Carlowitz publishes his groundbreaking work, "Sylvicultura economica," criticizing short-term economic thinking and emphasizing the importance of safeguarding resources for future generations. He introduces the term "nachhaltig," a precursor to "sustainable," proposing a multifaceted approach to forest management, including wood-saving techniques, exploring alternatives to wood, and systematic reforestation.
18th Century - Sustainability Takes Root
Carlowitz's ideas begin to gain recognition. The duchy of Saxe-Weimar, led by Duchess Anna Amalia, pioneers sustainable forestry practices, marking a significant state-wide forestry reform based on the principle of sustainability. This era also sees the beginning of reafforestation efforts captured by Goethe's drawing of the Ilmenau forests in 1776.
19th Century to Present - Global Influence and Ongoing Challenges
Germany has become the epicenter of sustainable forestry education, influencing global forestry practices. Today, as forests face threats like climate change, Carlowitz's legacy of sustainability principles guides responsible resource management and environmental stewardship, inspiring efforts toward a sustainable future.
Which location for Charlowitz Track?
• Chemnitz Hauptbahnhof: This is the main railway station in Chemnitz, which was opened in 1852 and became an important regional hub. It was heavily damaged during World War II and rebuilt in the 1950s and 1960s. Today, it offers various mobility services, such as bike rental, electric car charging, and taxi service. It also has a lost and found service and free Wi-Fi for travelers12
• Theaterplatz: This is a square in the city center, surrounded by the König-Albert-Museum, the Opera House, the St. Petrikirche, and the Hotel Chemnitzer Hof. It was named after the Opera House, which was formerly called the New City Theater. It was inaugurated in 1909 and is one of the largest and most modern theaters in Germany. It hosts classical and modern operas, operettas, and musicals. On the wall behind the monument, there is a quote from the Communist Manifesto in four languages: “Proletarians of all countries, unite!” 34
• Karl-Marx-Monument: This is a 7.1-meter-high and 40-ton bronze sculpture that depicts the stylized head of Karl Marx, the philosopher and socialist thinker. It was designed by the Soviet artist Lev Kerbel and unveiled in 1971. It is the second-largest portrait bust in the world and the most famous landmark of Chemnitz. It symbolizes the transformation of the city into a socialist model after World War II, when it was renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt56
• Museum für Naturkunde: This is a natural history museum that was founded in 1964 and moved to its current location in 1990. It displays various exhibits on geology, paleontology, zoology, and ecology, with a focus on the local and regional natural heritage. It also hosts educational programs and events for children and adults. One of its highlights is the petrified forest of Chemnitz, which dates back to 291 million years ago and is a unique testimony of the Permian period78
• Rathaus & Markt mit Marktbrunnen: This is the city hall and the market square of Chemnitz, which are located in the heart of the old town. The city hall was built in 1911 in a neo-Renaissance style and features a 65-meter-high tower. The market square is the oldest and most central place in the city, where various fairs and festivals take place throughout the year. The market fountain was installed in 2020 and is a modern art piece by Daniel Widrig, who won an international competition with his design “Manifold”. The fountain consists of four circular elements that reflect the surroundings and the people, creating a dialogue between the city and its inhabitants910
• Stadthallenpark und Roter Turm: This is a park and a tower that are located near the main station and the Theaterplatz. The park was created in the 19th century as a green area for recreation and leisure. It features a pond, a fountain, a playground, and a music pavilion, where various cultural events are held. The Roter Turm (Red Tower) is the oldest building in Chemnitz, dating back to the 12th century. It was part of the city’s fortifications and served as a watchtower, a prison, and a museum. Today, it houses a branch of the Schlossberg Museum, which displays historical and archaeological artifacts111213
• Chemnitzer Pinguine: This is a group of 14 bronze sculptures that depict emperor penguins, created by Peter Kallfels in 2004. They are located in the Inner Klosterstraße, near the city hall. They are a popular attraction for children and tourists, who like to touch and climb on them. The sculptures have a symbolic connection to Chemnitz, as the 12°55’11" east longitude line that runs through the street also crosses the Antarctic, where one of the largest colonies of emperor penguins lives. The sculptures also represent diversity, openness, dialogue, and tolerance in the city141516
• Carlowitz Congresscenter Chemnitz: This is a congress center that is connected to the Stadthalle Chemnitz, a traditional event hall. It was opened in 2019 and is named after Hans Carl von Carlowitz, the forest scientist and pioneer of sustainability who was born in Chemnitz. The congress center is a modern and creative venue for meetings, conferences, and concerts, with a flexible and open design. It also has a strong sustainability concept, based on energy efficiency, waste reduction, and environmental protection. It hosts various events that promote the idea of sustainable development and social responsibility171819
• Schloßteich Park: This is a park and a lake that belong to the oldest and most beautiful green areas in Chemnitz. The lake was created in 1493 as a fish pond for the Chemnitz monastery, which owned the land. The park was developed in the 19th century as a recreational area for the city, with paths, bridges, and benches. The park also features the Schillingsche Figuren, a group of statues that depict the four times of the day, created by Johannes Schilling in 1883. The park is a popular destination for families, walkers, and cyclists, who can enjoy the nature and the water. The lake also has a fountain, a boat rental, and an island with a pavilion202122
• Burg Rabenstein & Denkmal Hans Carl von Carlowitz: This is a castle and a monument that are located in the outskirts of Chemnitz, in the district of Rabenstein. The castle dates back to the 12th century and is the smallest medieval castle in Saxony. It was used as a residence, a fortress, and a hunting lodge by various noble families. Today, it is a museum and a cultural center, which hosts exhibitions, concerts, and medieval festivals. The monument is dedicated to Hans Carl von Carlowitz, who was born in the castle in 1645. It was erected in 2013, on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of his publication “Sylvicultura oeconomica”, which is considered the first treatise on sustainable forestry. The monument consists of a bronze bust of Carlowitz and a steel sculpture that symbolizes a tree232425
References
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Von Carlowitz, H. C. (1732). Sylvicultura Oeconomica oder Haußwirthliche Nachricht und Naturmäßige Anweisung zur Wilden Baum-Zucht Nebst Gründlicher Darstellung Wie... dem allenthalben und insgemein einreissenden Grossen Holtz-Mangel, Vermittelst Säe-Pflantz-und Versetzung vielerhand Bäume zu rathen... Worbey zugleich eine gründliche Nachricht von dem in Churfl. Sächß. Landen Gefundenen Turff... befindlich (Vol. 1). Bey Johann Friedrich Brauns sel. Erben.
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