{"id":136724,"key":"TissueDB/Tissues/Blood","title":"TissueDB/Tissues/Blood","latest":{"id":1275606,"timestamp":"2026-09-21T00:17:48Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{TissueDB Tissue Layout\n| lead_paragraph = '''Blood''' is a specialised connective tissue composed of plasma and cellular elements (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) that functions in oxygen transport, immune response, and haemostasis.<ref name=\"premnath-plasma\">Mahadevarao Premnath S, Sankar P, Khalil B. \"Physiology, Blood Plasma.\" ''StatPearls''. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; updated 15 July 2026. NCBI Bookshelf [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK531504/ NBK531504]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30285399/ 30285399].</ref>\n\nThe blood a learner sees in these models is a substitute. The '''fake blood''' recorded below is dyed saline, water tinted with red dye or paint, or red liquid latex, used to make bleeding visible during training.\n| materials = <tr>\n<td>Saline + [[TissueDB/Materials/Ink or Dye|red food colouring]]</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Trainer|Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization Trainer]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Hemorrhage Control Simulator (Malik)|Hemorrhage Control Simulator (Malik)]]</td>\n<td>Dyed-saline blood analogue</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Normal Saline|Normal Saline]] + red dye</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Kei)|Kei REAL CRIC Trainer]]</td>\n<td>Red-dyed saline delivered through IV tubing from a reservoir bag to simulate bleeding during vertical cricothyrotomy incision.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Water</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Tourniquet Simulator|Tourniquet Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Wound Packing Simulator|Wound Packing Simulator]]</td>\n<td>Pumped circulating fluid</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Red school paint + water</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Synthetic Tourniquet Training Model (Souza Lima)|Synthetic Tourniquet Training Model (Souza Lima)]]</td>\n<td>Red school paint mixed with water to a near-blood consistency, driven from a modified saline reservoir by an air pump so it gushes at the simulated wound.</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Saline with food colouring + corn starch</td>\n<td>-</td>\n<td>-</td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Massive Hemoptysis Simulator (New)|Massive Hemoptysis Simulator (New)]]</td>\n<td>Saline (or water) tinted with food colouring, with corn starch suspended in it to increase the fluid's opacity, as the simulated blood, fed from an external bag through roller-clamped tubing into selected segmental bronchi to drive controllable airway bleeding (New et al. 2024).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Saline stained with red food dye</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Calvo)|Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Calvo)]]</td>\n<td>A 1 L saline bag stained red with food dye, held in a pressuriser and fed through a tunnelled IV set; the pork-belly subcutaneous layer is infiltrated so incising the skin produces visible bleeding (Calvo et al. 2021).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Water + red dye</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Intra-abdominal Bleeding Simulator (Fernandes)|Intra-abdominal Bleeding Simulator (Fernandes)]]</td>\n<td>Water tinted with red dye as a simulated-blood substitute; one one-litre reservoir feeds the aorta and is squeezed for pulsatile arterial flow, a second feeds the vena cava under gravity (Fernandes et al. 2023).</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Ink or Dye|Red food colouring]] in water</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Simulator (Kumar)|Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Simulator (Kumar)]]</td>\n<td>Red-coloured water<ref name=\"kumar2024\">Kumar R, Kumar R. An Indigenous Suction-assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Simulation System. ''Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine'' 2024;28(7):702–705. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24760 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24760]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38994267/ 38994267].</ref></td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Latex, Liquid|Red liquid latex]]</td>\n<td></td>\n<td></td>\n<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Soft Tissue Lesion Simulator|UGHE Low-Cost Soft-Tissue Simulation Module]]</td>\n<td>The wound debridement model — a large sponge cut to represent wounded skin and tissue, with vinyl pieces set in the cuts as debris — was painted with red liquid latex to represent blood (Wittenberg et al. 2025).<ref name=\"wittenberg2025\">Wittenberg RE, Bryce-Alberti M, Shimelash NZ, Masimbi O, Kratky LE, Thompson AA, et al. \"Low-cost simulation models for soft-tissue procedures for medical student education in Rwanda.\" ''BMC Medical Education''. 2025;25(1):1271. DOI [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-025-07910-4 10.1186/s12909-025-07910-4]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41034833/ 41034833]. PMC12487576.</ref></td>\n</tr>\n| related_structures =\n* [[TissueDB/Tissues/Blood Vessel|Blood Vessel]] — blood circulates within blood vessels\n| synonyms_text = Simulated blood, blood analogue, blood simulant, fake blood, stage blood, theatrical blood\n\nAnatomical terms: Haema, sanguis\n\nRegional terms: Sang (FR), Sangre (ES), Blut (DE), Sangue (IT/PT), Bloed (NL)\n| references = <references />\n}}\n\n{{Page data}}"}