{"id":137275,"key":"TissueDB/Structures/Abdominal_Wall","title":"TissueDB/Structures/Abdominal Wall","latest":{"id":1261044,"timestamp":"2026-08-17T04:06:53Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{TissueDB Structure Layout\n| references = <references />\n''Sources consulted for this page but not cited at a specific claim:''\n\n* Alkatout I, Mettler L. \"Abdominal anatomy in the context of port placement and trocars.\" Journal of Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2015;16:241-251. PMID: 26692776 [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4664217/ PMC4664217]\n* Gray H. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 41st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2020.\n| lead_paragraph = '''Abdominal Wall''' — seven-layer anatomical structure that surgeons penetrate in every abdominal approach.\n| component_tissues_rows = <tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Skin|Skin]]</td><td>Superficial. Outermost</td><td>Epidermis and dermis. First tactile resistance</td></tr>\n<tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Adipose Tissue|Subcutaneous fat]]</td><td>Deep to skin</td><td>Variable with BMI. Compressible layer</td></tr>\n<tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Fascia|Scarpa's fascia]]</td><td>Deep to subcutaneous fat</td><td>First distinct \"pop\" on incision. Membranous layer</td></tr>\n<tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Fascia|Rectus sheath anterior layer]]</td><td>Deep to Scarpa's</td><td>Aponeurotic. Holds sutures</td></tr>\n<tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Muscle|Rectus abdominis muscle]]</td><td>Deep to anterior rectus sheath</td><td>Compressible. Variable thickness</td></tr>\n<tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Fascia|Transversalis fascia]]</td><td>Deep to muscle</td><td>Final distinct \"pop\". Critical landmark</td></tr>\n<tr><td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Peritoneum and Serosa|Peritoneum]]</td><td>Deepest. Visceral boundary</td><td>Translucent. Final layer before peritoneal cavity</td></tr>\n| overview = The anterior abdominal wall is a seven-layer anatomical structure. It extends from skin to peritoneum and forms the anterior boundary of the abdominal cavity. Surgeons encounter this structure in every abdominal approach. They must learn to recognise each layer by touch for safe peritoneal entry.\n| synonyms_text =\n* Anterior abdominal wall\n* Abdominal parietes\n* Ventral body wall\n| related_structures =\n* [[TissueDB/Tissues/Rectus Sheath|Rectus Sheath]]\n* [[TissueDB/Structures/Umbilicus|Umbilicus]]\n* [[TissueDB/Tissues/Peritoneum and Serosa|Peritoneum]]\n| clinical_context = '''Procedures using this structure:'''\n\n* Laparoscopic entry (Veress needle, trocar placement)\n* Open abdominal surgery (laparotomy via midline or paramedian incisions)\n* Cesarean section (lower transverse incision through muscle)\n* Emergency damage control (rapid fascial opening)\n* Hernia repair (fascial integrity assessment)\n* Peritoneal dialysis catheter placement\n| simulation_considerations = Accurate layer simulation prevents careless peritoneal penetration and the bowel injury that follows. Each layer must produce distinct tactile feedback. The subcutaneous fat layer is the greatest variable, requiring adjustable thickness to represent patient habitus variability.\n| hero_image = Gray399.svg\n| hero_image_caption = Cross-section of the anterior abdominal wall showing the rectus, the three flat muscle layers, transversalis fascia and peritoneum meeting at the linea alba.\n}}\n\n== Simulators ==\n\nAbdominal wall simulation is incorporated in:\n\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Trocar Placement Simulator|Trocar Placement Trainer]] — laparoscopic entry through abdominal wall\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Appendectomy Simulator|Appendectomy Simulator]] — open and laparoscopic access and closure\n\n{{Page data|keywords=abdominal wall, anatomical layers, peritoneum, surgical access, fascia|description=Seven-layer anatomical structure of the anterior abdominal wall for surgical simulation training.|hide=yes}}\n\n[[Category:TDB structures]]"}