{"id":137857,"key":"TissueDB/Simulators","title":"TissueDB/Simulators","latest":{"id":1276743,"timestamp":"2026-09-22T22:31:38Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{Search box\n| prefix = TissueDB/Simulators\n| button = Search simulators\n| left = yes\n}}\n\n== Indexed Simulators ==\n\n{{List subpages}}\n\n== Simulators by Procedure ==\n\nBrowse the simulator and model descriptions below. Author and year identify the source paper where supplied.\n\n=== Craniotomy ===\n\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Emergency Craniotomy Simulator|Emergency Craniotomy Simulator]].\n\n=== Gynecological Models ===\n\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Uterine Model|3D Printed Uterus Simulator]].\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cervix and Vaginal Canal Simulator|Cervix and Vaginal Canal Simulator]].\n\n=== Bone Models ===\n\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Humeral Bone Model|3D Printed Humeral Bone Model]] — related simulators: [[TissueDB/Simulators/Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator|Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator]] and [[TissueDB/Simulators/Long Bone Drilling Simulator|Long Bone Drilling Simulator]].\n* [[TissueDB/Simulators/Tibial Bone Model|3D Printed Tibial Bone Model]] — related simulators: [[TissueDB/Simulators/Tibial Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator|Tibial Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator]] and [[TissueDB/Simulators/Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator|Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator]].\n\n=== Cricothyrotomy ===\n\nEmergency surgical airway — \"can't intubate, can't oxygenate\" (CICO) scenario.\n\n* Aho (2015) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Aho)]]. Toilet paper roll, Styrofoam, fabric skin. <$0.10 per unit. USA.\n* Calvo (2021) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Calvo)]]. 3D-printed trachea, pork belly, artificial blood. Spain.\n* D'Auria (2014) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (D'Auria)]]. 3D-printed cartilages, conductive foil sensors, automatic evaluation. Italy.\n* Gauger (2018) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyroidotomy Simulator (Gauger)]]. 3D-printed silicone laryngotracheal model, mannequin integration. Ethiopia/USA.\n* Kei (2019) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Kei)]]. 3D-printed trachea, pork belly, bleeding via dyed saline. USA/Canada.\n* Muller (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cricothyrotomy Simulator (Muller)]]. Manikin, porcine skin overlay, scalpel-finger-Bougie technique. USA.\n\n=== Chest Tube / Thoracostomy ===\n\nClosed chest drainage and tube thoracostomy insertion.\n\n* Bettega (2019) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega)]]. 3D-printed ribs from CT, synthetic thoracic cavity. ~$133. Brazil.\n* Brannan (2021) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)]]. 3D-printed multifunctional thorax, TPE/silicone skin layers. ~$180 CAD for printing. Canada.\n* Carter (2010) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Multipurpose Thoracic Simulator (Carter)]]. Porcine rib rack, IV fluid bag, headliner foam. USA.\n* Nasri (2023) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Man-O-War)]]. This ''is'' the \"Man-O-War simulator\" of Nasri et al. 2023 (funnel bucket, plaster ribs, foam parietal wall, cement base; $15; Tunisia).\n\n=== Anastomosis ===\n\nVascular and bowel anastomosis training.\n\n* Alkis Akdag (2024) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Trainer]] (\"STA-MCA Bypass Trainer (Akdag)\"). Chicken and turkey arteries, 3D-printed cranial mould + silicone brain, FSR pressure sensors, aquarium-pump loop. ~$705 for the materials listed in the study. Turkey. '''Distinct from''' the Cikla grapefruit ACA model (different target vessel, tissue simulants, apparatus and cost).\n* Cubas (2022) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Vascular Anastomosis Simulator (Cubas)]]. Plastic container, crocodile hooks, galvanized wire. $9.75. Peru.\n* Habti (2023) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Bowel Anastomosis Simulator (Habti)]]. 3D-printed mould, silicone bowel segments. ~$35 CAD. Canada.\n\n=== Pediatric Airway ===\n\nPediatric front-of-neck access and airway management.\n\n* Carter (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Paediatric Airway Management Trainer (Carter)]]. Polyjet 3D-printed infant trachea from CT. New Zealand.\n* Kovatch (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Pediatric Front-of-Neck Access Simulator (Kovatch)]]. 3D-printed silicone pediatric airway model in mannequin. USA.\n\n=== Other Procedures ===\n\nIndividual simulator designs.\n\n* Qaim Ali (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Neonatal ETT Ultrasound Simulator (Qaim Ali)|neonatal endotracheal tube placement trainer]] (beef gelatin, POCUS). Pakistan.\n* Amiel (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Knot Tying Force-Feedback Simulator (Amiel)|knot-tying / vessel-ligation force-feedback trainer]] (Knoti). Israel.\n* Cikla (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Grapefruit Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Bypass Simulator|Grapefruit distal ACA bypass simulator]]. ~$12 for reusable circuit components. USA. (Separate from the Akdag STA-MCA model above.)\n* Cohen (2020) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Skin Graft Harvesting Simulator (Cohen)|pomelo-fruit skin-graft harvesting trainer]] (Humby's knife). Israel.\n* Almeida (2023) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Suture Simulator (Almeida)|silicone suturing model]] (acetic silicone + maize starch). Brazil.\n* Ewald (2019) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Percutaneous Renal Access Simulator (Ewald)]]. Ballistic-gelatin percutaneous renal access trainer. USA.\n* Fernandes (2023) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Intra-abdominal Bleeding Simulator (Fernandes)|intra-abdominal bleeding control simulator]] (latex tubes, silicone rubber). Brazil.\n* Kattan (2019) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Bronchoscopy-Guided Percutaneous Dilatational Tracheostomy Simulator (Kattan)|bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy trainer]]. Chile.\n* Hu (2015) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/VesselBox Vessel Ligation Trainer (Hu)|VesselBox vessel-ligation trainer]]. USA.\n* Keller (2016) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta Simulator (Keller)|REBOA Simulator (Keller)]]. Pulsatile perfusion model. USA.\n* Lee (2021) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Injection Laryngoplasty Simulator (Lee)|3D-printed laryngeal model for injection laryngoplasty]]. USA.\n* Leiton-Espinoza (2025) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/CPR Simulator (Leiton-Espinoza)|auditory-feedback CPR trainer]] (\"Salvando a Rosita\"). Peru.\n* Kumaresan (2014) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Suturing Simulator (Kumaresan)|layered suturing model]] (foam, putty, elastomeric material). Malaysia.\n* Medeiros (2023) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Abdominal Wall Defect Simulator (Medeiros)|congenital abdominal wall defect trainer]] (gastroschisis + omphalocele). Brazil.\n* Micallef (2021) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Infant Intraosseous Infusion Simulator (Micallef)]]. 3D-printed infant tibial intraosseous infusion. Canada.\n* New (2024) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Massive Hemoptysis Simulator (New)|massive hemoptysis simulator]] (3D-printed airway tree, artificial blood). USA.\n* Bakhshi (2022) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Cranial Burr Hole and Craniotomy Simulator (Bakhshi)|Cranial Burr Hole and Craniotomy Simulator (Bakhshi)]] + [[TissueDB/Simulators/Lumbar Laminectomy and Dural Closure Simulator (Bakhshi)|Lumbar Laminectomy and Dural Closure Simulator (Bakhshi)]]. Two complementary models from the neurosurgery-bootcamp suite (a 7-station, 12-skill bootcamp): a 3D-printed ABS skull ($57) for burr-holes/craniotomy and an in-house spine-surgery simulator ($60: foam+rexine book-fold block, saw-bone L1–S1 spine, latex-glove dura). The other five stations use commercial kit, animal tissue or hardware rather than an in-house build. Pakistan.\n* Haynes (2021) — [[TissueDB/Simulators/Neonatal Ventilation Simulator (Haynes)]]. A buy-not-make reference for the '''commercial NeoNatalie Live™ neonatal positive-pressure-ventilation manikin (Laerdal Medical)''' — a purchased device, not a DIY build. Norway.\n\n== Source Review ==\n\nThe author–year entries were identified through the RCSI scoping review of simulators for procedural skills (Peric & O'Flynn, 2026). Source-paper attribution is retained alongside each entry.\n\n{{Page data|hide=yes}}"}