{"id":142073,"key":"TissueDB/Materials/Polyvinyl_Alcohol/zh","title":"TissueDB/Materials/Polyvinyl Alcohol/zh","latest":{"id":1260896,"timestamp":"2026-08-16T20:05:31Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{Delete|reason=Stale translation: the English page has been corrected since this translation was made, so this page shows readers text we have withdrawn. Marked for an administrator to review.}}\n\n{{Automatic translation notice}}\n\n{{DISPLAYTITLE:TissueDB /材料/聚乙烯醇}}<html><div class=\"mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output\" lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\"><div class=\"template-notice noprint navigation-not-searchable\"><span class=\"mw-default-size template-notice-image\" typeof=\"mw:File\"><span><img alt=\"\" src=\"/w/images/thumb/e/ef/SELF_Logo.png/60px-SELF_Logo.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"56\" height=\"24\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"/w/images/thumb/e/ef/SELF_Logo.png/120px-SELF_Logo.png 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"676\" data-file-height=\"293\"></span></span><div class=\"template-notice-content\"><span class=\"template-notice-more\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">▼</font></font></span><span class=\"template-notice-title\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"></font><a href=\"/SELF_Tissue_Database\" class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"SELF组织数据库\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">本页面是SELF 组织数据库</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">的材料条目</font><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">。</font></font></span><span class=\"template-notice-text\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">它记录了该材料的组织应用、实用指南和相关模拟器，以支持低成本、可重复的手术模拟器开发。</font></font></span></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1193816\">.mw-parser-output .template-notice{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle);box-sizing:border-box;margin:1em 0;overflow:hidden;padding:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-notice-image{float:left;margin:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-notice-content{overflow:hidden;margin:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-notice-title{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .template-notice-title~.template-notice-text{margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .template-notice-more{cursor:pointer;float:right}.mw-parser-output .template-notice.collapse{clear:both;float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:310px}.mw-parser-output .template-notice.collapse .template-notice-title~.template-notice-text{display:none}body.read-mode .mw-parser-output .template-notice{float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:310px}body.read-mode .mw-parser-output .template-notice-title~.template-notice-text{display:none}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .template-notice.collapse,.mw-parser-output .template-notice{float:none;margin:1em 0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .template-notice-title~.template-notice-text{display:none}}</style><figure typeof=\"mw:File/Thumb\"><a href=\"/File:Sample_of_Polyvinyl_alcohol.jpg\" class=\"mw-file-description\"><img alt=\"聚乙烯醇样品\" src=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sample_of_Polyvinyl_alcohol.jpg/500px-Sample_of_Polyvinyl_alcohol.jpg\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"475\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sample_of_Polyvinyl_alcohol.jpg/960px-Sample_of_Polyvinyl_alcohol.jpg 1.5x\" data-file-width=\"3002\" data-file-height=\"4076\"></a><figcaption><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">聚乙烯醇（PVA）样品，PVA是一种水溶性合成聚合物。</font></font><br><small><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">许可协议：</font></font><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CC-BY-SA-3.0，</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">作者：</font></font><span><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">LHcheM</font></font></span></small></figcaption></figure><p><b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">聚乙烯醇（PVA</font></font></b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">）是一种水溶性合成聚合物，在工作坊中以多种形式出现。决定其在模拟中性能的并非聚合物本身，而是其形式。</font></font></p><p><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">作为一种</font></font><b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">可溶解的支撑丝，</font></font></b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> PVA 材料用于熔融沉积成型 (FDM) 3D 打印。在双喷头打印中，打印机会在主打印丝（通常为 PLA 或 TPE）旁边沉积 PVA 支撑条，然后将打印好的部件浸入水中溶解 PVA。支撑丝对于无法一次打印完成的内部空腔、悬垂结构和复杂关节等部件非常有用，它会在后处理过程中被消耗掉，而不是残留在成品部件中。</font></font></p><p><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">作为一种</font></font><b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">冷冻凝胶或水凝胶，</font></font></b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">它被溶解后经过反复的冻融循环，最终凝固成一种富有弹性的自愈合凝胶。这种形态的特性与丝状物截然相反：它本身就是最终成品，可用作超声和弹性成像训练的组织模拟体，也可制成管状物来模拟血管。</font></font></p><p><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">因为一种形式会被冲刷掉，而另一种形式会保留在建筑材料中，所以两者不能互换。在用一种形式替换另一种形式之前，请先确认来源指的是哪种形式。</font></font></p><p><b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">关于名称的说明。PVA</font></font></b><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">也指聚醋酸乙烯酯，也就是我们常说的白色木工胶和工艺胶，有时也叫乙烯基胶。它与聚乙烯醇是不同的聚合物，也不是本页所描述的材料。</font></font></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><p><br></p><meta property=\"mw:PageProp/toc\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"Used_In_Simulators\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">用于模拟器</font></font></h2></div><div style=\"overflow-x: auto; clear: both;\"><table class=\"wikitable\"><tbody><tr><th><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">模拟器</font></font></th><th><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">目的</font></font></th><th><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">笔记</font></font></th></tr><tr><td><a href=\"/TissueDB/Simulators/Chest_Tube_Insertion_Simulator_(Brannan)\" title=\"TissueDB/模拟器/胸管插入模拟器（Brannan）\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">布兰南胸管模拟器</font></font></a></td><td><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">用于双喷头FDM打印的可溶解支撑丝（肋条、关节、支架）</font></font></td><td><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">消耗品。使用前从最终模拟器几何体中溶解掉。</font></font><sup id=\"cite_ref-brannan2021_1-0\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"#cite_note-brannan2021-1\"><span class=\"cite-bracket\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">[</font></font></span><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> 1 </font></font><span class=\"cite-bracket\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">]</font></font></span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading2\"><h2 id=\"References\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">参考</font></font></h2></div><div class=\"mw-references-wrap\"><ol class=\"references\"><li id=\"cite_note-brannan2021-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><a href=\"#cite_ref-brannan2021_1-0\" aria-label=\"蹿\" title=\"蹿\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">↑</font></font></a></span> <span class=\"reference-text\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Brannan V, Dunne CL, Dubrowski A, Parsons MH (2021). “用于基于模拟的胸腔闭式引流术训练的新型3D打印多功能胸腔模型模拟器的开发。” </font></font><i><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CJEM</font></font></i><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> 23:547–550。DOI：</font></font><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00102-1\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">10.1007/s43678-021-00102-1。PMID</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">：</font></font><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33783760/\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">33783760</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">。</font></font></span></li></ol></div><div class=\"mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible\" style=\"border:1px solid #aaa; padding:5px; margin-bottom:1em;\"><div class=\"mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed\" style=\"font-weight:bold; float:none;\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">概览</font></font></div><div class=\"mw-collapsible-content\" hidden=\"until-found\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Overview\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">概述</font></font></h3></div><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Synonyms\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">同义词</font></font></h3></div></div></div><div class=\"mw-collapsible mw-collapsed mw-made-collapsible\" style=\"border:1px solid #aaa; padding:5px; margin-bottom:1em;\"><div class=\"mw-collapsible-toggle mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed\" style=\"font-weight:bold; float:none;\" aria-expanded=\"false\" tabindex=\"0\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">背景</font></font></div><div class=\"mw-collapsible-content\" hidden=\"until-found\"><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Clinical_Context_for_Simulation\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">模拟的临床背景</font></font></h3></div><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Processing_&amp;_Preparation\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">加工与准备</font></font></h3></div><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Safety_Considerations\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">安全注意事项</font></font></h3></div><div class=\"mw-heading mw-heading3\"><h3 id=\"Related_Materials\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">相关材料</font></font></h3></div></div></div><div class=\"template-databox searchaux\" tabindex=\"0\"><table><caption><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">页面数据</font></font></caption><tbody><tr class=\"noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">关键词</font></font></th><td><span class=\"EditParam noprint\" data-template=\"Page data\" data-param=\"keywords\" data-value=\"PVA, polyvinyl alcohol, PVA cryogel, PVA hydrogel, freeze-thaw gel, tissue-mimicking phantom, ultrasound phantom, elastography, dissolvable support, water-soluble filament, 3D printing support, FDM support material, surgical simulation, TissueDB\" data-separator=\"\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(162, 169, 177);\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z\"></path></svg></span><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22PVA%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PVA</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22polyvinyl+alcohol%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">聚乙烯醇</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22PVA+cryogel%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PVA 冷冻凝胶</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22PVA+hydrogel%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PVA 水凝胶</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22freeze-thaw+gel%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">冻融凝胶</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22tissue-mimicking+phantom%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">组织模拟体模</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22ultrasound+phantom%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">超声体模</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22elastography%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">弹性成像</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22dissolvable+support%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">可溶解支撑材料</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22water-soluble+filament%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">水溶性线材</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%223D+printing+support%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">3D 打印支撑</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">材料、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22FDM+support+material%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">FDM 支撑材料</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22surgical+simulation%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">手术模拟</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=%22TissueDB%22\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TissueDB</font></font></a></td></tr><tr class=\"trim noprint suggested\"><th title=\"可持续发展目标\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">可持续发展目标</font></font></th><td><span class=\"EditParam noprint\" data-template=\"Page data\" data-param=\"sdg\" data-value=\"\" data-separator=\"\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(162, 169, 177);\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z\"></path></svg></span></td></tr><tr class=\"suggested\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">作者</font></font></th><td><span class=\"EditParam noprint\" data-template=\"Page data\" data-param=\"authors\" data-value=\"Arturopelayo\" data-separator=\"\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(162, 169, 177);\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z\"></path></svg></span><span><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">阿图罗佩拉约</font></font></span></td></tr><tr class=\"\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">执照</font></font></th><td><span class=\"EditParam noprint\" data-template=\"Page data\" data-param=\"license\" data-value=\"\" data-separator=\"\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(162, 169, 177);\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z\"></path></svg></span><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CC-BY-SA-4.0</font></font></a></td></tr><tr class=\"noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">语言</font></font></th><td><span class=\"EditParam noprint\" data-template=\"Page data\" data-param=\"language\" data-value=\"en\" data-separator=\"\" style=\"cursor: pointer; color: rgb(162, 169, 177);\"><svg width=\"14\" height=\"14\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z\"></path></svg></span><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=inlanguage%3Aen\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">英语</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">（en）</font></font></td></tr><tr class=\"auto noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">有关的</font></font></th><td><a href=\"/Special:PrefixIndex/TissueDB/Materials/PVA/\" title=\"特殊：前缀索引/组织数据库/材料/PVA/\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">0 个子页面</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">，</font></font><a href=\"/Special:WhatLinksHere/TissueDB/Materials/PVA\" title=\"特别链接：WhatLinksHere/TissueDB/Materials/PVA\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">5 个页面链接到这里</font></font></a></td></tr><tr class=\"auto noprint\"><th title=\"重定向到此页面的页面标题。\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">重定向</font></font></th><td><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=TissueDB/Materials/PVA_Hydrogel_Tubing&amp;redirect=no\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TissueDB/Materials/PVA水凝胶管</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=TissueDB/Materials/PVA_Cryogel&amp;redirect=no\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TissueDB/Materials/PVA冷冻凝胶</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=TissueDB/Materials/Polyvinyl_Alcohol_Cryogel&amp;redirect=no\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TissueDB/Materials/聚乙烯醇冷冻凝胶</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=TissueDB/Materials/Polyvinyl_Alcohol_Hydrogel_Tubing&amp;redirect=no\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">TissueDB/Materials/聚乙烯醇水凝胶管</font></font></a></td></tr><tr class=\"auto noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">浏览量</font></font></th><td><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">9 次页面浏览（</font></font><a href=\"/Special:Analytics/TissueDB/Materials/PVA\" title=\"专题：分析/组织数据库/材料/聚乙烯醇\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">分析</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">）</font></font></td></tr><tr class=\"auto noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">创建</font></font></th><td><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=incategory%3A2026\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2026 年</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">4 月 18 日</font><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">作者：</font></font><a href=\"/User:Arturopelayo\" title=\"用户：Arturopelayo\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">阿图罗·佩拉约</font></font></a></td></tr><tr class=\"auto noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">最后编辑</font></font></th><td><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&amp;search=2026\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">2026 年</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">7 月 20 日</font><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">作者：</font></font><a href=\"/User:Arturopelayo\" title=\"用户：Arturopelayo\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">阿图罗·佩拉约</font></font></a></td></tr><tr class=\"auto plainlinks\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">引用方式</font></font></th><td><span class=\"citation web\"><span><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Arturopelayo</font></font></span><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> (2026). </font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"https://www.appropedia.org/TissueDB/Materials/PVA\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">“TissueDB/Materials/PVA”</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Appropedia </font></font><span class=\"reference-accessdate\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">. 2026年7月22日检索</font></font></span><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">。</font></font></span></td></tr><tr class=\"auto plainlinks noprint\"><th title=\"\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">API 查询</font></font></th><td><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/TissueDB%2FMaterials%2FPVA\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">基本</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/TissueDB%2FMaterials%2FPVA/semantic\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">语义</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/TissueDB%2FMaterials%2FPVA/html\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">HTML</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a target=\"_self\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" class=\"text\" href=\"//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/TissueDB%2FMaterials%2FPVA/links/media\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">文件</font></font></a><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">、</font></font><a href=\"/Appropedia:APIs\" title=\"Appropedia：API\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><font dir=\"auto\" style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">更多</font></font></a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate=\"TemplateStyles:r1195330\">.mw-parser-output .template-databox{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle);box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;margin:1em 0}.mw-parser-output .template-databox caption{cursor:pointer;font-weight:bold;margin:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox caption:after{content:\"▼\";margin-left:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox table{border-spacing:.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .template-databox tbody{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox th,.mw-parser-output .template-databox td{padding:.1em .5em;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .template-databox th{text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-databox th[title]:not([title=\"\"]){cursor:help;text-decoration:underline dotted}.mw-parser-output .template-databox td{grid-column-start:2;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .template-databox tr{border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle);border-radius:4px}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .EditParam{float:right}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .smw-highlighter{float:right;margin-right:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .hide{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.trim td,.mw-parser-output .template-databox .trim td{max-width:1px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.trim a:hover,.mw-parser-output .template-databox .trim a:hover{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.float{float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:310px}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.hide{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.collapse tbody{display:none}body.read-mode .mw-parser-output .template-databox tbody{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.ve-ce-leafNode .auto{opacity:.5}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .template-databox table{display:table}.mw-parser-output .template-databox tbody{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.trim td,.mw-parser-output .template-databox .trim td{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.float{float:none;margin:.5em 0;width:100%}}</style></div><div class=\"printfooter\" data-nosnippet=\"\"></div></html>\n\n{{Page data}}"}