{"id":49325,"key":"Science_funding_in_the_U.S._literature_review","title":"Science funding in the U.S. literature review","latest":{"id":1208704,"timestamp":"2025-11-28T00:41:20Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{MOST}}\n\nThis page is a literature review of the funding of [[science]] in the U.S.\n\n== Background ==\n\nSpecific facts:\n\n* Funding per year, over time\n\nNSF, “NSF Funding History - Sides,” Budget Internet Information System. [Online]. Available: http://dellweb.bfa.nsf.gov/nsffundhist_files/frame.htm. [Accessed: 15-Aug-2013].\n\n* Funding by agency & discipline & state (includes success rates as %)\n\nNSF, “NSF Funding Rate by State and Organization and Discipline.” [Online]. Available: http://dellweb.bfa.nsf.gov/awdfr3/default.asp. [Accessed: 15-Aug-2013].\n\n== Hardware design funding ==\n\n* History\n* Methods\n** NSF funds major equipment [http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=5260]\n\nR. Phelps and K. McCloud, “National Science Foundation - Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Webcast - Program Summary and 2013 Completition Overview,” 14-Dec-2012.\n\n''Summary:''\n\n''pg. 10 - outlines strategic goals. #2 - foster development of next generation instrumentation, resulting in more widespread use and open up new areas of research/research training. #3 integrate research w. education''\n\n''pg. 11 - development effort is: (1)adding capabilities not available from vendors (2)requires design work and (3) a cross-functional team (4) work (5) over an extended period of time (6) may require component fabrication (7)may involve risk''\n\n''pg. 15 - will not fund: general purpose lab equipment (i.e computers) or platforms (i.e vehicles), instruments used for science/engineering education, multiple instruments (unless they act as an integrated system)''\n\nOffice of Integrative Activities, “Major Research Instrumentation Brochure.” National Science Foundation.\n\n''MRI Goals - catalyzing knowledge and discoveries, empowering the nations scientists & engineers, building capacity for a diverse workforce, develop next generation instrumentation, promote academic & private sector partnerships''\n\n <blockquote>\nThe MRI program does not support requests for general purpose ancillary laboratory equipment or multiple instruments that serve to outfit a laboratory or research environment. The MRI program also does not support the acquisition or development of instrumentation used primarily for science and engineering education courses\n</blockquote>\n\n** Funding of development of scientific equipment through an SBIR program [http://www.sbir.gov/]\n** Specific calls -- e.g. engineering type work to design equipment like this: [http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=13346]\n\n== Bayh-Dole ==\n\n* Summary - initial law\n* any updates\n\n=== Critical literature of Bayh-Dole ===\n\n* Joshua M. Pearce \"[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/491519a Make nanotechnology research open-source]\", ''Nature'' '''491''', pp. 519–521(2012). and Joshua M. Pearce, Open-source nanotechnology: Solutions to a modern intellectual property tragedy,''Nano Today'', Available online 29 May 2013 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2013.04.001 (open access coming soon).\n** Nanotech thicket created by BD encouraging patenting of basic science - stalls innovation\n\n== How does the NSF decide on what is funded? ==\n\n* How they work - http://www.nsf.gov/about/how.jsp\n* Merit Review - http://www.nsf.gov/bfa/dias/policy/merit_review/\n* Interview NSF on the phone how choices are made for what to make CFP on?\n\n=== Critical literature on the NSF ===\n\n* http://nsfisbroken.proboards.com/index.cgi\n* https://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=dr-no-money\n\n== How does the NSF determine return on investment? ==\n\n* quantifiable metrics, what are their results\n\n== Science equipment spending ==\n\n* How big is the scientific equipment industry?\n** How profitable is it?\n* How much money do US scientists spend on equipment per year?\n* What are the big volume items - e.g. stuff that everyone of one type has in their lab?\n* What are the big $ total items (e.g. sure everyone has test-tubes but if every school needs an SEM...)\n\n{{Page data\n| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0\n}}\n\n[[Category:MOST literature reviews]]"}