{"id":43796,"key":"Native_freshwater_organisms_by_region","title":"Native freshwater organisms by region","latest":{"id":1211710,"timestamp":"2025-11-28T14:28:50Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{Expertise needed notice}}\n\n== Why native organisms ? ==\n\nNative organisms can be expected to fit the [[ecology]] of the region, and be able to grow in the [[climate]] and [[soil]] of the region. They can also play an important role in reducing the [[Food distribution|distance food needs to travel]]. However, native organisms may not always be as productive as the more popular domesticated counterparts or attain equally high prices. The latter is often a result of being not well known (and thus disliked) by the population (at least at first).\n\nNative organisms should always be considered in [[aquaculture]] as they are generally hardier and thus [[Food security|safer organisms]] in terms of providing food (especially today, with global warming affecting the environment). They are however not the most appropriate choice in some situations. As most freshwater species will be cultivated in secluded environments (ie ponds, tanks/basins) and as contact to the outside environment thus be reduced/eliminated non-indigenous organisms may be a suitable option as well however.\n\nNote that although the amount of freshwater organisms is much greater than what is mentioned in the list, we only specify species here that are usable for [[aquaculture]]. Most types of organisms can not be kept in captivity (ie they may have very specific needs, are very susceptible to stress/disease, oxygen fluctuations in the water, water quality,..)\n\nAlso note that on the map below, the amount of plankton per region is marked. Although many organisms grown in aquaculture do not/can not consume plankton, it is often still possible to use the locally available plankton to feed the organisms we grow. This, by also growing another organism (that can be fed on plankton) and use this as food for the organisms we grow. We can btw also process waste (ie feces) of organisms we grow and use this to grow hydrophytes as food for other organisms. These methods allow far more cost-efficient production, and also decrease pressure on the environment. See [[Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture]].\n\n== Types of native organisms by region ==\n\n=== Type of organisms indicated in this article ===\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n| Fish: abbreviation F_ followed by a number to indicate the region. Also includes fish grown for roe\n|-\n| Shellfish: abbreviation SF_ followed by a number to indicate the region. Shellfish includes crustaceans and molluscs\n|-\n| Hydrophytes: abbreviation H_ followed by a number to indicate the region. These crops are either coastal crops (so growing on land, but capable of being flooded or sprayed with freshwater or brakish water (in estuaries), ie Salicornia {{W|Salicornia}}), floating plants (which live in deeper water yet which head their flower heads come above water and also still have their roots in the ground, ie Nuphar lutea {{W|Nuphar lutea}}), submerged (rooted) plants (which are entirely submerged yet are rooted in soil,...; ie most seaweed), or submerged (not-rooted) plants (which are entirely submerged and are not rooted in soil,... ; ie most algae)\n|}\n\n== Regions ==\n\nFor a map showing the location of the oceans and seas, see [http://ephotopix.com/image/world/world_ocean_sea_map.gif here] Note that although we divide the map using the oceans, the marine species are not grown in these oceans but rather in the rivers on the land, and near the sea (estuaries). Some fish mentioned here are [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadromous#Classification catadromous] or amphidromous.\n<!-- Not yet sure whether this current region-setup will be followed entirely -->\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n| Region 1: Arctic ocean (from North Sea to Beaufort sea<ref>Hence also includes Baltic Sea, Norwegian Sea, Greenland Sea, Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, East Siberian Sea, Labrador Sea</ref>)\n|-\n| Region 2: North Atlantic Ocean (from Caribbean Sea to Aral Sea<ref>Hence also includes Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea, Caspian Sea</ref>)\n|-\n| Region 3: South Atlantic Ocean (from the coast of Uruguay over to the western coast of South Africa to the coast of Liberia and the coast of French Guyana)\n|-\n| Region 4: Indian Ocean (from west coast of South Africa to Coral Sea<ref>Hence also includes Mozambique Channel, Arabian Sea, Andaman Sea, South China Sea, Celebes Sea, Java Sea, Timor Sea, Banda Sea, Arafura Sea</ref>)\n|-\n| Region 5: North Pacific Ocean (from Phillipine Sea to Gulf of Alaska/Gulf of California<ref>Hence also includes East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea</ref>\n|-\n| Region 6: South Pacific Ocean (from northern coast of New Zealand to the southern coast of Peru) and Southern Ocean (from Scotia Sea over the Tasman Sea and to the southern coast of Chili<ref>Hence also includes Wedell Sea</ref>)\n|}\n\n== Names of the native organisms ==\n\n{| class=\"wikitable\"\n| F_1: common carp,<ref>Cyprinus carpio carpio native to Eastern Europe (notably the Danube and Volga Rivers)</ref> silver carp,<ref>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix native to eastern Asia from the Amur River of far eastern Russia south through much of eastern half of China to Pearl River, possibly including northern Vietnam</ref> crucian carp,<ref>Carassius carassius native to region between England and Russia; it is found as far north as the Arctic Circle in the Scandinavian countries, and the southern extremities defined by central France and the Black Sea</ref> channel catfish<ref>Ictalurus punctatus native to the Nearctic, being well distributed in lower Canada and the eastern and northern United States, as well as parts of northern Mexico</ref>sea lamprey,<ref>Petromyzon marinus native to Scandinavia to the Mediterranean Sea</ref> lampern,<ref>Lampetra fluviatilis native to North Sea to west of the Mediterranean Sea</ref> brook lamprey,<ref>Lampetra planeri native to Celtic Sea to Baltic Sea and western Italy</ref> sturgeon,<ref>Acipenser sturio native to North Sea to Baltic Sea</ref> sterlet,<ref>Acipenser ruthenus native to Black Sea and Caspian Sea to Siberia and East Siberian Sea</ref> twaite shad,<ref>Alosa fallax native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> allis shad,<ref>Alosa alosa native to Celtic Sea and Mediterranean</ref> charr,<ref>Salvelinus alpinus native to Norwegian Sea, Barents Sea, North Sea and the rivers of the Alps</ref> lavaret,<ref>Coregonus lavaretus native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Norwegian Sea</ref> grayling,<ref>Thymallus thymallus native to Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea, rivers of central to northeastern Europe</ref> smelt,<ref>Osmerus eperlanus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea,</ref> roach,<ref>Rutilus rutilus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, western Russia</ref> sunbleak,<ref>Leucaspius delineatus native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea to rivers of western Russia</ref> dace,<ref>Leuciscus leuciscus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, to just above the Mediterranean Sea</ref> ide,<ref>Leuciscus idus native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, west Russia</ref> minnow,<ref>Phoxinus phoxinus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, west Russia</ref> rudd,<ref>Scardinius erythrophthalmus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> asp,<ref>Aspius aspius native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea</ref> common nase,<ref>Chondrostoma nasus native to North Sea, Black Sea, western Russia</ref> bleak,<ref>Alburnus alburnus native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Celtic Sea</ref> spirlin,<ref>Alburnoides bipunctatus native to North Sea, Black Sea, rivers of central Europe to west Russia</ref> white bream,<ref>Abramis bjoerkna native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, rivers of west Russia</ref> bream,<ref>Abramis brama native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, rivers of west Russia</ref> blue bream,<ref>Abramis ballerus native to Black Sea, Baltic Sea</ref> Vimba bream,<ref>Vimba vimba native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea</ref> sichel,<ref>Pelecus cultratus native to Baltic Sea, Danube river, Aral lake, Black Sea</ref> gudgeon,<ref>Gobio gobio native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> barbel,<ref>Barbus barbus native to North Sea, Black Sea, rivers from France to Ukraine</ref> tench,<ref>Tinca tinca native to Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea</ref> goldfish,<ref>Carassius gibelio native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, west Russia</ref> bitterling,<ref>Rhodeus sericeus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Black Sea, west Russia</ref> stone loach,<ref>Barbatula barbatula native to North sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> weatherfish,<ref>Misgurnus fossilis native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, most of central europe to west Russia</ref> spined loach,<ref>Cobotis taenia native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, all of europe to west Russia</ref> wels,<ref>Silurus glanis native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Germany to west Russia</ref> burbot,<ref>Lota lota native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea, Black Sea, most of central Europe</ref> Mediterranean killifish,<ref>Aphanius fasciatus native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, France to west Russia</ref> perch,<ref>Perca fluviatilis native to Baltic Sea, North Sea, Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea</ref> ruffe,<ref>Gymnocephalus cernuus native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Celtic Sea, Russia (upto the Ural Mountains)</ref> bullhead,<ref>Cottus gobio native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Celtic Sea, upto the Ural Mountains</ref> flounder<ref>Platichthys flesus native to shores of North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea</ref>\n|-\n| SF_1:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| H_1:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| F_2: crucian carp,<ref>Carassius carassius native to region between England and Russia; it is found as far north as the Arctic Circle in the Scandinavian countries, and the southern extremities defined by central France and the Black Sea</ref> Nile tilapia,<ref>[http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/farming.php Oreochromis niloticus native to Africa from Egypt south to East and Central Africa, and as far west as Gambia]</ref> blue tilapia,<ref>Oreochromis aureus native to Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Senegal in tropical and subtropical African and the Middle East</ref> common bream,<ref>Abramis brama native to Europe north of the Alps and Pyrenees, as well as the Balkans. It is found as far east as the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, and the Aral Sea</ref> northern pike,<ref>Esox lucius native throughout the northern hemisphere, including Russia, Europe and North America</ref> giant sturgeon,<ref>Huso huso native to Black Sea and Caspian Sea, Adriatic Sea and Po river</ref> twaite shad,<ref>Alosa fallax native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> allis shad,<ref>Alosa alosa native to Celtic Sea and Mediterranean</ref> Danube salmon,<ref>Hucho hucho native to Danube river</ref> mudminnow,<ref>Umbra krameri native to Black Seathe rivers of Hungary</ref> roach,<ref>Rutilus rutilus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, western Russia</ref> Danubian roach,<ref>Rutilus pigus native to Danube river</ref> Black Sea roach,<ref>Rutilus frisii native to Black Sea</ref> sunbleak,<ref>Leucaspius delineatus native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea to rivers of west Russia</ref> chub,<ref>Leuciscus cephalus native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea</ref> souffie,<ref>Leuciscus souffia native to the Rhine</ref> ide,<ref>Leuciscus idus native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, west Russia</ref> rudd,<ref>Scardinius erythrophthalmus native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> asp,<ref>Aspius aspius native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea</ref> common nase,<ref>Chondrostoma nasus native to North Sea, Black Sea, western Russia</ref> Danubian bleak,<ref>Chalcalburnus chalcaoides native to Black Sea</ref> bleak,<ref>Alburnus alburnus native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Celtic Sea</ref> spirlin,<ref>Alburnoides bipunctatus native to North Sea, Black Sea, rivers of central Europe to west Russia</ref> white bream,<ref>Abramis bjoerkna native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, rivers of west Russia</ref> bream<ref>Abramis brama native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, rivers of west Russia</ref> white-eyed bream,<ref>Abramis sapa native to Black Sea</ref> blue bream,<ref>Abramis ballerus native to Black Sea, Baltic Sea</ref> Vimba bream,<ref>Vimba vimba native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea</ref> sichel,<ref>Pelecus cultratus native to Baltic Sea, Danube river, Aral lake, Black Sea</ref> gudgeon,<ref>Gobio gobio native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> Danubian gudgeon,<ref>Gobio uranoscopus native to Danube river, Black Sea</ref> barbel,<ref>Barbus barbus native to North Sea, Black Sea, rivers from France to Ukraine</ref> tench,<ref>Tinca tinca native to Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea</ref> goldfish,<ref>Carassius gibelio native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Black Sea, Baltic Sea, west Russia</ref> stone loach,<ref>Barbatula barbatula native to North sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea</ref> weatherfish,<ref>Misgurnus fossilis native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, most of central europe to west Russia</ref> spined loach,<ref>Cobotis taenia native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, all of europe to west Russia</ref> wels,<ref>Silurus glanis native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Germany to west Russia</ref> burbot,<ref>Lota lota native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Celtic Sea, Black Sea, most of central Europe</ref> Mediterranean killifish,<ref>Aphanius fasciatus native to Baltic Sea, Black Sea, France to west Russia</ref> silverside,<ref>Atherina boyeri native to Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea</ref> ten-spined stickleback,<ref>Pungitius pungitius native to North Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea</ref> perch,<ref>Perca fluviatilis native to Baltic Sea, North Sea, Celtic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea</ref> ruffe,<ref>Gymnocephalus cernuus native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Celtic Sea, Russia (upto the Ural Mountains)</ref> striped ruffe,<ref>Gymnocephalus schraetser native to Black Sea</ref> pikeperch,<ref>Sander lucioperca native to Aral lake</ref> zingel,<ref>Zingel zingel native to Eastern Europe</ref> freshwater blenny,<ref>Salaria fluviatilis native to Mediterranean Sea</ref> tube-nosed goby,<ref>Proterorhinus marmoratus native to Black Sea</ref> bullhead,<ref>Cottus gobio native to North Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Celtic Sea, upto the Ural Mountains</ref> flounder<ref>Platichthys flesus native to shores of North Sea, Norwegian Sea, Celtic Sea, Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea</ref><ref>Die Süswasserfische Europas by Roland Gerstmeier, Thomas Romig</ref>\n|-\n| SF_2:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| H_2:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| F_3: African sharptooth catfish<ref>Clarias gariepinus native to the whole of Africa and also native to some Middle Eastern countries</ref>\n|-\n| SF_3:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| H_3:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| F_4: catla carp,<ref>Catla catla native to subtropical Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Myanmar)</ref> Mrigal carp,<ref>Cirrhinus cirrhosus native to the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers of India</ref> Rohi,<ref>Labeo rohita native to south Asia and south-east Asia (Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Nepal)</ref> Nile tilapia,<ref>[http://www.aquaticcommunity.com/tilapia/farming.php Oreochromis niloticus native to Africa from Egypt south to East and Central Africa, and as far west as Gambia]</ref> blue tilapia,<ref>Oreochromis aureus native to Cameroon, Chad, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, and Senegal in tropical and subtropical African and the Middle East</ref> Mozambique tilapia,<ref>Oreochromis mossambicus native to Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa</ref> walking catfish,<ref>Clarias batrachus native to Southeastern Asia (Malaysia, Thailand, eastern India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei)</ref> African sharptooth catfish,<ref>Clarias gariepinus native to the whole of Africa and also native to some Middle Eastern countries</ref> three-spined stickleback<ref>Gasterosteus aculeatus native to most inland coastal waters north of 30°N, particularly northern Asia to North America</ref>\n|-\n| SF_4: giant river prawn,<ref>Macrobrachium rosenbergii native to Indo-Pacific region, northern Australia and Southeast Asia.</ref> monsoon river prawn<ref>Macrobrachium malcolmsonii native to the rivers of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan</ref>\n|-\n| H_4:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| F_5: rainbow trout,<ref>Oncorhynchus mykiss native to tributaries of northwestern Mexico to North America and eastern Russia</ref> grass carp,<ref>Ctenopharyngodon idella native to eastern Asia, from northern Vietnam to the Amur River on the Siberia-China border</ref> silver carp,<ref>Hypophthalmichthys molitrix native to eastern Asia from the Amur River of far eastern Russia south through much of eastern half of China to Pearl River, possibly including northern Vietnam</ref> largescale silver carp,<ref>Hypophthalmichthys harmandi native to southeast Asia; from southeastern China (Hainan Island) and from the Red River basin in northern Vietnam</ref> bighead carp,<ref>Hypophthalmichthys nobilis native to the large rivers and associated floodplain lakes of eastern Asia. Their range extends from southern China to the Amur River system, which forms the northern border of China and the southern border of Russia.</ref> black carp,<ref>Mylopharyngodon piceus native to eastern Asia from the Pearl River (Zhu Jiang) basin in China north to the Amur River (Heilong Jiang) basin of China and far eastern Russia; possibly native to the Honghe or Red River of northern Vietnam</ref> common goldfish,<ref>Carassius auratus native to eastern Asia, including China and perhaps adjacent regions (Japan, Republic of Korea)</ref> basa fish,<ref>Pangasius bocourti native to the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam and Chao Phraya basin in Thailand.</ref> Iridescent shark,<ref>Pangasius hypophthalmus native to the Chao Phraya and Mekong rivers in south-east Asia</ref> walking catfish,<ref>Clarias batrachus native to Southeastern Asia (Malaysia, Thailand, eastern India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Burma, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei)</ref> channel catfish,<ref>Ictalurus punctatus native to the Nearctic, being well distributed in lower Canada and the eastern and northern United States, as well as parts of northern Mexico</ref> northern pike,<ref>Esox lucius native throughout the northern hemisphere, including Russia, Europe and North America</ref> largemouth bass,<ref>Micropterus salmoides native to eastern USA, the region of the great lakes, upto Florida and northeastern Mexico</ref> pumpkinseed sunfish,<ref>Lepomis gibbosus native to southeastern Canada, and northeastern USA</ref> brown bullhead<ref>Ameiurus nebulosus native to eastern USA</ref>\n|-\n| SF_5: giant river prawn,<ref>Macrobrachium rosenbergii native to Indo-Pacific region, northern Australia and Southeast Asia.</ref> oriental river prawn,<ref>[http://decapoda.nhm.org/pdfs/15335/15335.pdf Macrobrachium nipponense native to China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar and Taiwan]</ref> Chinese river crab,<ref>Eriocheir sinensis native to the coastal estuaries of eastern Asia from Korea in the north to the Fujian province of China in the south</ref> mud carp<ref>Cirrhinus molitorella native to southern China, Vietnam, Thailand</ref>\n|-\n| H_5:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| F_6:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| SF_6:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|-\n| H_6:<ref>(Latin name) native to ?</ref>\n|}\n\n== References ==\n\n<references />\n\n== Notes ==\n\n* Freshwater eels (such as European eel, New Zealand Longfin eel, Japanese eel,...) have not been included as they are not yet bred in captivity, and as a result are now in danger of becoming extinct. They can be included later-on, once the breeding issue has been resolved.\n* Certain submerged plants can also provide extra oxygen to the water, allowing (certain) fish to survive if planted in the area, even if the water had low amounts of in oxygen; see [[Treatment ponds]].\n* In certain situations, it is possible to place seaweed and/or other estuary farms in such a way that it obstructs areas behind the farm, preventing fishing at that location. This method could allow the creation of places where (the still young) fish can hide, a bit similar to mangroves. Off course, fishing should then also not be exerciced by the owner of the estuary farm.\n\n== See also ==\n\n* [[Native marine organisms by region]]\n* [[Native crops by region]] - map of native crops\n* [[Native beekeeping]] - maps of native honeybees, stingless bees.\n* [[Animal husbandry]]\n* [[Aquaculture]] - including suitable fish species for aquaculture by region.\n* [[:File:Oil crops.png]] - oil crops map.\n* File:Indiginous fruits.png - map indicating the indigenous fruits and nuts per region.\n* [[Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh]]\n* Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh (original)\n* [[Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh]]\n* [[Tilapia Fish Farming Equipment and Suppliers]]\n* [[Tilapia Fish Farming Notions]]\n* [[Fish ladder]]\n* [[Fish Hatchery and use of the Marsh]]\n* Fish and Water Statistics & External links\n* [[Fish and Water Statistics]]\n\n== External links ==\n\n* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_types_of_seafood Wikipedia: list of types of seafood]\n* [http://www.whoi.edu/seagrant/page.do?pid=34016 NOAA Sea Grant]\n\n{{Page data\n| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0\n}}\n\n[[Category:Aquaculture]]\n[[Category:Livestock]]\n[[Category:Original environment rehabilitation manual]]"}