{"id":80819,"key":"Mechanical_Properties_of_Ultraviolet-Assisted_Paste_Extrusion_and_Postextrusion_Ultraviolet-Curing_of_Three-Dimensional_Printed_Biocomposites","title":"Mechanical Properties of Ultraviolet-Assisted Paste Extrusion and Postextrusion Ultraviolet-Curing of Three-Dimensional Printed Biocomposites","latest":{"id":1224338,"timestamp":"2026-01-09T00:36:46Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{MOST}}\n\n[[File:3dp.2019.6.issue-3.cover.jpg|thumb]]\n\n{{Publication data\n| type = Paper\n| cite-as = Niklas Kretzschmar, Sami Lipponen, Ville Klar, Joshua M. Pearce, Tom L. Ranger, Jukka Seppälä, and Jouni Partanen. Mechanical Properties of Ultraviolet-Assisted Paste Extrusion and Postextrusion Ultraviolet-Curing of Three-Dimensional Printed Biocomposites. ''3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing''. 6(3) 127-137, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2018.0148 [https://www.academia.edu/39160225/Mechanical_Properties_of_Ultraviolet-Assisted_Paste_Extrusion_and_Postextrusion_Ultraviolet-Curing_of_Three-Dimensional_Printed_Biocomposites open access]\n}}\n\nThree-dimensional (3D) printing of biomaterials has the potential to become an ecologically advantageous alternative compared with conventional manufacturing based on oil-derived polymer materials. In this study, a novel 3D printing technology is applied that combines ultraviolet (UV) curing with paste extrusion. This hybrid manufacturing technique enables the fabrication of complex geometries from high filler-ratio pastes. The developed biocomposite aims for suitable mechanical properties in terms of tensile and compressive strength. It is composed of acrylic acid, cellulose acetate, α-cellulose, and fumed silica with a cellulose ratio of more than 25 vol-%. The material is extruded with an in-house-developed 3D printer equipped with a 12 W UV light curing source, which enables concurrent curing and extrusion. Two different UV-curing strategies were tested: postcuring without concurrent curing and postcuring with concurrent curing. The total UV-curing duration was kept constant with all samples. Tensile testing in accordance with ASTM standard D638-14 Type 4, compression testing according to ASTM D695-15, and overhang tests were conducted. As a result, samples without notable shrinkage, suitable tensile strength (up to 17.72 MPa), competitive compression testing parameters (up to 19.73 MPa), and an enhanced overhang angle (increase of more than 25°) were produced, leading to new applications and more freedom in design due to higher possible unsupported overhangs when using UV-curing during the print. Overall, constant UV light radiation during the print leads to improved mechanical properties due to the possibility of bypassing the UV-penetration depth constraint. It should be considered when extruding photopolymer-based composites, especially for large and complex components with a low degree of translucency.\n\n{{Pearce publications notice}}\n\n== Keywords ==\n\n[[3D printing]]; Mechanical testing; Natural fibre ; Natural fibre composites; Biopolymers; UV-assisted paste extrusion; biocomposite; 3D printing; mechanical properties; overhang testing; open-source platform\n\n== See also ==\n\n* [[Ystruder: open source multifunction extruder with sensing and monitoring capabilities]]\n* [[Mechanical Properties of Components Fabricated with Open-Source 3-D Printers Under Realistic Environmental Conditions]]\n* [[Tensile Strength of Commercial Polymer Materials for Fused Filament Fabrication 3-D Printing]]\n* [[Anisotropic mechanical property variance between ASTM D638-14 type I and type IV fused filament fabricated specimens]]\n* [[The Effects of PLA Color on Material Properties of 3-D Printed Components]]\n* [[Mechanical properties of 3-D printed truss-like lattice biopolymer non-stochastic structures for sandwich panels with natural fibre composite skins]]\n* [[Wood Furniture Waste-Based Recycled 3-D Printing Filament]]\n* [[3-D printed magnetic soft magnetic helical coil actuators of iron oxide embedded polydimethylsiloxane]]\n\n== News ==\n\n# [https://3dprint.com/245551/finland-aalto-university-researchers-experiment-with-paste-extrusion-uv-curing-3d-printed-biocomposites/ Finland: Aalto University Researchers Experiment with Paste Extrusion & UV Curing of 3D Printed Biocomposites ]- 3D Print 64k\n# [http://www.stamparein3d.it/esperimento-di-ricercatori-delluniversita-di-aalto-in-finlandia-con-estrusione-di-paste-e-polimerizzazione-uv-di-biocompositi-stampati-in-3d/ Esperimento di ricercatori dell'Università di Aalto in Finlandia con estrusione di paste e polimerizzazione UV di biocompositi stampati in 3D]- Stampare in 3D\n# [https://3druck.com/3d-druckmaterialien/forscher-der-aalto-universitaet-experimentieren-mit-pastenextrusion-und-uv-haertung-von-3d-gedruckten-biokompositen-3882651/ Forscher der Aalto Universität experimentieren mit Pastenextrusion und UV-Härtung von 3D-gedruckten Biokompositen] 3D Ruck\n# [https://3dprintingzoom.com/2019/06/04/finland-aalto-college-researchers-experiment-with-paste-extrusion-uv-curing-of-3d-printed-biocomposites/ Finland: Aalto College Researchers Experiment with Paste Extrusion & UV Curing of 3D Printed Biocomposites] 3D Printing Zoom\n# [http://gyges3d.com/news/bio-printing/aalto-university-researchers-experiment-with-paste-extrusion-uv-curing-of-3d-printed-biocomposites/ Aalto University Researchers Experiment with Paste Extrusion & UV Curing of 3D Printed Biocomposites] Gyges 3D\n\n{{MOST-RepRap}}\n\n{{Page data\n| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0\n| title-tag = UV-Cured Biocomposites: 3D Printing & Extrusion\n| description = UV-cured biocomposites support greener production. Appropedia explains how these materials offer new options for sustainable 3D printing.\n}}\n\n[[Category:MOST completed projects and publications]]\n[[Category:3D printing]]\n[[Category:DIY]]\n[[Category:Distributed manufacturing]]\n[[Category:Polymers]]\n[[Category:Plastic]]\n[[Category:transport]]\n[[Category:materials]]"}