{"id":51506,"key":"German_solar_energy_policy_literature_review","title":"German solar energy policy literature review","latest":{"id":1223908,"timestamp":"2026-01-08T23:40:09Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"{{MY5490 notice}}\n\n{{MOST literature review notice}}\n\nI am currently in the beginning phase of performing an extensive literature review on all materials concerning German Renewable energy policy, especially in regards to solar power. The underlying point of this review is to gather and understand all the policies, initiatives, and programs that the German government has employed in order to push solar energy. The hope is that strong parallels can be made in order to recommend actions that the United States can take in order to produce the best climate for solar energy.\n\nFeel free to contribute or help in any way possible.\n\n== Articles ==\n\nJacobsson, S., Lauber, V., 2006. [http://www.fondazionemicheletti.eu/contents/documentazione/archivio/Altronovecento/Arc.Altronovecento.10.06.pdf The politics and policy of energy system transformation—explaining the German diffusion of renewable energy technology] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504002393 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504002393] (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* growth history (huge social component)\n* total R&D numbers German energy (including subs)\n* good basic hist momentum renewables\n* feed-ins, incentives, eco-tax, 100,000 Roofs programm provided low-cost loans, subsidies.\n* -2003ish\n\nReiche, D., Bechberger, M., 2004. [https://www.aub.edu.lb/fas/pspa/politics-sports/Documents/eu-member.pdf Policy differences in the promotion of renewable energies in the EU member states] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421502003439 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421502003439] (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* define RES per country EU\n* kyoto target/mandated levels\n* fixed-feed in tariffs provide security for investors\n\nBrachvogel, F., 2014. Müller: A fundamental reform of the EEG is a core responsibility for the new German Federal government for 2014 WWW Document. URL http://web.archive.org/web/20150723081436/https://www.bdew.de/internet.nsf/id/20140114-pi-mueller-a-fundamental-reform-of-the-eeg-is-a-core-responsibility-for-the-new-german-fed?open&ccm=900010020010 (accessed 1.23.14).\n] [WWW Document]. URL http://web.archive.org/web/20150723081436/https://www.bdew.de/internet.nsf/id/20140114-pi-mueller-a-fundamental-reform-of-the-eeg-is-a-core-responsibility-for-the-new-german-fed?open&ccm=900010020010 (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* 23.4% renewables 2013\n\nFrondel, M., Ritter, N., Schmidt, C., Vance, C., 2010. [http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/29912/1/614062047.pdf Economic impacts from the promotion of renewable energy technologies: The German experience] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510001928 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510001928] (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* ~2010, recent\n* warning for those trying to mirror German policy\n* Review of EEG (Renewable Energy Sources Act)\n* tariff walkthrough\n* net cost PV\n* claims more cost effective to use ETS( European Emmissions Trading System)\n* hits jobs\n\nFrondel, M., Ritter, N., Schmidt, C., 2008. [http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/26805/1/571458173.PDF Germany's solar cell promotion: Dark clouds on the horizon] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508003686 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508003686] (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* 2008 precursor to above art\n* more focused PV, not wind\n\nBechberger, M., Reiche, D., 2004. [https://www.aub.edu.lb/fas/pspa/politics-sports/Documents/germany.pdf Renewable energy policy in Germany: pioneering and exemplary regulations] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082608603907 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0973082608603907] (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* political,structural, and cognitive conditions for success\n* policies/acts since '89\n* HTDP/ETR/MAP/EECP/EP/EEG\n* explores obstacles near end\n\nWeidner, H., Mez, L., 2008. [http://environmentportal.in/files/German%20Climate%20Change%20Policy.pdf German Climate Change Policy] [WWW Document]. URL http://web.archive.org/web/20160510070548/http://jed.sagepub.com:80/content/17/4/356.short (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* GHG Emis Trends\n* CO2 chart pg367\n* culture of multi-level governance\n\nHoffman, W., Pietruszko, Viaud, M., 2004. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.203.3598&rep=rep1&type=pdf \"Towards an Effective European Industrial Policy for PV Solar Electricity.\"] [WWW Document] URL http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.203.3598&rep=rep1&type=pdf (accessed 1.23.14)\n\n* turn of century trends\n* relatively short\n\nJacobsson, S., Bergek, A., 2004. [http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:242525/FULLTEXT01 Transforming the energy sector: the evolution of technological systems in renewable energy technology] [WWW Document]. URL [http://web.archive.org/web/20150916114613/http://icc.oxfordjournals.org:80/content/13/5/815.short http://icc.oxfordjournals.org/content/13/5/815.short] (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* Germ, Sweden, Netherlands\n* inducement/blocking actors\n* stages: formative>market enlargement (economy of scale advantages)>cummulative causation\n* R&D dump w/o specific direction>vast \"knowledge creation\"\n\nJacobsson, S., Bergek, A., 2006. [http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:257075/FULLTEXT01 A Framework for Guiding Policy-makers Intervening in Emerging Innovation Systems in \"Catching-Up\" Countries] [WWW Document]. Taylor and Francis Online. URL http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09578810601094902#.UuEhEbQo6Uk (accessed 1.23.14).\n\n* evolution of innovation systems(IS)\n* German IS/arch PV pg15\n* cummulative causation, feedback loop again\n* emphasis on identifying system weaknesses to target policy\n* German case-study useful, application to dev world too simple for US?\n\nToke, D., Volkmar Lauber, 2007. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718506001837 Anglo-Saxon and German approaches to neoliberalism and environmental policy: The case of financing renewable energy] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718506001837 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016718506001837] (accessed 1.27.14).\n\n* UK's Renewables Obligation (RO) vs Germany's REFIT (Renewable Energy Feed-In Tariff)\n* section 2 neolib background, explaining differing euro philosophies\n* \"market based scheme's\" (begin section 4)\n* RO's set targets that need to be met, otherwise penalized.\n* penalties are recylced back to ROC, increasing value (but does not encourage monopolies to meet target), actual ~66% in UK.\n* greater overall risk with RO, uncertain market trends and electricity prices\n* German REFIT competition: 1. manufacturers must compete in selling. 2. Competition among devs holds costs down. 3. Fosters competition with newcomers.\n* Must buy all renewables generated\n\nLaird, F., Stefes, C., 2009. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509001189 The diverging paths of German and United States policies for renewable energy: Sources of difference] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509001189 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509001189] (accessed 1.27.14).\n\n* reference many US-German policy papers @ bot\n* us larger renew resources, discounts that german public opinion is a huge factor (and Americans have similar views, Farhar source/polling)\n* similar through 70's crisis, diverge late 80's/early 90's\n* failure of top-down strats for big wind turbines\n* production tax credit in US, feed-in tariff Germany\n* less politcal stability in US, low R&D budgets (go back and compare), market volatility\n\nLuthi, S., Wustenhagen, R., 2012. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988311001678 The price of policy risk — Empirical insights from choice experiments with European photovoltaic project developers] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988311001678 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988311001678] (accessed 1.27.14).\n\n* section two is a literature review!\n* conclusion insight policy maker\n\nLehr, U., Nitsch, J., Kraztat, M., Lutz, C., Edler, D., 2008. [http://web.archive.org/web/20150430222821/http://www.gws-os.de:80/downloads/tagungen/IEAA08.pdf Renewable energy and employment in Germany] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507003850 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507003850] (accessed 1.28.14).\n\n* employment aspect\n* net employment hardly affected w/o export of the enery\n* ntm:Lookup energy in/out of US and neighbors\n\nSensfub, F., Ragwitz, M., Massimo, G., 2008. [http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/28511/1/565631225.pdf The merit-order effect: A detailed analysis of the price effect of renewable electricity generation on spot market prices in Germany] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508001717 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508001717] (accessed 1.28.14).\n\n* merit-order effect\n* complex sim\n* short-term net profit consumers, a lot of future if's\n\nMenanteau, P., Finon, D., Lamy, M.-L., 2003. [http://seg.fsu.edu/Library/prices%20vs%20quantities.pdf Prices versus quantities: choosing policies for promoting the development of renewable energy] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421502001337 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421502001337] (accessed 1.28.14).\n\n* price-based versus quanity based\n* equal in ideal situations\n* feed-in tariff>bidding systems\n* quota-based green certs\n\nWiser, R., Barbose, G., Holt, E., 2011. [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/54s207m3 Supporting solar power in renewables portfolio standards: Experience from the United States] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510008499 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510008499] (accessed 1.28.14).\n\n* RPS most common in US\n* Wind most popular tech w/o solar set asides\n* growth of PV seen primarily in states with set asides\n\nHuenteler, J., Schmidt, T., Kanie, N., 2012. [http://www.devast-project.org/img/research/1-s2.0-S0301421512001589-main.pdf Japan's post-Fukushima challenge – implications from the German experience on renewable energy policy] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512001589 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512001589] (accessed 1.28.14).\n\n* another energy crisis spurs new policy\n* short, does not add much\n\nTaylor, M., 2008. [http://web.archive.org/web/20170809194415/https://energy.lbl.gov/staff/taylor/pdfs/taylor-energy-econ-2008.pdf \"Beyond technology-push and demand-pull: Lessons from California's solar policy,\"][WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988308000856 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140988308000856] (accessed 1.28.14).\n\n* page 9,13.\n* R&D, RPS, establishing value carbon\n* need for gov't\n\nVan Benthem, A., Gillinghan, K., Sweeney, J., 2008 [http://web.archive.org/web/20120620044112/http://piee.stanford.edu:80/cgi-bin/docs/publications/Learning-by-Doing_and_the_Optimal_Solar_Policy_in_California.pdf \"Learning-by-doing and the optimal solar policy in California.\"] [WWW Document]. Science Direct URL http://web.archive.org/web/20120620044112/http://piee.stanford.edu:80/cgi-bin/docs/publications/Learning-by-Doing_and_the_Optimal_Solar_Policy_in_California.pdf (accessed 1.28.14)\n\n* learning by doing (LBD) quantization of market failures\n* optimal subs lead to increase in eco eff.\n* ultimately lead to self-sufficient solar ind. (potentially)\n\nGrau, T., Huo, M., Neuhoff, K., 2012. [http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/55291/1/684799731.pdf \"Survey of photovoltaic industry and policy in Germany and China.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512003345 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421512003345] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* up to 31% G now, 71% max\n* G: R&D<<deployment funding\n* G would benefit from positive global vision PV\n* ntm: RR\n\nMargolis, R., Kammen, D., 1999. [http://web.archive.org/web/20110527114931/http://rael.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/old-site-files/1999/Margolis-Kammen-Science-1999.pdf \"Underinvestment: The Energy Technology and R&D Policy Challenge.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencemag.org/content/285/5428/690.short http://www.sciencemag.org/content/285/5428/690.short] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* old ~1999\n* not particularly useful, short\n\nSherwood, L., 2007. [http://irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/ASES-Solar-Market-Trends-revised.pdf 'U.S. Solar Market Trends] [WWW Document]. URL http://irecusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/ASES-Solar-Market-Trends-revised.pdf. (accessed 1.29.14)\n\n* cali, nj largest US\n* ~2009 for US\n* installation, capacity, growth numbers and figures\n\nFthenakis, V., Mason, J., Zweibel, K., 2009. [http://web.archive.org/web/20120710225303/http://solar.gwu.edu:80/index_files/Resources_files/Solar%20Plan.pdf \"The technical, geographical, and economic feasibility for solar energy to supply the energy needs of the US.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508004072 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508004072] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* land use, overall feasibility\n* ntm: RR\n* long-term implementation plan\n* key challenges, all figures @ end\n\nJohnstone, N., Hascic, I., Popp, D., 2010. [http://hassler-j.iies.su.se/courses/climate/johnstoneHasicPopp2008.pdf \"Renewable Energy Policies and Technological Innovation: Evidence Based on Patent Counts - Springer.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-009-9309-1 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10640-009-9309-1] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* patents 25 countries (78-03)\n* normalized for size, innovation policies, etc\n* germany only consistently T5\n* are patents best metric for inno?\n\nGan, L., Eskeland, G., Kolshus, H., 2007. \"Green electricity market development: Lessons from Europe and the US.\" [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421505002867 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421505002867] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* table 2/3 breakdown of methods/policies\n* basic backstories\n* great general overview of policy breakdowns\n\nTimilsina, G., Kurdgelashvili, L., Narbel, P., 2012. [http://www.sjsu.edu/people/dustin.mulvaney/courses/envs116/s1/Timilsina2012Renewable%20and%20Sustainable%20Energy%20Reviews.pdf \"Solar energy: Markets, economics and policies.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111004199 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111004199] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* global pv 40GW by 2010\n* lcoe, general solar economics\n* definitely reread, ci\n\nSchumacher, K., Sands, R., 2006. [https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/2083.pdf \"Innovative energy technologies and climate policy in Germany.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421505002521 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421505002521] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* ntm: RR\n* Germany one of the largest potential CO2 emitters EU\n* carbon cost, almost all wind\n\nCouture, T., Gagnon, Y., 2010. [http://www.mresearch.com/pdfs/docket4185/NG11/doc15.pdf \"An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable energy investment.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509007940 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421509007940] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* 2009 feed-in tariff analysis\n* variable premium model\n* structuring models impacts levels of risk\n\nLangnib, O., Diekmann, J., Lehr, U., 2009. [http://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/27349/1/586186638.PDF \"Advanced mechanisms for the promotion of renewable energy—Models for the future evolution of the German Renewable Energy Act.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508007052 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508007052] (accessed 1.30.14).\n\n* EEG focused\n* bonus model, maket mediator, retailer\n* value-added chain\n\nBhandari, R., Stadler, I., 2009. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X0900125X \"Grid parity analysis of solar photovoltaic systems in Germany using experience curves,\"] [WWW Document]. Science Direct. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X0900125X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038092X0900125X] (accessed 2.3.14).\n\n* extrapolated price curves to 2060\n* section three economic analysis (useful, rr)\n* grid parity, breakevens\n* 2009ish\n\nLorenz, E., Hurka, J., Heinemann, D., Beyer, H.G., 2009. [http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4897348 \"Irradiance Forecasting for the Power Prediction of Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems.\"] [WWW Document]. URL http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=4897348 (accessed 2.3.14).\n\n* Interesting, not useful\n\nLipp, J., 2007. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507002091 \"Lessons for effective renewable electricity policy from Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507002091 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507002091] (accessed 2.3.14).\n\n* 2006\n* rr, great gen overview (Denmark, UK, Germ)\n* momentum\n\nRowlands, I., 2005. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032104000243 \"Envisaging feed-in tariffs for solar photovoltaic electricity: European lessons for Canada.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032104000243 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032104000243] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* 2006\n* feed-in tariff case study\n* focuses primarily on feasibility of FIT for Canada\n\nVleuten, F., Stam, N., van der Plas, R., 2007. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421506001686 \"Putting solar home system programmes into perspective: What lessons are relevant?\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421506001686 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421506001686] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* home systems\n* rural electrification\n* interesting, npu\n\nTruffer, B., Vob, J., Konrad, K., 2008. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162508000681 \"Mapping expectations for system transformations: Lessons from Sustainability Foresight in German utility sectors.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162508000681 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0040162508000681] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* sustainability foresight/projections\n* Decentrilization>Integration>Service Orientation\n\nHendry, C., Harborne, P., Brown, J., 2010. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510002788 \"So what do innovating companies really get from publicly funded demonstration projects and trials? innovation lessons from solar photovoltaics and wind.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510002788 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510002788] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* Rand review, DT's\n* low-end>high transition\n\nRio, P., Mir-Atrigues, P., 2012. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112003395 \"Support for solar PV deployment in Spain: Some policy lessons.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112003395 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032112003395] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* spain review, FIT\n\nSovacool, B., 2009. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508007556 \"The importance of comprehensiveness in renewable electricity and energy-efficiency policy.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508007556 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508007556] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* four favored policies: elim. subs, accurate pricing, raise public awareness, pass FIT\n* 3.2, rr\n* budget track\n\nPeters, M., Schmidt, T., Widerkehr, D., Schneider, M., 2011. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511005775 \"Shedding light on solar technologies—A techno-economic assessment and its policy implications.\"] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511005775 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511005775] (accessed 2.4.14).\n\n* PV and CSP (concentrates solar power)\n* comparison to LCOE\n* comp around 2020\n* go back to [31]\n\nMendonca, M., Lacey, S., Hvelplund, F., 2009. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S144940350900006X Stability, participation and transparency in renewable energy policy: Lessons from Denmark and the United States] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S144940350900006X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S144940350900006X] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* great U.S policy history (ITC, PTC, all credits, drops, reduction rates)\n* need consistency\n* sees FIT as almost neccesary\n\nButler, L., Neuhoff, K., 2008. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148107003242 Comparison of feed-in tariff, quota and auction mechanisms to support wind power development] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148107003242 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148107003242] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* wind power focus\n* interesting analysis of RE policy, no solar specifics\n\nKlein, A., Held, A., Ragwitz, M., Merkel, E., Pfluger, B., 2007. [http://www.feed-in-cooperation.org/wDefault_7/download-files/research/Best_practice_Paper_3rd_edition.pdf Evaluation of different feed-in tariff design options: Best practice paper for the International Feed-in Cooperation.]\n\n* thorough design apporaches\n* comparison of all EU countries\n* adjustable tariff based on growth\n\nLesser, J., Su, X., 2008. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507004983 Design of an economically efficient feed-in tariff structure for renewable energy development] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507004983 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421507004983] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* two-part proposed FIT (capacity payment and energy payment)\n* attempt to avoid overcompensation\n* rr\n\nCory, K., Couture, T., Kreycik, C., 2009. [https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy09osti/45549.pdf Feed-in tariff policy, design, implementation, and RPS policy interactions] [WWW Document]. URL (accessed 2.12.14).\n\n* two methods of return: LCOE (RE generation), estimating value\n* fixed price vs premium (most fixed)-creates stable projections for investors\n* smart payment differentiation\n* addresses FIT RPS conflicts in US!!!\n* sources pg 9 for fixed vs competitive solicitation articles\n* few fits in US\n* rr\n\nMitchell, C., Bauknecht, D., Connor, P.M., 2006. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504002411 Effectiveness through risk reduction: a comparison of the renewable obligation in England and Wales and the feed-in system in Germany] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504002411 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421504002411] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* price, volume, and balancing risk\n* 2006\n\nMabee, W., Mannion, J., Carpenter, T., 2012. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511008676 Comparing the feed-in tariff incentives for renewable electricity in Ontario and Germany] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511008676 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421511008676] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* subtly highlights benefits of overlying policy/direction\n* no binding Canadian/NA goal for renewables, all individual\n* necessity of degression of FIT pricepoint\n* 2012\n\nBusgen, U., Wolfhart, D., 2009. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508006526 The expansion of electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany: A review based on the Renewable Energy Sources Act Progress Report 2007 and the new German feed-in legislation] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508006526 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421508006526] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* not much new\n* slightly dated report\n\nWilliges, K., Lilliestam, J., Patt, A., 2010. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510000777 Making concentrated solar power competitive with coal: The costs of a European feed-in tariff] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510000777 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510000777] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* CSP: Sahara>Europe\n* interesting, not particularly useful\n\nSolangi, K.H., Islam, M.R., Saidur, R., Rahim, N.A., Fayaz, H., 2011. [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111000220 A review on global solar energy policy] [WWW Document]. URL [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111000220 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364032111000220] (accessed 2.11.14).\n\n* good overview US, Canada, Germany, Spain, France, etc\n* rr\n\n== Search Terms (for my use) ==\n\n* german solar policy (Google Scholar)\n* german energy policy (Google Scholar)\n* united states energy policy (Google Scholar)\n* germany photovoltaic (google scholar)\n* united states germany solar policy (google scholar)\n* german solar lessons (Google Scholar)\n\n{{Page data\n| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0\n| description = Germany’s solar policies shape clean energy growth. Appropedia summarizes lessons and challenges for other nations.\n}}"}