{"id":31436,"key":"Biomining","title":"Biomining","latest":{"id":1208476,"timestamp":"2025-11-28T00:13:37Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"''' Bio-mining and Bio-leaching '''\nMicroorganisms are used in the mining industry for their natural ability to digest, absorb, and change the quality of different chemicals and metals. It is often a low capital, low energy input and a low operational cost process. Low concentrations of ores as well as mine tailings may be mined. Wikipedia: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomining Biomining] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioleaching Bioleaching]. A perfect example is copper mining, nearly 25% of which is today performed with the organism ''Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans'' that leaches copper from mine tailings.\n\n{{Video|1wO3blbL8sM}}\n\n== Biohydrometallurgy ==\n\nis an interdisciplinary field involving processes that: 1) are driven by microbes - bio. 2) mainly take place in aqueous environment - hydro and 3) deals with metal production and treatment of metal containing materials and solutions.\nMore here: [http://wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se/wiki/index.php/Main_Page]\n \n\n== Applications and Product Ecology ==\n\n* '''Aluminum:''' As was previously demonstrated, aluminum can be [http://opensourceecology.org/index.php?title=Aluminum_Extraction_From_Clays extracted from clays]. While only very preliminarily explored, aluminum-bio-extraction may become a possibility in the future, [http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2007/4Jun/Ghorbani%20et%20al.pdf as demonstrated here]\n* '''Phosphorus:''' duckweed for phosphate biomining - Use of [http://opensourceecology.org/index.php?title=Duckweed duckweed] for phosphate reclamation from wastewater. Duckweeds are highly efficient at extracting phosphates from wastewater, down to trace concentrations. Excavated subsoil could be dissolved in water, and duckweeds would extract the phosphates from the muddy water. The processed sediment can later still be used to [http://opensourceecology.org/index.php?title=CEB_Press make CEBs], for pottery or for aluminum extraction.\n* '''Copper''' - the extraction technique with ''Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans'' should be perfectly doable on the small scale\n* '''Nitrogen:''' fixation from air - cyanobacteria used in Asia, grown in shallow ponds which then dry out, leaving green sludge, a high-nitrogen natural fertilizer (... this is not mining though !)\n* further refinement of components after [http://opensourceecology.org/wiki/Aluminum_Extraction_From_Clays extraction of metals from clay]: a process with potentially much lower energy requirements than smelting\n\n== Considerations and Discusion ==\n\n* to what extent can ''biomining from clays'' be made practical ? (big advantage: already in powder form)\n* how can we get a good idea what microorganisms we are dealing with ?\n\n== Links ==\n\n* Wikipedia entries for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomining Biomining], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioleaching Bioleaching], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biohydrometallurgy Biohydrometallurgy] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidithiobacillus Acidithiobacillus]\n* [http://wiki.biomine.skelleftea.se/wiki/index.php/Main_Page BioMineWiki]- a wiki on biohydrometallurgy\n* [http://opensourceecology.org:80/w/images/d/df/Biomining_-_A_Useful_Approach_Toward_Metal_Extraction.pdf Biomining - A Useful Approach Toward Metal Extraction]\n* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160329015935/http://opensourceecology.org/w/images/4/43/Biomining_-Carmen_Tailings-Com.pdf Biomining: A Green Technology to Mine Valuable Metals]\n* [http://web.archive.org/web/20160902055820/http://biomine.brgm.fr:80/index.asp The BioMinE Project (Europe)]\n\n{{Page data\n| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0\n}}\n\n[[Category:Construction and materials]]\n[[Category:Construction and materials videos]]"}