{"id":34755,"key":"Anthropocene","title":"Anthropocene","latest":{"id":1208163,"timestamp":"2025-11-27T23:38:46Z"},"content_model":"wikitext","license":{"url":"https://www.appropedia.org/Appropedia:Copyrights","title":"CC-BY-SA-4.0"},"source":"[[File:Anthropocene collage.jpg|thumb]]\n\n{{Expansion needed notice}}\n\n'''The advent of the anthropocene era '''\n\nA review of primary and secondary research indicates<ref>↑ Public comment of Upland Research Science Action|Geof Bard - Policy Analyst|http://groups.yahoo.com/group/UplandResearchScienceAction/message/1135</ref> that many scientists<ref>The New World of the Anthropocene\n \t Jan Zalasiewicz*, Mark Williams, Will Steffen, Paul Crutzen\n \t Environmental Science & Technology 2010 44 (7), 2228-2231</ref>have concluded that the era of naturally determined climate process is over in that\nthe processes which\noccur on the planet as a whole, are now determined in large degree by the\nlargely inadvertent activities of humans. A growing number of peer reviewed publications have adopted the terminology<ref>Citing Zalasiewicz are\n\n* Joop de Boer, Harry AikingEcological Economics 2011, [CrossRef]\n* Ron WaglerEvolution: Education and Outreach 2011, [CrossRef]\n* S. J. Price, J. R. Ford, A. H. Cooper, C. NealPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2011, 369 (1938), 1056-1084 [CrossRef]\n* W. Steffen, J. Grinevald, P. Crutzen, J. McNeillPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2011, 369 (1938), 842-867 [CrossRef]\n* J. Zalasiewicz, M. Williams, A. Haywood, M. EllisPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2011, 369 (1938), 835-841 [CrossRef]\n* D. VidasPhilosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 2011, 369 (1938), 909-925 [CrossRef]\n* Bradford P. Wilcox, Michael G. Sorice, Michael H. YoungGeography Compass 2011, 5 (3), 112-127 [CrossRef]\n* JULES PRETTY Environmental Conservation 2011, 1-13 [CrossRef]</ref>\n\n== Popularization of the concept ==\n\nThere have been books with tittles that emphasize this point. Examples include\n“The .End of Ancient Sunlight” by Tom Hartman, which emphasizes that the\nancient\ncarboniferous fossil fuel deposits will no longer provide viable energy sources.\nAnother is by Bill McKibben, ''The End of Nature''. The point to that is that nature\nis no longer entirely natural, it is not nature as such but rather nature as it\nmanages to survive the actions of humans.\n\nThe word designating this new situation is a designation for a whole new era in\ngeologic time: the Anthropocene Era. This indicates that it is the activities of\nhumanity which determines the fate of the planet.\n\nAnother title, ''The Permanent Emergency'', underscores that radical new approaches\nwill be required insofar as the situation is an emergency. Moreover, the\nproblems won't go away anytime soon. What little light there is at the end of\nthe tunnel is largely dependent upon technology, but unfortunately there is\nstill a great deal of resistance to those very measures – research and\ndevelopment – which are essential to save the planet.\n\n<references />\n\n{{Page data\n| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0\n| description = The Anthropocene is shaped by humans. Appropedia explores what this means for climate, ecosystems, and global action.\n}}"}