Appropedia - Recent changes [en]

TissueDB/Simulators/Pediatric Front-of-Neck Access Simulator (Kovatch)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:40:00 GMT

Shorten the development status to one line and cite the paper.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:40, 3 October 2026
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	\| lead_paragraph = The Pediatric Front-of-Neck Access Simulator (Kovatch) is a low-cost, 3D-printed pediatric (about a 5-year-old child) airway trainer for practising needle cricothyroidotomy and other front-of-neck access (FONA) procedures.<ref name="kovatch2020" /> A medical-grade silicone airway (Shore 45 hardness), cast from a mould that is itself 3D-printed from CT-derived anatomy scaled to about a 5-year-old child, sits inside a pediatric head-and-neck mannequin under a synthetic skin overlay. The trainee palpates the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and cricothyroid membrane through the skin, then punctures the cricothyroid membrane and places the catheter using the Ravussin catheter technique.		\| lead_paragraph = The Pediatric Front-of-Neck Access Simulator (Kovatch) is a low-cost, 3D-printed pediatric (about a 5-year-old child) airway trainer for practising needle cricothyroidotomy and other front-of-neck access (FONA) procedures.<ref name="kovatch2020" /> A medical-grade silicone airway (Shore 45 hardness), cast from a mould that is itself 3D-printed from CT-derived anatomy scaled to about a 5-year-old child, sits inside a pediatric head-and-neck mannequin under a synthetic skin overlay. The trainee palpates the thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage and cricothyroid membrane through the skin, then punctures the cricothyroid membrane and places the catheter using the Ravussin catheter technique.
	\| features = A single medical-grade silicone tracheal model, scaled to a 5-year-old child, gives palpable thyroid- and cricoid-cartilage landmarks and a puncturable cricothyroid membrane. It is embedded in a pediatric mannequin head and neck under a synthetic skin overlay, so the landmarks are felt through the skin, and it withstands repeated needle cricothyroidotomy via the Ravussin catheter technique with negligible wear.		\| features = A single medical-grade silicone tracheal model, scaled to a 5-year-old child, gives palpable thyroid- and cricoid-cartilage landmarks and a puncturable cricothyroid membrane. It is embedded in a pediatric mannequin head and neck under a synthetic skin overlay, so the landmarks are felt through the skin, and it withstands repeated needle cricothyroidotomy via the Ravussin catheter technique with negligible wear.
	\| dev_status = Content validity ~~assessed~~ by expert airway faculty ~~(n = 6) and rated~~ suitable for needle-cricothyroidotomy training; transfer to patients not tested ~~(Kovatch 2020)~~.		\| dev_status = Content validity rated by six expert airway faculty as suitable for needle-cricothyroidotomy training; transfer to patients not tested.<ref name="kovatch2020" />
	\| build_time = About 6 hours for the silicone cure (60 °C); full design and printing time not stated in source.		\| build_time = About 6 hours for the silicone cure (60 °C); full design and printing time not stated in source.
	\| specialized_tools = Computer-aided design software (the source used Materialise); a fused-deposition-modelling 3D printer and PLA filament to print the two-part casting mould; a means of holding 60 °C for the 6-hour silicone cure; a milling tool (the source's mannequin was milled to include a hyoid bone); and a Ravussin catheter set (angulated needle stylet, catheter sheath with an airway-circuit connector, Velcro ties and ventilation tubing) to perform the procedure.		\| specialized_tools = Computer-aided design software (the source used Materialise); a fused-deposition-modelling 3D printer and PLA filament to print the two-part casting mould; a means of holding 60 °C for the 6-hour silicone cure; a milling tool (the source's mannequin was milled to include a hyoid bone); and a Ravussin catheter set (angulated needle stylet, catheter sheath with an airway-circuit connector, Velcro ties and ventilation tubing) to perform the procedure.

TissueDB/Simulators/Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:39:37 GMT

Shorten the development status to one line; remove build steps, quantities and cleaning instructions from Notes cells (they stay in the build steps); remove a note about page links.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 3 October 2026
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	\| lead_paragraph = The '''Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator''' is a pediatric point-of-care ultrasound training phantom built from gelatine and 3D-printed pediatric-female forearm bone models.<ref name="forearm_source">[[Pediatric Distal Forearm Fractures/Pediatric Forearm Simulators]], Medical Makers / SELF training module, Appropedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.</ref> It is used to train recognition of pediatric distal forearm fractures where X-ray imaging or specialist coverage may be limited. The gelatine represents the source-labelled soft tissue over the bone, and the embedded PLA models represent the radius and ulna. The simulator supports unblinded training with transparent gelatine and white PLA bone models and blinded training with opaque gelatine and black PLA bone models.		\| lead_paragraph = The '''Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator''' is a pediatric point-of-care ultrasound training phantom built from gelatine and 3D-printed pediatric-female forearm bone models.<ref name="forearm_source">[[Pediatric Distal Forearm Fractures/Pediatric Forearm Simulators]], Medical Makers / SELF training module, Appropedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.</ref> It is used to train recognition of pediatric distal forearm fractures where X-ray imaging or specialist coverage may be limited. The gelatine represents the source-labelled soft tissue over the bone, and the embedded PLA models represent the radius and ulna. The simulator supports unblinded training with transparent gelatine and white PLA bone models and blinded training with opaque gelatine and black PLA bone models.
	\| features = Two training modes are provided: unblinded training uses transparent gelatine with white PLA models, and blinded training uses opaque gelatine with black PLA models. Six numbered bone models per set represent no-fracture, buckle (torus) and greenstick/cortical-break variants. The embedded bone models provide ultrasound-visible cortical surfaces within the gelatine phantom.		\| features = Two training modes are provided: unblinded training uses transparent gelatine with white PLA models, and blinded training uses opaque gelatine with black PLA models. Six numbered bone models per set represent no-fracture, buckle (torus) and greenstick/cortical-break variants. The embedded bone models provide ultrasound-visible cortical surfaces within the gelatine phantom.
	\| dev_status = Open-source SELF training module, iteratively prototyped ~~and clinically informed. No formal~~ skills-transfer or clinical-outcome validation ~~of this simulator~~ is documented ~~in the available source material~~.		\| dev_status = Open-source SELF training module, iteratively prototyped with clinical input; no skills-transfer or clinical-outcome validation is documented.
	\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source		\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source
	\| specialized_tools = A 3D printer or 3D-printing service is required to fabricate the reusable bone models and mould from the supplied files. Per-pour simulator fabrication requires water-heating equipment (kettle, stovetop and pot, or microwave), refrigerator, large measuring cup of approximately 800 mL capacity, weighing scale, spoon, alarm timer, knife, needle-nose pliers, large plate or tray, toothbrush, mild detergent and sink.		\| specialized_tools = A 3D printer or 3D-printing service is required to fabricate the reusable bone models and mould from the supplied files. Per-pour simulator fabrication requires water-heating equipment (kettle, stovetop and pot, or microwave), refrigerator, large measuring cup of approximately 800 mL capacity, weighing scale, spoon, alarm timer, knife, needle-nose pliers, large plate or tray, toothbrush, mild detergent and sink.
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	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Gelatin\|Gelatin]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Gelatin\|Gelatin]]</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>The source labels this layer "Soft Tissue." Gelatine forms the ultrasound phantom around the bone model. For unblinded training it remains transparent. For blinded training it is made opaque with food colouring~~. This source relationship does not establish a separate Subcutaneous Tissue relationship~~.</td>		<td>The source labels this layer "Soft Tissue." Gelatine forms the ultrasound phantom around the bone model. For unblinded training it remains transparent. For blinded training it is made opaque with food colouring.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

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	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/PLA\|PLA]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/PLA\|PLA]]</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>3D-printed pediatric-female radius-and-ulna models. White PLA models are used for unblinded training and black PLA models for blinded training. The numbered models represent no-fracture, buckle (torus) and fracture variants~~. Align the R and U markers on the bone-model base with the corresponding mould markings~~.</td>		<td>3D-printed pediatric-female radius-and-ulna models. White PLA models are used for unblinded training and black PLA models for blinded training. The numbered models represent no-fracture, buckle (torus) and fracture variants.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	\| structural_parts_rows = <tr>		\| structural_parts_rows = <tr>
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	<td>3D-printed PLA</td>		<td>3D-printed PLA</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>Reusable open-face negative mould that shapes the gelatine around the bone model. This is a fabrication tool, not an anatomical surrogate~~. Clean with cold water, mild detergent and a toothbrush. Do not use a dishwasher because heat can deform the thermoplastic~~.</td>		<td>Reusable open-face negative mould that shapes the gelatine around the bone model. This is a fabrication tool, not an anatomical surrogate.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

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	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Gelatin\|Gelatin]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Gelatin\|Gelatin]]</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~Mixed with a total of 800 mL water~~ for one simulator pour.</td>		<td>Gel base for one simulator pour.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

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	<td>Water</td>		<td>Water</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~400 mL~~ is used at room temperature ~~with the gelatine~~ and ~~a further 400 mL~~ is heated ~~before combining. Water is a build fluid and is not a TissueDB Materials-page relationship~~.</td>		<td>Dissolves the gelatine; part is used at room temperature and part is heated.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

TissueDB/Simulators/Patent Ductus Arteriosus Ligation Simulator

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:39:12 GMT

State once that the source gives no total build cost; the electronics cost stays in its row. Shorten the development status to one line.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:39, 3 October 2026
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	An open-source module for practising PDA ligation without an instructor present. The trainee dissects the parietal pleura off the aorta, exposes the PDA, and places two 3-0 silk traction stitches then two 2-0 silk ligature ties, judging the force applied from the box's sensor feedback. For general, paediatric and cardiac surgical trainees in low- and middle-income countries.<ref name="module">[[Cardiac Surgical Skills Training Module]], SELF-Training team / Global Surgical Training Challenge, Appropedia, 2021. Build and operation: Phase 2 (Simulator Setup), Phase 3 (Skills Practice) and Phase 4 (Self-Assessment).</ref>		An open-source module for practising PDA ligation without an instructor present. The trainee dissects the parietal pleura off the aorta, exposes the PDA, and places two 3-0 silk traction stitches then two 2-0 silk ligature ties, judging the force applied from the box's sensor feedback. For general, paediatric and cardiac surgical trainees in low- and middle-income countries.<ref name="module">[[Cardiac Surgical Skills Training Module]], SELF-Training team / Global Surgical Training Challenge, Appropedia, 2021. Build and operation: Phase 2 (Simulator Setup), Phase 3 (Skills Practice) and Phase 4 (Self-Assessment).</ref>
	\| dev_status = Published open-source in 2021 (SELF-Training team, Global Surgical Training Challenge)~~. Built and in use, but not formally validated —~~ no face- or transfer-validity study is reported ~~in the source~~.		\| dev_status = Published open-source in 2021 by the SELF-Training team (Global Surgical Training Challenge); no face- or transfer-validity study is reported.
	\| build_time = Gel model sets overnight; the box assembles from the kit pieces. No total build time stated in the source.		\| build_time = Gel model sets overnight; the box assembles from the kit pieces. No total build time stated in the source.
	\| build_time_cost = ~~The~~ source states no total build cost. The only cost it gives is under US$25, for the electrical components, and only when a builder assembles additional boxes from scratch; the supplied kit arrives with the sensors pre-configured.		\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source
	\| specialized_tools = Custom PDA casting mould supplied in the SELF-Training kit: a two-piece foam outer mould, three connecting green-plastic inserts that form the vessel lumen, and four injection nozzles. For setup: measuring jug with capacity greater than 100 ml, kitchen scale, cooking pot, scalpel or craft knife, tweezers, 100 ml syringe with cap, and 8–10 small rubber bands.		\| specialized_tools = Custom PDA casting mould supplied in the SELF-Training kit: a two-piece foam outer mould, three connecting green-plastic inserts that form the vessel lumen, and four injection nozzles. For setup: measuring jug with capacity greater than 100 ml, kitchen scale, cooking pot, scalpel or craft knife, tweezers, 100 ml syringe with cap, and 8–10 small rubber bands.
	\| dev_team_contact = SELF-Training team, Global Surgical Training Challenge (2021). The module gives team.selftraining@gmail.com for kit requests and questions; confirm current kit availability with the team.		\| dev_team_contact = SELF-Training team, Global Surgical Training Challenge (2021). The module gives team.selftraining@gmail.com for kit requests and questions; confirm current kit availability with the team.

TissueDB/Simulators/Orthoplastic Reconstruction Simulator

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:38:47 GMT

Shorten the development status to one line; remove sizes and build steps from three Notes cells (they stay in the build steps).

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 3 October 2026
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	\| lead_paragraph = The '''Orthoplastic Reconstruction Simulator''' is a low-cost long-bone fracture phantom, built from locally available materials, for training external fixator (Ex-Fix) placement.<ref name="ortho">[[Orthoplastic reconstruction/Physical Simulator]] — physical simulator of the Orthoplastic Reconstruction training module, part of the [[Global Surgical Training Challenge]], developed by the AmoSmile team; Appropedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.</ref> It represents a fractured long bone with a medullary cavity: two plastic-pipe segments packed with sand and vegetable oil sit on either side of a fracture gap, laid between two sponge pieces and covered with a felt sheet anchored by elastic bands, all mounted on a wooden base. The build source assigns no tissue to the sponge or felt. The trainee drills fixator-pin holes through the plastic pipe and applies an external fixator across the fracture.		\| lead_paragraph = The '''Orthoplastic Reconstruction Simulator''' is a low-cost long-bone fracture phantom, built from locally available materials, for training external fixator (Ex-Fix) placement.<ref name="ortho">[[Orthoplastic reconstruction/Physical Simulator]] — physical simulator of the Orthoplastic Reconstruction training module, part of the [[Global Surgical Training Challenge]], developed by the AmoSmile team; Appropedia, CC BY-SA 4.0.</ref> It represents a fractured long bone with a medullary cavity: two plastic-pipe segments packed with sand and vegetable oil sit on either side of a fracture gap, laid between two sponge pieces and covered with a felt sheet anchored by elastic bands, all mounted on a wooden base. The build source assigns no tissue to the sponge or felt. The trainee drills fixator-pin holes through the plastic pipe and applies an external fixator across the fracture.
	\| features = Two plastic-pipe bone segments are separated by a 0.5 cm fracture gap. The pipes contain compacted sand and vegetable oil representing bone medulla. Sponge pieces are placed below and above the pipe segments, and a felt sheet is secured over the assembly with elastic bands. The learner drills holes for the fixator pins and applies an external fixator across the fracture. The source assigns no anatomical role to the sponge or felt.		\| features = Two plastic-pipe bone segments are separated by a 0.5 cm fracture gap. The pipes contain compacted sand and vegetable oil representing bone medulla. Sponge pieces are placed below and above the pipe segments, and a felt sheet is secured over the assembly with elastic bands. The learner drills holes for the fixator pins and applies an external fixator across the fracture. The source assigns no anatomical role to the sponge or felt.
	\| dev_status = ~~First-pass developer~~ prototype — built ~~and described~~ by the AmoSmile team~~. The developers describe the physical simulator as intended to support clinically translatable training, but~~ no independent validation, skills-transfer ~~study~~ or clinical outcome ~~evidence~~ is reported.		\| dev_status = Developer prototype built by the AmoSmile team; no independent validation, skills-transfer or clinical outcome study is reported.
	\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source		\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source
	\| specialized_tools = Hole punch; drill and drill bit 1 mm smaller than the Schanz pins; external fixator kit. The build also requires pipe and felt to be cut to specified dimensions, but the source does not identify the cutting tool.		\| specialized_tools = Hole punch; drill and drill bit 1 mm smaller than the Schanz pins; external fixator kit. The build also requires pipe and felt to be cut to specified dimensions, but the source does not identify the cutting tool.
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	<td>Wood</td>		<td>Wood</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~50 cm × 20 cm build~~ base. The board carries the side pegs and screw fixation for the simulated bone ends.</td>		<td>Build base. The board carries the side pegs and screw fixation for the simulated bone ends.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

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	<td>Sponge</td>		<td>Sponge</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~Two 45 cm × 10 cm pieces are used: one~~ beneath the pipe segments and one over the pipes and fracture gap~~. The upper sponge can be glued at the edges if it lifts~~. The source assigns no tissue or anatomical role to the sponge.</td>		<td>One piece lies beneath the pipe segments and one over the pipes and fracture gap. The source assigns no tissue or anatomical role to the sponge.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

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	<td>Felt</td>		<td>Felt</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~A 45 cm × 10 cm piece is placed over~~ the upper sponge~~. Five holes are punched along each long side~~ and ~~elastic bands secure it~~ to the side pegs. The source assigns no tissue or anatomical role to the felt.</td>		<td>Covers the upper sponge and is held to the side pegs by elastic bands. The source assigns no tissue or anatomical role to the felt.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	\| build_instructions = === Phase 1: Base and bone assembly ===		\| build_instructions = === Phase 1: Base and bone assembly ===

TissueDB/Simulators/Open Appendectomy Simulator (Matthews)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:38:20 GMT

Link cotton fabric to Cloth, Woven; show the build cost as one figure, with the paper's shilling figures and the reusable kit cost in a footnote.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:38, 3 October 2026
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	<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Fascia\|External oblique aponeurosis]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Fascia\|External oblique aponeurosis]]</td>
	<td>1 sheet</td>		<td>1 sheet</td>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, ~~Knitted~~\|Cotton Fabric]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, Woven\|Cotton Fabric]]</td>
	<td>—</td>		<td>—</td>
	<td>Cotton fabric standing in for the tough aponeurotic sheet over the external oblique.</td>		<td>Cotton fabric standing in for the tough aponeurotic sheet over the external oblique.</td>
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	<td>Plastic</td>		<td>Plastic</td>
	<td>—</td>		<td>—</td>
	<td>Holds the abdominal-wall stack and the appendix–cecum complex; carried over between builds~~. The plastic container and binder clips are a one-time reusable kit (about US$3), excluded from the per-model build cost~~.</td>		<td>Holds the abdominal-wall stack and the appendix–cecum complex; carried over between builds.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	<tr>		<tr>
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	# Cut a [[TissueDB/Materials/Plastic Film\|plastic-wrap]] sheet for Scarpa's fascia.		# Cut a [[TissueDB/Materials/Plastic Film\|plastic-wrap]] sheet for Scarpa's fascia.
	# Cut a second yellow-dyed [[TissueDB/Materials/Batting\|polyester batting]] sheet for the deep subcutaneous-fat layer.		# Cut a second yellow-dyed [[TissueDB/Materials/Batting\|polyester batting]] sheet for the deep subcutaneous-fat layer.
	# Cut a [[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, ~~Knitted~~\|cotton fabric]] sheet for the external oblique aponeurosis.		# Cut a [[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, Woven\|cotton fabric]] sheet for the external oblique aponeurosis.
	# Cut two [[TissueDB/Materials/Batting\|cotton batting]] layers for the external oblique and internal oblique muscles.		# Cut two [[TissueDB/Materials/Batting\|cotton batting]] layers for the external oblique and internal oblique muscles.
	# Use a marker to draw fibre striations on each cotton-batting layer; orient the external oblique striations perpendicular to the internal oblique striations to convey opposing fibre directions.		# Use a marker to draw fibre striations on each cotton-batting layer; orient the external oblique striations perpendicular to the internal oblique striations to convey opposing fibre directions.
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	# Secure the layered abdominal wall to the plastic container with binder clips.		# Secure the layered abdominal wall to the plastic container with binder clips.
	# Position the appendix-cecum complex inside the container beneath the abdominal-wall analogue, oriented so the appendix can be approached through the open-appendectomy incision.		# Position the appendix-cecum complex inside the container beneath the abdominal-wall analogue, oriented so the appendix can be approached through the open-appendectomy incision.
	\| references = <references />		\| references = <references><ref name="matthews-cost">Matthews et al. (2022) report 70 Kenyan shillings (US$0.64) per model. The reusable binder clips and plastic container cost 334 Kenyan shillings (US$2.94) and are not included.</ref></references>
	\| features = An eight-layer abdominal-wall analogue over a glove-based appendix–cecum complex in a small plastic container, assembled in about an hour. The trainee opens the abdominal wall, identifies the appendix, ligates the appendiceal artery within the mesoappendix, removes the appendix, and closes the wall — covering all four sections of an open appendectomy.		\| features = An eight-layer abdominal-wall analogue over a glove-based appendix–cecum complex in a small plastic container, assembled in about an hour. The trainee opens the abdominal wall, identifies the appendix, ligates the appendiceal artery within the mesoappendix, removes the appendix, and closes the wall — covering all four sections of an open appendectomy.
	\| specialized_tools = None — built from everyday materials (a marker draws the muscle-fibre striations during construction) and practised with standard open-surgery instruments.		\| specialized_tools = None — built from everyday materials (a marker draws the muscle-fibre striations during construction) and practised with standard open-surgery instruments.
	\| version = Version 1		\| version = Version 1
	\| build_time_cost = US$0.64 ~~(70 Kenyan shillings)~~		\| build_time_cost = US$0.64<ref name="matthews-cost" />
	\| dev_team_contact = AMPATH surgical team — Indiana University (Indianapolis, IN); Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (Eldoret, Kenya); University of South Carolina and Prisma Health (Columbia, SC); and CaseNetwork (Philadelphia, PA). Corresponding author: Manisha B. Bhatia, MD (manishab917@gmail.com).		\| dev_team_contact = AMPATH surgical team — Indiana University (Indianapolis, IN); Moi University and Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (Eldoret, Kenya); University of South Carolina and Prisma Health (Columbia, SC); and CaseNetwork (Philadelphia, PA). Corresponding author: Manisha B. Bhatia, MD (manishab917@gmail.com).
	}}		}}

TissueDB/Simulators/Neonatal Ventilation Simulator (Haynes)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:37:55 GMT

Remove the repeated source list; shorten the development status to one line; state the funding as the paper does: no specific external funding, with the Laerdal links listed.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 3 October 2026
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	\| build_time = Commercial device — bought, not built.		\| build_time = Commercial device — bought, not built.
	\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source		\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source
	\| dev_status = ~~Haynes et al. (2021) evaluated the manikin for functional~~ fidelity ~~against~~ real newborn ventilation ~~and reported comparable performance~~; ~~the study demonstrates face and functional validity only, not~~ skill transfer or patient outcomes~~. A follow-up low-dose, high-frequency training~~ study ~~adds~~ maintenance-of-competence ~~evidence~~.<ref name="haynes2024">Haynes JC, Rettedal SI, Ushakova A, Perlman JM, Ersdal HL (2024). "How Much Training Is Enough? Low-Dose, High-Frequency Simulation Training and Maintenance of Competence in Neonatal Resuscitation." ''Simulation in Healthcare'' 19(6):341–349. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000783 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000783]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445834/ 38445834].</ref> The paper states it received no specific external funding. Laerdal supplied the simulation equipment. Three authors hold Laerdal Foundation scholarships. A Laerdal Medical research-and-development scientist is a co-author.		\| dev_status = Functional fidelity comparable to real newborn ventilation (2021); skill transfer and patient outcomes not tested; a 2024 study addresses maintenance of competence.<ref name="haynes2021" /><ref name="haynes2024">Haynes JC, Rettedal SI, Ushakova A, Perlman JM, Ersdal HL (2024). "How Much Training Is Enough? Low-Dose, High-Frequency Simulation Training and Maintenance of Competence in Neonatal Resuscitation." ''Simulation in Healthcare'' 19(6):341–349. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000783 10.1097/SIH.0000000000000783]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38445834/ 38445834].</ref>
	\| version = Version 1		\| version = Version 1
	\| structural_parts_rows = <tr>		\| structural_parts_rows = <tr>
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	The source validation study notes two fidelity limitations of the manikin. Limitation 1: The transition between "non-breathing" and "breathing adequately" is abrupt on the manikin. Real newborns show a more gradual change. Limitation 2: In the most difficult scenario (4), the low lung compliance comes from a closed valve. The valve gives little tidal volume and no visible chest rise until it opens abruptly. The manikin combines that low compliance with a heart-rate rise and a ventilation duration. Both disconnect from the real clinical scenario in which such low compliance would occur. Positive end-expiratory pressure was also lower on the manikin than in real newborns.		The source validation study notes two fidelity limitations of the manikin. Limitation 1: The transition between "non-breathing" and "breathing adequately" is abrupt on the manikin. Real newborns show a more gradual change. Limitation 2: In the most difficult scenario (4), the low lung compliance comes from a closed valve. The valve gives little tidal volume and no visible chest rise until it opens abruptly. The manikin combines that low compliance with a heart-rate rise and a ventilation duration. Both disconnect from the real clinical scenario in which such low compliance would occur. Positive end-expiratory pressure was also lower on the manikin than in real newborns.
	\| references = <references />		\| references = <references />
	~~''Sources consulted for this page but not cited at a specific claim:''~~		\| dev_team_contact = Joanna Haynes (Stavanger University Hospital / University of Stavanger, Norway; correspondence joanna.claire.haynes@sus.no). Device manufacturer: Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway. The study received no specific external funding. Laerdal Medical supplied the simulation equipment, three authors hold Laerdal Foundation grants or scholarships, and co-author Øystein Gomo is a Laerdal Medical research-and-development scientist (conflict of interest).

	* Haynes J, Bjorland P, Gomo Ø, Ushakova A, Rettedal S, Perlman J, Ersdal H. "Novel Neonatal Simulator Provides High-Fidelity Ventilation Training Comparable to Real-Life Newborn Ventilation." ''Children'' (Basel) 2021;8(10):940. DOI [https://doi.org/10.3390/children8100940 10.3390/children8100940]. PMID [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34682205 34682205]. PMC PMC8535021. Licensed CC BY 4.0.
	\| dev_team_contact = Joanna Haynes (Stavanger University Hospital / University of Stavanger, Norway; correspondence joanna.claire.haynes@sus.no). Device manufacturer: Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway. The study ~~was funded by~~ the Laerdal Foundation and co-author Øystein Gomo is a Laerdal Medical ~~R&D~~ scientist (conflict of interest).
	\| tissues_rows = <tr>		\| tissues_rows = <tr>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Lung\|Lung]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Lung\|Lung]]</td>

TissueDB/Simulators/Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:37:25 GMT

Remove the repeated source list; shorten the development status to one line, with the testing details in its reference.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 3 October 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	{{TissueDB Simulator Layout		{{TissueDB Simulator Layout
	\| procedure = Neonatal enterocutaneous anastomosis		\| procedure = Neonatal enterocutaneous anastomosis
	\| lead_paragraph = The Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator is a very low-cost trainer built from locally available materials — a pair of cigarettes — that medical officers and general surgeons use to practise the gentle handling of delicate neonatal tissues for enterocutaneous anastomosis during a newborn colostomy.<ref name="colostomy-newborns">Wong J, Udeigwe-Okeke C, Ameh E. ''Colostomy in Newborns'' training module. Appropedia, 2021; [https://www.appropedia.org/Colostomy_in_Newborns module page] (revision 1236236, retrieved 12 July 2026). The moistening and pair-of-cigarettes statements are on the module's Phase 2 page: [https://www.appropedia.org/Colostomy_in_Newborns/Neonatal_Enterocutaneous_Anastomosis_Simulator Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator].</ref> The thin cigarette paper, especially when moistened, stands in for the fragile bowel tissue of a neonate, and one pair accommodates about four sutures. The skill applies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where colostomies in newborns are often performed without a paediatric surgeon.		\| lead_paragraph = The Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator is a very low-cost trainer built from locally available materials — a pair of cigarettes — that medical officers and general surgeons use to practise the gentle handling of delicate neonatal tissues for enterocutaneous anastomosis during a newborn colostomy.<ref name="colostomy-newborns">Wong J, Udeigwe-Okeke C, Ameh E. ''Colostomy in Newborns'' training module. Appropedia, 2021; [https://www.appropedia.org/Colostomy_in_Newborns module page] (revision 1236236, retrieved 12 July 2026). The moistening and pair-of-cigarettes statements are on the module's Phase 2 page: [https://www.appropedia.org/Colostomy_in_Newborns/Neonatal_Enterocutaneous_Anastomosis_Simulator Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator]. The module reports a survey of 16 paediatric surgeons through the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery (GICS) to set the skills, and user testing on 29 September 2021 by five medical officers at the National Hospital of Abuja, Nigeria: all five reached the advanced level, three reached the optional expert level on their own, and two of those three completed the procedure on live animal models.</ref> The thin cigarette paper, especially when moistened, stands in for the fragile bowel tissue of a neonate, and one pair accommodates about four sutures. The skill applies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where colostomies in newborns are often performed without a paediatric surgeon.
	\| hero_image = Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator v2.0.jpg		\| hero_image = Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator v2.0.jpg
	\| hero_image_alt = Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator showing two cigarettes prepared for suturing practice		\| hero_image_alt = Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator showing two cigarettes prepared for suturing practice
Line 52:		Line 52:
	\| alternative_names = Pediatric Bowel Anastomosis Simulator, Cigarette Model		\| alternative_names = Pediatric Bowel Anastomosis Simulator, Cigarette Model
	\| references = <references />		\| references = <references />
	~~''Sources consulted for this page but not cited at a specific claim:''~~		\| dev_status = User-tested in 2021 by medical officers in Nigeria; no expert review of the simulator itself is reported.<ref name="colostomy-newborns" />

	* Wong J, Udeigwe-Okeke C, Ameh E. Colostomy in Newborns training module. Appropedia, 2021. Available at: https://www.appropedia.org/Colostomy_in_Newborns. The moistening and pair-of-cigarettes statements are on the module's Phase 2 page: [https://www.appropedia.org/Colostomy_in_Newborns/Neonatal_Enterocutaneous_Anastomosis_Simulator Neonatal Enterocutaneous Anastomosis Simulator].
	\| dev_status = ~~Skills prioritised by a survey of 16 paediatric surgeons worldwide through the Global Initiative for Children's Surgery (GICS).~~ User-tested ~~on 29 September~~ 2021 by ~~five~~ medical officers ~~at the National Hospital of Abuja,~~ Nigeria~~: all five reached the advanced level, three reached the optional expert level unaided, and two of those three completed the procedure on live animal models. The source describes~~ no expert review of the simulator itself.
	\| version = Version 1		\| version = Version 1
	\| specialized_tools = Standard needle driver, smooth (non-toothed) dissecting forceps, and Mayo scissors (to cut sutures and stabilise the proximal end of the cigarette closest to the learner). These reusable surgical instruments are typically provided by the training institution.		\| specialized_tools = Standard needle driver, smooth (non-toothed) dissecting forceps, and Mayo scissors (to cut sutures and stabilise the proximal end of the cigarette closest to the learner). These reusable surgical instruments are typically provided by the training institution.

TissueDB/Simulators/Neonatal ETT Ultrasound Simulator (Qaim Ali)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:37:00 GMT

Remove a field that never displays; shorten the development status to one line, with its citation.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:37, 3 October 2026
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	\| hero_image_license = CC BY 4.0 — Merali et al. 2019, ''BMC Pediatrics''. Open-access figure, free to reuse with attribution (full citation in the references).		\| hero_image_license = CC BY 4.0 — Merali et al. 2019, ''BMC Pediatrics''. Open-access figure, free to reuse with attribution (full citation in the references).
	\| lead_paragraph = The '''Neonatal ETT Ultrasound Simulator''' is a low-cost ultrasound phantom for training point-of-care ultrasound identification of tracheal versus esophageal endotracheal tube placement in a newborn. The original phantom recipe was described by Seguin and Tessaro in 2017.<ref name="seguin2017">Seguin J, Tessaro MO. "A simple, inexpensive phantom model for intubation ultrasonography training." ''Chest''. 2017;151(5):1194–1196. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.02.014 10.1016/j.chest.2017.02.014]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28483123/ 28483123].</ref> Merali et al. adapted the phantom for a neonatal ultrasound protocol,<ref name="merali2019">Merali HS, Tessaro MO, Ali KQ, Morris SK, Soofi SB, Ariff S. "A novel training simulator for portable ultrasound identification of incorrect newborn endotracheal tube placement – observational diagnostic accuracy study protocol." ''BMC Pediatrics''. 2019;19:434. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1717-y 10.1186/s12887-019-1717-y]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722685/ 31722685].</ref> and Qaim Ali et al. later used the neonatal configuration for provider training and evaluation.<ref name="qaimali2020">Qaim Ali K, Soofi SB, Hussain AS, Ansari U, Morris S, Tessaro MO, Ariff S, Merali H. "Simulator-based ultrasound training for identification of endotracheal tube placement in a neonatal intensive care unit using point of care ultrasound." ''BMC Medical Education''. 2020;20:409. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02338-4 10.1186/s12909-020-02338-4]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33160342/ 33160342].</ref> The simulator is a beef-gelatin and psyllium-fibre block containing two staggered cored lumens that reproduce the ultrasound geometry of the trachea and esophagus.		\| lead_paragraph = The '''Neonatal ETT Ultrasound Simulator''' is a low-cost ultrasound phantom for training point-of-care ultrasound identification of tracheal versus esophageal endotracheal tube placement in a newborn. The original phantom recipe was described by Seguin and Tessaro in 2017.<ref name="seguin2017">Seguin J, Tessaro MO. "A simple, inexpensive phantom model for intubation ultrasonography training." ''Chest''. 2017;151(5):1194–1196. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.02.014 10.1016/j.chest.2017.02.014]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28483123/ 28483123].</ref> Merali et al. adapted the phantom for a neonatal ultrasound protocol,<ref name="merali2019">Merali HS, Tessaro MO, Ali KQ, Morris SK, Soofi SB, Ariff S. "A novel training simulator for portable ultrasound identification of incorrect newborn endotracheal tube placement – observational diagnostic accuracy study protocol." ''BMC Pediatrics''. 2019;19:434. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-019-1717-y 10.1186/s12887-019-1717-y]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31722685/ 31722685].</ref> and Qaim Ali et al. later used the neonatal configuration for provider training and evaluation.<ref name="qaimali2020">Qaim Ali K, Soofi SB, Hussain AS, Ansari U, Morris S, Tessaro MO, Ariff S, Merali H. "Simulator-based ultrasound training for identification of endotracheal tube placement in a neonatal intensive care unit using point of care ultrasound." ''BMC Medical Education''. 2020;20:409. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02338-4 10.1186/s12909-020-02338-4]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33160342/ 33160342].</ref> The simulator is a beef-gelatin and psyllium-fibre block containing two staggered cored lumens that reproduce the ultrasound geometry of the trachea and esophagus.
	\| general_info = Low-cost neonatal airway-ultrasound phantom derived from the Seguin and Tessaro intubation-ultrasonography model. The original recipe uses 90 mL beef gelatin powder, 60 mL orange psyllium fibre and 500 mL boiling water, followed by overnight refrigeration at 4 °C. The sources give no total build time.
	\| features = The trainee scans the phantom in the transverse plane using a linear ultrasound transducer. The model contains an upper simulated tracheal lumen and a lower simulated esophageal lumen. A retained gelatin plug can be placed in or removed from the esophageal lumen to change its sonographic appearance and allow training in recognition of tracheal versus esophageal endotracheal tube placement. Qaim Ali et al. used the phantom for neonatal intensive-care provider ultrasound training.		\| features = The trainee scans the phantom in the transverse plane using a linear ultrasound transducer. The model contains an upper simulated tracheal lumen and a lower simulated esophageal lumen. A retained gelatin plug can be placed in or removed from the esophageal lumen to change its sonographic appearance and allow training in recognition of tracheal versus esophageal endotracheal tube placement. Qaim Ali et al. used the phantom for neonatal intensive-care provider ultrasound training.
	\| dev_status = ~~Qaim Ali et al. evaluated simulator-based ultrasound training~~ in a single-centre neonatal intensive-care ~~setting. Provider~~ performance on the simulator~~-based assessment~~ improved ~~after training. Participants also practised ultrasound on intubated NICU~~ patients~~, but the study did~~ not ~~document or rate patient-level localization performance in a way that establishes transfer of simulator-acquired skill to newborn clinical ETT localization~~.		\| dev_status = Tested in a single-centre neonatal intensive-care training study: performance on the simulator improved; skill transfer to real patients was not documented.<ref name="qaimali2020" />
	\| build_time = -		\| build_time = -
	\| build_time_cost = ~US$2		\| build_time_cost = ~US$2

TissueDB/Simulators/Meckel's Diverticulectomy Simulator

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:36:36 GMT

Retitle the section on what the parts represent and combine two of its points; remove a size and a build step from two Notes cells (both stay in the build steps); shorten the development status to one line.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 3 October 2026
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	\| lead_paragraph = The '''Meckel's Diverticulectomy Simulator''' is a low-cost laparoscopic trainer built from locally available materials for practising Meckel's diverticulectomy and small-bowel handling.<ref name="allsafe-meckels">ALL-SAFE Consortium. ''Meckel's Diverticulum Simulation build instructions.'' [[ALL-SAFE/Meckel's Diverticulum/Simulation]] on Appropedia; [[Media:Meckel's build instructions.pdf\|Meckel's build instructions PDF]] (225 KB, 9 pages). Build-instruction document not indexed in PubMed; primary source linked directly.</ref> A single flat bed sheet is rolled and shaped to represent an ileal segment, Meckel's diverticulum and mesentery. Rubber bands secure the tissue geometry, numbered tape labels identify bowel sections, and a cardboard holder mounts the model inside a [[TissueDB/Simulators/Laparoscopic Box Trainer Simulator\|laparoscopic box trainer]].		\| lead_paragraph = The '''Meckel's Diverticulectomy Simulator''' is a low-cost laparoscopic trainer built from locally available materials for practising Meckel's diverticulectomy and small-bowel handling.<ref name="allsafe-meckels">ALL-SAFE Consortium. ''Meckel's Diverticulum Simulation build instructions.'' [[ALL-SAFE/Meckel's Diverticulum/Simulation]] on Appropedia; [[Media:Meckel's build instructions.pdf\|Meckel's build instructions PDF]] (225 KB, 9 pages). Build-instruction document not indexed in PubMed; primary source linked directly.</ref> A single flat bed sheet is rolled and shaped to represent an ileal segment, Meckel's diverticulum and mesentery. Rubber bands secure the tissue geometry, numbered tape labels identify bowel sections, and a cardboard holder mounts the model inside a [[TissueDB/Simulators/Laparoscopic Box Trainer Simulator\|laparoscopic box trainer]].
	\| features = Presents a tubular small-bowel segment with a Meckel's diverticulum, mesentery and fourteen numbered bowel sections, mounted in a cardboard holder for use inside a laparoscopic box trainer. The learner identifies the diverticulum, handles the simulated small bowel and practises diverticulectomy.		\| features = Presents a tubular small-bowel segment with a Meckel's diverticulum, mesentery and fourteen numbered bowel sections, mounted in a cardboard holder for use inside a laparoscopic box trainer. The learner identifies the diverticulum, handles the simulated small bowel and practises diverticulectomy.
	\| dev_status = ~~The~~ ALL-SAFE developer module and build instructions ~~document the simulator and its training use. The available evidence does not establish a formal~~ validation study ~~specific to~~ this ~~individual~~ simulator.		\| dev_status = Documented in the ALL-SAFE developer module and build instructions; no validation study of this simulator is reported.
	\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source		\| build_time_cost = Not stated in source
	\| specialized_tools = Ruler; scissors; box cutter or scalpel; marker or Sharpie. A [[TissueDB/Simulators/Laparoscopic Box Trainer Simulator\|laparoscopic box trainer]] is required to mount and use the completed module but is not constructed as part of this simulator.		\| specialized_tools = Ruler; scissors; box cutter or scalpel; marker or Sharpie. A [[TissueDB/Simulators/Laparoscopic Box Trainer Simulator\|laparoscopic box trainer]] is required to mount and use the completed module but is not constructed as part of this simulator.
Line 26:		Line 26:
	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, Woven\|Flat bed sheet / thin light-coloured fabric]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, Woven\|Flat bed sheet / thin light-coloured fabric]]</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~A 3–6 cm portion~~ of the rolled bowel wall ~~is pulled outward~~ and ~~secured~~ with a rubber band ~~to form the diverticulum~~. The source does not state that the sheet is woven.</td>		<td>Formed from part of the rolled bowel wall and held in shape with a rubber band. The source does not state that the sheet is woven.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>

Line 57:		Line 57:
	<td>Cardboard</td>		<td>Cardboard</td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>~~Cardboard holder cut to the source template. It secures~~ the bowel/mesentery assembly to the floor of the laparoscopic box trainer.</td>		<td>Secures the bowel and mesentery assembly to the floor of the laparoscopic box trainer.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	\| build_instructions = === Phase 1: Make the bowel and mesentery ===		\| build_instructions = === Phase 1: Make the bowel and mesentery ===
Line 209:		Line 209:
	[[File:TissueDB-Sim-Meckels Diverticulum Simulator-Final-product.png\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Completed Meckel's Diverticulectomy Simulator]]		[[File:TissueDB-Sim-Meckels Diverticulum Simulator-Final-product.png\|thumb\|300px\|right\|Completed Meckel's Diverticulectomy Simulator]]

	=== ~~Source and ontology boundaries~~ ===		=== What the parts represent ===

	* The ~~developer build directly supports the Bowel~~, Meckel's ~~Diverticulum~~ and ~~Mesentery relationships on this page.~~		* The bowel, Meckel's diverticulum and mesentery are all formed from the same flat bed sheet or thin light-coloured fabric.
	* All three are formed from the same flat bed sheet / thin light-coloured fabric.
	* The source does not specify the textile weave.		* The source does not specify the textile weave.
	* The source explicitly specifies 10 rubber bands.		* The source explicitly specifies 10 rubber bands.

TissueDB/Simulators/Lumbar Laminectomy and Dural Closure Simulator (Bakhshi)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:36:14 GMT

Name the suture polymer (Prolene is polypropylene), with a citation; remove a note addressed to page editors and a field that never displays; shorten the development status to one line; record this as version 2.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:36, 3 October 2026
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	\| hero_image_alt = A three-part figure of a low-cost spine surgery simulator: a book-fold foam block, a saw-bone spine exposed with retractors, and microscope views of a laminectomy with a latex-glove dura.		\| hero_image_alt = A three-part figure of a low-cost spine surgery simulator: a book-fold foam block, a saw-bone spine exposed with retractors, and microscope views of a laminectomy with a latex-glove dura.
	\| lead_paragraph = The '''Lumbar Laminectomy and Dural Closure Simulator (Bakhshi)''' is an in-house spine simulator for practising lumbar laminectomy and spinal dural closure.<ref name="bakhshi2022">Bakhshi SK, Ahmad R, Merchant AAH, Noorali AA, Abdul Rahim K, Shaikh NQ, Afzal N, Lakhdir MPA, Shamim MS, Haider AH. "Development, outcome and costs of a simulation-based neurosurgery bootcamp at the national level." ''BMC Medical Education''. 2022;22:896. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03965-9 10.1186/s12909-022-03965-9]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36578075/ 36578075]. PMC: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9795592/ PMC9795592]. CC BY 4.0.</ref> An L1–S1 saw-bone spine model sits inside a foam block covered with rexine that opens like a book. A slit in the upper component provides the operative opening. A latex glove mounted over a window in a 5 cc plastic syringe represents the dura beneath the laminectomy site. Trainees expose the spine with lumbar retractors, remove the lamina with a bone nibbler and Kerrison rongeur under an operating microscope, and practise closing the simulated dura with 6-0 Prolene.		\| lead_paragraph = The '''Lumbar Laminectomy and Dural Closure Simulator (Bakhshi)''' is an in-house spine simulator for practising lumbar laminectomy and spinal dural closure.<ref name="bakhshi2022">Bakhshi SK, Ahmad R, Merchant AAH, Noorali AA, Abdul Rahim K, Shaikh NQ, Afzal N, Lakhdir MPA, Shamim MS, Haider AH. "Development, outcome and costs of a simulation-based neurosurgery bootcamp at the national level." ''BMC Medical Education''. 2022;22:896. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03965-9 10.1186/s12909-022-03965-9]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36578075/ 36578075]. PMC: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9795592/ PMC9795592]. CC BY 4.0.</ref> An L1–S1 saw-bone spine model sits inside a foam block covered with rexine that opens like a book. A slit in the upper component provides the operative opening. A latex glove mounted over a window in a 5 cc plastic syringe represents the dura beneath the laminectomy site. Trainees expose the spine with lumbar retractors, remove the lamina with a bone nibbler and Kerrison rongeur under an operating microscope, and practise closing the simulated dura with 6-0 Prolene.
	\| general_info = In-house lumbar spine simulator developed for a national neurosurgery bootcamp in Karachi, Pakistan. The source describes an L1–S1 saw-bone spine, a foam-and-rexine access block, and a latex-glove dura mounted on a 5 cc syringe. Two residents worked on each model during the bootcamp. The source does not state a total fabrication time or the dimensions, fixation method, or detailed fabrication method of the foam-and-rexine block.
	\| features = The foam-and-rexine block opens like a book. Its lower component contains the saw-bone lumbar spine and its upper component has a slit representing the operative incision. Lumbar spine retractors widen the opening. The trainee performs laminectomy with a bone nibbler and Kerrison rongeur under an operating microscope, exposing a latex-glove dura that can then be sutured with 6-0 Prolene. The authors state that simulator difficulty can be increased by increasing depth.		\| features = The foam-and-rexine block opens like a book. Its lower component contains the saw-bone lumbar spine and its upper component has a slit representing the operative incision. Lumbar spine retractors widen the opening. The trainee performs laminectomy with a bone nibbler and Kerrison rongeur under an operating microscope, exposing a latex-glove dura that can then be sutured with 6-0 Prolene. The authors state that simulator difficulty can be increased by increasing depth.
	\| dev_status = ~~Built~~ in~~-house and used during~~ a two-day national ~~neurosurgery~~ bootcamp ~~attended by~~ 22 PGY-1 residents~~. Lumbar~~ laminectomy was ~~one of four procedural skills evaluated~~ with ~~the modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills (~~mOSATS), ~~comparing first and third attempts. Simulated spinal~~ dural closure ~~was included in the curriculum and received separate relevance and usefulness ratings, but the authors state that the dural-closure task itself~~ was not evaluated in the ~~bootcamp. The spine~~ simulator ~~has~~ not ~~been systematically~~ validated ~~as a standalone training simulator~~.		\| dev_status = Used in a two-day national bootcamp (22 PGY-1 residents); laminectomy was assessed with mOSATS, dural closure was not evaluated, and the simulator is not yet validated on its own.<ref name="bakhshi2022" />
	\| build_time_cost = US$60		\| build_time_cost = US$60
	\| general_info_extra = '''Cost notes:''' The quoted total is for the spine simulator with saw-bone model. Build time was not reported. The laminectomy instrument set was reported separately at US$42 per set and is not included in the simulator cost.		\| general_info_extra = '''Cost notes:''' The quoted total is for the spine simulator with saw-bone model. Build time was not reported. The laminectomy instrument set was reported separately at US$42 per set and is not included in the simulator cost.
	\| specialized_tools = Bone nibbler and Kerrison rongeur for laminectomy; lumbar spine retractors for exposure; operating microscope for laminectomy and dural suturing. A 6-0 Prolene suture is used for dural closure. The source reports that the 6-0 Prolene was supplied free of charge by vendors during the bootcamp. The separate laminectomy instrument set cost US$42 per station.		\| specialized_tools = Bone nibbler and Kerrison rongeur for laminectomy; lumbar spine retractors for exposure; operating microscope for laminectomy and dural suturing. A 6-0 Prolene suture is used for dural closure. The source reports that the 6-0 Prolene was supplied free of charge by vendors during the bootcamp. The separate laminectomy instrument set cost US$42 per station.
	\| version = Version 1		\| version = Version 2
	\| dev_team_contact = Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; saqib.bakhshi@aku.edu. The simulator was used as part of the national neurosurgery bootcamp reported by Bakhshi et al. (2022).		\| dev_team_contact = Saqib Kamran Bakhshi, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; saqib.bakhshi@aku.edu. The simulator was used as part of the national neurosurgery bootcamp reported by Bakhshi et al. (2022).
	\| tissues_rows = <tr>		\| tissues_rows = <tr>
Line 48:		Line 47:
	<td>Dural-closure suture</td>		<td>Dural-closure suture</td>
	<td>As required</td>		<td>As required</td>
	<td>6-0 Prolene suture</td>		<td>6-0 Prolene (polypropylene) suture<ref name="praveen2026">Praveen RT, R RH, Prasad K, P N S, Dave P, C A S. "Polypropylene Versus Polydioxanone Sutures for Fascial Closure in Emergency Midline Laparotomy: A Retrospective Comparative Study." ''Cureus''. 2026;18(4):e107312. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.107312 10.7759/cureus.107312]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42164220/ 42164220].</ref></td>
	<td>-</td>		<td>-</td>
	<td>Use-time consumable for suturing the simulated dura. The source reports that 6-0 Prolene sutures were provided free of charge by vendors during the bootcamp; this does not establish a normal purchase price.</td>		<td>Use-time consumable for suturing the simulated dura. The source reports that 6-0 Prolene sutures were provided free of charge by vendors during the bootcamp; this does not establish a normal purchase price.</td>
Line 98:		Line 97:
	'''Step 1.''' Use 6-0 Prolene under the operating microscope to suture the latex-glove dura.		'''Step 1.''' Use 6-0 Prolene under the operating microscope to suture the latex-glove dura.

	'''Evidence limitation:''' simulated spinal dural closure was included as a bootcamp skill station and was rated for relevance and usefulness, but the authors explicitly state that the dural-closure task was not evaluated in the bootcamp~~. Do not transfer the laminectomy mOSATS findings to dural closure~~.		'''Evidence limitation:''' simulated spinal dural closure was included as a bootcamp skill station and was rated for relevance and usefulness, but the authors explicitly state that the dural-closure task was not evaluated in the bootcamp.

	=== Known limitations ===		=== Known limitations ===

TissueDB/Simulators/Multipurpose Thoracic Simulator (Carter)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:35:40 GMT

Link the ribs in the bone row to the Rib page, as on the other chest tube simulator pages.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 3 October 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:
	\| lead_paragraph = The '''Multipurpose Thoracic Simulator''' is a low-cost, bench-top chest-wall trainer built from a porcine rib rack, an intravenous-fluid bag with added air, headliner foam and an antimicrobial drape, for practising two fundamental invasive thoracic procedures: thoracentesis and chest-tube (thoracostomy) insertion.<ref name="carter2010">Carter YM, Wilson BM, Hall E, Marshall MB (2010). "Multipurpose Simulator for Technical Skill Development in Thoracic Surgery." ''Journal of Surgical Research'' 163(2):186–191. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.051 10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.051]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20691997/ 20691997].</ref> The same module mounts in an upright training manikin for the thoracentesis station and transfers into a separate simulated thorax for the chest-tube station.		\| lead_paragraph = The '''Multipurpose Thoracic Simulator''' is a low-cost, bench-top chest-wall trainer built from a porcine rib rack, an intravenous-fluid bag with added air, headliner foam and an antimicrobial drape, for practising two fundamental invasive thoracic procedures: thoracentesis and chest-tube (thoracostomy) insertion.<ref name="carter2010">Carter YM, Wilson BM, Hall E, Marshall MB (2010). "Multipurpose Simulator for Technical Skill Development in Thoracic Surgery." ''Journal of Surgical Research'' 163(2):186–191. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.051 10.1016/j.jss.2010.04.051]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20691997/ 20691997].</ref> The same module mounts in an upright training manikin for the thoracentesis station and transfers into a separate simulated thorax for the chest-tube station.
	\| tissues_rows = <tr>		\| tissues_rows = <tr>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Bone\|Bone]] (ribs)</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Bone\|Bone]] ([[TissueDB/Tissues/Rib\|ribs]])</td>
	<td>1 rack (4–5 rib segment)</td>		<td>1 rack (4–5 rib segment)</td>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Animal Bone\|Porcine ribs]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Animal Bone\|Porcine ribs]]</td>

TissueDB/Materials/PLA

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:35:12 GMT

Remove the Bettega chest tube simulator from the rib row: its paper does not name the printing material.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 3 October 2026
Line 23:		Line 23:
	<td></td>		<td></td>
	<td></td>		<td></td>
	<td>~~Brannan:~~ PLA filament (grade not specified in the source)~~. Bettega: printing material not reported.~~</td>		<td>PLA filament (grade not specified in the source)</td>
	<td>~~[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega)\|Chest Tube Simulator (Bettega)]];~~ [[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)\|Chest Tube Simulator (Brannan)]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)\|Chest Tube Simulator (Brannan)]]</td>
	<td>The Brannan rib framework is printed in ivory PLA and provides rigid landmarks for chest tube insertion in a multifunctional thorax model. ~~Bettega's CT-derived, 3D-printed rib framework is a related use; its paper does not identify~~ the ~~printing material. See each~~ simulator's build instructions for its reported printing requirements and costs.</td>		<td>The Brannan rib framework is printed in ivory PLA and provides rigid landmarks for chest tube insertion in a multifunctional thorax model. See the simulator's build instructions for its reported printing requirements and costs.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	<tr>		<tr>

TissueDB/Tissues/Peritoneum and Serosa

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:34:41 GMT

Remove the chest tube simulator row whose source does not name the pleura material; the simulator page keeps its description.

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:34, 3 October 2026
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	<td>Parietal pleura cast as part of the gelatin-glycerol PDA model; trainees dissect it off the aorta to expose the PDA before ligation.</td>		<td>Parietal pleura cast as part of the gelatin-glycerol PDA model; trainees dissect it off the aorta to expose the PDA before ligation.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	~~<tr><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega)\|Chest Tube Simulator (Bettega)]]</td><td>Material not specified in source.</td></tr>~~
	<tr>		<tr>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Tape\|Gaffer Tape]] over cellophane ([[TissueDB/Materials/Plastic Film\|Plastic Film]])</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Tape\|Gaffer Tape]] over cellophane ([[TissueDB/Materials/Plastic Film\|Plastic Film]])</td>

TissueDB/Tissues/Rib

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 14:34:18 GMT

Remove the two chest tube simulator rows whose source does not name a material; the simulator page keeps its description.

@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 <td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Man-O-War)|Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Man-O-War)]]</td>
 <td>Plaster casting roll wrapped over the rib cores cut from the bucket wall; the source states the stiffened ribs "offer a real sensation of bones on palpation" (Nasri et al. 2023).</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>

Appropedia:Village pump

Sophivorus — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 11:42:21 GMT

Database error: Reply

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:42, 3 October 2026
Line 178:		Line 178:

	Getting a database error on [[:Category:Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology Members]] -any ideas what is going on? [[User:J.M.Pearce\|Joshua Pearce]] ([[User talk:J.M.Pearce\|talk]]) 10:57, 3 October 2026 (UTC)		Getting a database error on [[:Category:Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology Members]] -any ideas what is going on? [[User:J.M.Pearce\|Joshua Pearce]] ([[User talk:J.M.Pearce\|talk]]) 10:57, 3 October 2026 (UTC)

			:@[[User:J.M.Pearce\|J.M.Pearce]] Fixed, apologies for the inconvenience. [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 11:42, 3 October 2026 (UTC)

User talk:Sophivorus

Sophivorus — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 11:41:12 GMT

Testing again

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:41, 3 October 2026
Line 37:		Line 37:

	:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)		:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)

	~~== Testing again ==~~

	~~goodbye cruel world [[User:Tester2\|Tester2]] ([[User talk:Tester2\|talk]]) 22:37, 2 October 2026 (UTC)~~

Appropedia:Village pump

J.M.Pearce — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 10:57:57 GMT

Database error: new section

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:57, 3 October 2026
Line 174:		Line 174:

	[[User:TomStanton\|TomStanton]] ([[User talk:TomStanton\|talk]]) 15:16, 21 September 2026 (UTC)		[[User:TomStanton\|TomStanton]] ([[User talk:TomStanton\|talk]]) 15:16, 21 September 2026 (UTC)

			== Database error ==

			Getting a database error on [[:Category:Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology Members]] -any ideas what is going on? [[User:J.M.Pearce\|Joshua Pearce]] ([[User talk:J.M.Pearce\|talk]]) 10:57, 3 October 2026 (UTC)

NREMT Skillset/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)/vi

Translations bot — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 10:19:47 GMT

Automatic translation

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:19, 3 October 2026
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	{{Automatic translation notice}}		{{Automatic translation notice}}

	{		{

Foldscope Budget Microscope/ko

Translations bot — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 08:23:19 GMT

자동 번역

New page

{{Automatic translation notice}}

{{DISPLAYTITLE:폴드스코프 저가형 현미경}}<html><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external autonumber" href="http://arxiv.org/abs/1403.1211">폴드스코프는 종이접기를 이용하여 주로 종이로 만든 현미경입니다. [1]</a> 에 작성 및 제출된 논문 과 스탠포드 대학교의 James Cybulski, James Clements, Manu Prakash가 제작한 TED 비디오 <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.ted.com/talks/manu">"종이접기처럼 접히는 50센트짜리 현미경"에서 설명되어 있습니다</a> . 작은 버튼형 배터리가 SMD LED에 전원을 공급하여 특수 렌즈를 통해 관찰되는 슬라이드나 기타 물질을 비춥니다. 현재 레이저 커터를 사용하여 두꺼운 카드보드로 자른 설계 파일이 없으므로, 관심 있는 사람들은 렌즈 장착 시스템을 직접 만져보고 전기 회로를 구성하는 연습을 하는 것이 가장 좋습니다.연구 개발의 범위<ul><li>간단한 CAD 파일을 만들거나, 종이, 카드, 플라스틱을 손으로 직접 잘라내세요.</li><li>종이에 렌즈 구멍 크기를 정하고, A4 용지에서 레이저 커팅기로 30~40개의 정사각형을 잘라냅니다. 각 정사각형에는 해당 크기의 구멍이 뚫려 있어야 합니다. 이렇게 하면 콘택트렌즈, 안경, 카메라 렌즈 등 다양한 렌즈를 시험해 볼 수 있습니다.</li><li>제공된 광학 부품을 사용하여 렌즈를 만드는 방법에 대한 자세한 정보, 특히 동영상을 찾아보세요.</li><li>A4 용지에 전자 회로를 이용한 실험을 해볼 때, 쉽게 구할 수 있는 다른 LED( <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.sparkfun.com/products/11250">0603 SMD LED 등)는 어떤 것들이 있을까요?</a> 어떤 색상의 LED를 사용할 수 있을까요? 구리 테이프 대신 알루미늄 호일을 사용할 수 있을까요? (납땜이 쉽지는 않겠지만 가능할 것 같습니다.) 로스코 컬러 필터 중에서 어떤 것들이 재미있을까요? 측면이 아닌 상단에 제어 버튼이 있는 SMD 스위치를 사용할 수 있을까요?</li><li>유럽 및 기타 지역에서 렌즈를 대량으로 구매하는 방법을 알아보세요.</li><li>...</li></ul><pre>링크: <a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="http://www.foldscope.com">폴드스코프</a></pre><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">관련 항목도 참조하세요</h2></div><ul><li><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjEjxE6VDuk">스마트폰을 현미경으로 바꿔보세요</a></li></ul><div class="template-databox searchaux" tabindex="0"><table><caption>페이지 데이터</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th title="">특허</th><td><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z"></path></svg><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/">CC-BY-SA-3.0</a></td></tr><tr class="noprint"><th title="">언어</th><td><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M16.77 8l1.94-2a1 1 0 0 0 0-1.41l-3.34-3.3a1 1 0 0 0-1.41 0L12 3.23zm-5.81-3.71L1 14.25V19h4.75l9.96-9.96-4.75-4.75z"></path></svg><a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=inlanguage%3A">영어</a> ()</td></tr><tr class="auto noprint"><th title="">번역</th><td>[[{{#search:incategory:"자동 번역" subpageof:"폴드스코프 저가형 현미경"|format=plain|separator=|{{ucfirst:English]], [[}}|English}}]]</td></tr><tr class="auto noprint"><th title="">관련된</th><td><a href="/Special:PrefixIndex/Foldscope_Budget_Microscope/" title="특징: 접두사 인덱스/폴드스코프 저가형 현미경/">{{#search:subpageof:"Foldscope Budget Microscope"|format=count|limit=999|namespace=*}}개의 하위 페이지</a> , <a href="/Special:WhatLinksHere/Foldscope_Budget_Microscope" title="특수:WhatLinksHere/Foldscope 예산 현미경">{{#search:linksto:"Foldscope Budget Microscope"|format=count|limit=999|namespace=*}}개의 페이지가 여기에 링크됩니다.</a></td></tr><tr class="auto noprint"><th title="">조회수</th><td>페이지 조회수 60회 ( <a href="/Special:Analytics/Foldscope_Budget_Microscope" title="특집: 분석/폴드스코프 저가형 현미경">분석 기준</a> )</td></tr><tr class="auto noprint"><th title="">생성됨</th><td><a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=creationdate%3A2014">2014년</a> 3월 14일 <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Asdfg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사용자:Asdfg (페이지가 존재하지 않습니다)">Asdfg</a> 작성<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Asdfg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="사용자:Asdfg (페이지가 존재하지 않습니다)"></a></td></tr><tr class="auto noprint"><th title="">마지막 수정</th><td><a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="https://www.appropedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=2025">2025년</a> 11월 27일 <a href="/User:StandardWikitext_bot" title="사용자:StandardWikitext 봇">StandardWikitext 봇</a> 작성<a href="/User:StandardWikitext_bot" title="사용자:StandardWikitext 봇"></a></td></tr><tr class="auto plainlinks"><th title="">인용 방법</th><td>Asdfg (2014–2025). <a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="https://www.appropedia.org/Foldscope_Budget_Microscope">"Foldscope Budget Microscope"</a> . Appropedia . 2026년 10월 2일 검색됨 .</td></tr><tr class="auto plainlinks noprint"><th title="">API 쿼리</th><td><a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/Foldscope%20Budget%20Microscope">기본</a> , <a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/Foldscope%20Budget%20Microscope/semantic">의미론적</a> , <a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/Foldscope%20Budget%20Microscope/html">HTML</a> , <a target="_self" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="text" href="//www.appropedia.org/w/rest.php/v1/page/Foldscope%20Budget%20Microscope/links/media">파일</a> , <a href="/Appropedia:APIs" title="Appropedia:APIs">기타</a></td></tr></tbody></table></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1195330">.mw-parser-output .template-databox{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle);box-sizing:border-box;clear:both;margin:1em 0}.mw-parser-output .template-databox caption{cursor:pointer;font-weight:bold;margin:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox caption:after{content:"▼";margin-left:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox table{border-spacing:.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .template-databox tbody{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox th,.mw-parser-output .template-databox td{padding:.1em .5em;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .template-databox th{text-align:left;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-databox th[title]:not([title=""]){cursor:help;text-decoration:underline dotted}.mw-parser-output .template-databox td{grid-column-start:2;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .template-databox tr{border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle);border-radius:4px}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .EditParam{float:right}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .smw-highlighter{float:right;margin-right:.5em}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .hide{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.trim td,.mw-parser-output .template-databox .trim td{max-width:1px;overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.trim a:hover,.mw-parser-output .template-databox .trim a:hover{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-databox .center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.float{float:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em;width:310px}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.hide{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.collapse tbody{display:none}body.read-mode .mw-parser-output .template-databox tbody{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.ve-ce-leafNode .auto{opacity:.5}@media screen and (max-width:800px){.mw-parser-output .template-databox table{display:table}.mw-parser-output .template-databox tbody{display:none}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.trim td,.mw-parser-output .template-databox .trim td{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .template-databox.float{float:none;margin:.5em 0;width:100%}}</style></div><div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""></div></html>

Appropriate technology/ko

Translations bot — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 08:21:27 GMT

자동 번역

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	{		{

Pedal powered generator/ko

Translations bot — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 08:19:06 GMT

자동 번역

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:19, 3 October 2026
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TissueDB/Materials/Plastic Tubing

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:40:49 GMT

Add the source-described Brannan air-path example, retaining the reported material and construction limits.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:40, 3 October 2026
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	<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Urinary Catheterization Simulator (Gillis)\|Urinary Catheterization Simulator (Gillis)]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Urinary Catheterization Simulator (Gillis)\|Urinary Catheterization Simulator (Gillis)]]</td>
	<td>A '''silicon urethral tube''' carries the Foley catheter from the external meatus to the bladder neck; its proximal end seats on a curved barbed PLA connector at the SLA-printed valve body, so the tube is the path along which the learner meets the mechanical sphincter resistance. The source's Figure 1 gives the urethra as approximately 178 mm long with a 7 mm internal diameter.<ref name="gillis2020">Gillis CJ, Bishop N, Walsh G, Harvey D. Evaluation of a Novel 3D-Printed Urinary Catheterization Simulation Model in Undergraduate Medical Education. ''Cureus'' 2020;12(5):e8377. DOI [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8377 10.7759/cureus.8377]. PMC [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7328704/ PMC7328704].</ref></td>		<td>A '''silicon urethral tube''' carries the Foley catheter from the external meatus to the bladder neck; its proximal end seats on a curved barbed PLA connector at the SLA-printed valve body, so the tube is the path along which the learner meets the mechanical sphincter resistance. The source's Figure 1 gives the urethra as approximately 178 mm long with a 7 mm internal diameter.<ref name="gillis2020">Gillis CJ, Bishop N, Walsh G, Harvey D. Evaluation of a Novel 3D-Printed Urinary Catheterization Simulation Model in Undergraduate Medical Education. ''Cureus'' 2020;12(5):e8377. DOI [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8377 10.7759/cureus.8377]. PMC [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7328704/ PMC7328704].</ref></td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
			<td>[[TissueDB/Tissues/Trachea\|Trachea]] (air path)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)\|Brannan Chest Tube Insertion Simulator]]</td>
			<td>Plastic tubing carries air from a bag valve mask to two punching balloons representing the lungs. The source calls this tube the "trachea". It does not specify its polymer, bore, length or connector fittings.<ref name="brannan2021">Brannan V, Dunne CL, Dubrowski A, Parsons MH (2021). "Development of a novel 3D-printed multifunctional thorax model simulator for the simulation-based training of tube thoracostomy." ''CJEM'' 23:547–550. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1007/s43678-021-00102-1 10.1007/s43678-021-00102-1]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33783760/ 33783760].</ref></td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	\| used_in_simulators_rows = <tr><td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Abdominal Wall Defect Simulator (Medeiros)\|Abdominal Wall Defect Simulator (Medeiros)]]</td><td>Source-listed latex tourniquet tube</td><td>Table 2 lists 5 mm × 1 m of latex tourniquet tube as stock. The paper describes cord components separately. It gives no material assignment, cut length or attachment method for them.<ref name="medeiros2023">Medeiros GA, Gualberto IJN, da Silva CHND, Diniz AMB, de Santana JBF, Volpe FP, Gadde R, Mazzo A, de Oliveira RC, Sbragia L. Development of a low-cost congenital abdominal wall defect simulator (wall-go) for undergraduate medical education: a validation study. ''BMC Medical Education''. 2023;23(1):966. Open access (CC BY 4.0). DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04929-3 10.1186/s12909-023-04929-3]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38102605/ 38102605].</ref></td></tr>		\| used_in_simulators_rows = <tr><td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Abdominal Wall Defect Simulator (Medeiros)\|Abdominal Wall Defect Simulator (Medeiros)]]</td><td>Source-listed latex tourniquet tube</td><td>Table 2 lists 5 mm × 1 m of latex tourniquet tube as stock. The paper describes cord components separately. It gives no material assignment, cut length or attachment method for them.<ref name="medeiros2023">Medeiros GA, Gualberto IJN, da Silva CHND, Diniz AMB, de Santana JBF, Volpe FP, Gadde R, Mazzo A, de Oliveira RC, Sbragia L. Development of a low-cost congenital abdominal wall defect simulator (wall-go) for undergraduate medical education: a validation study. ''BMC Medical Education''. 2023;23(1):966. Open access (CC BY 4.0). DOI: [https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04929-3 10.1186/s12909-023-04929-3]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38102605/ 38102605].</ref></td></tr>

TissueDB/Tissues/Bone

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:19:56 GMT

Remove the Bettega association from the PLA row because the source does not identify its printing material.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:19, 3 October 2026
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	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/PLA\|PLA]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/PLA\|PLA]]</td>
	<td></td><td></td>		<td></td><td></td>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)\|Brannan Chest Tube Simulator~~]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega)\|Chest Tube Simulator (Bettega)~~]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator\|Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Lower Limb Deformity Correction Simulator\|Lower Limb Deformity Correction Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Infant Intraosseous Infusion Simulator (Micallef)\|Micallef]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator\|Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Tibial Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator\|Tibial Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)\|Brannan Chest Tube Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator\|Humeral Fracture Fixation Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Lower Limb Deformity Correction Simulator\|Lower Limb Deformity Correction Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Infant Intraosseous Infusion Simulator (Micallef)\|Micallef]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator\|Pediatric Forearm Fracture Simulator]], [[TissueDB/Simulators/Tibial Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator\|Tibial Shaft Transverse Fracture Simulator]]</td>
	<td>Rigid 3D-printed thermoplastic bone analog providing hard cortical bone and rigid bony landmarks; used for drilling, external-fixation, and skeletal-framework practice. Can be printed hollow where consumable, single-use fragments are needed.<ref name="micallef2021">Micallef J, Arutiunian A, Hiley J, Benson A, Dubrowski A. The Development of a Cost-Effective Infant Intraosseous Infusion Simulator for Neonatal Resuscitation Program Training. ''Cureus'' 2021;13(10):e18824. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18824 10.7759/cureus.18824]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34804681/ 34804681].</ref></td>		<td>Rigid 3D-printed thermoplastic bone analog providing hard cortical bone and rigid bony landmarks; used for drilling, external-fixation, and skeletal-framework practice. Can be printed hollow where consumable, single-use fragments are needed.<ref name="micallef2021">Micallef J, Arutiunian A, Hiley J, Benson A, Dubrowski A. The Development of a Cost-Effective Infant Intraosseous Infusion Simulator for Neonatal Resuscitation Program Training. ''Cureus'' 2021;13(10):e18824. DOI: [https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18824 10.7759/cureus.18824]. PMID: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34804681/ 34804681].</ref></td>
	</tr>		</tr>

TissueDB/Tissues/Skin

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:17:25 GMT

Remove the Bettega overlay from the materials list because the source does not identify its material.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:17, 3 October 2026
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	<td>External skin overlay (type unspecified by Gauger 2018) for emergency needle cricothyroidotomy training.</td>		<td>External skin overlay (type unspecified by Gauger 2018) for emergency needle cricothyroidotomy training.</td>
	</tr>		</tr>
	~~<tr>~~
	~~<td>External skin overlay (material not specified by Bettega et al. 2019)</td>~~
	~~<td></td>~~
	~~<td></td>~~
	~~<td>[[TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Bettega)\|Chest Tube Simulator (Bettega)]]</td>~~
	<td>Yellow outer overlay visible in Figure 2 of Bettega 2019; source describes only "various materials" and does not name this layer. Provides incision surface for 1.5 cm skin incision in closed chest drainage procedure.</td>
	~~</tr>~~
	<tr>		<tr>
	<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, Woven\|Fabric]]</td>		<td>[[TissueDB/Materials/Cloth, Woven\|Fabric]]</td>

TissueDB/Simulators/Chest Tube Insertion Simulator (Brannan)

Arturopelayo — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:13:26 GMT

Link the general STL preparation guidance while retaining this simulator’s specified printers and materials.

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:13, 3 October 2026
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	</tr>		</tr>
	\| build_instructions = === Phase 1: 3D-Print the Rigid Skeleton ===		\| build_instructions = === Phase 1: 3D-Print the Rigid Skeleton ===

			For general STL-file preparation, see [[TissueDB/Materials/PLA\|working with PLA and STL files]]. Use this model's source-specific printer and material choices below.

	# Step 1: Obtain the thoracic ribcage base geometry from Thingiverse thing:1543880 (Rodriquez A., MakerBot 2016, spelling per source).		# Step 1: Obtain the thoracic ribcage base geometry from Thingiverse thing:1543880 (Rodriquez A., MakerBot 2016, spelling per source).

User:Emilio

Emilio — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 03:05:47 GMT

My work at Appropedia: [Edited with #MiniEdit]

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:05, 3 October 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
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	}}		}}

	Hi! I am an industrial engineer from El Salvador. I have dedicated ten years to organizations focused on social development and volunteer mobilization. My previous experience comes from Habitat for Humanity El Salvador, where I worked for eight years ~~prior to~~ Appropedia Foundation. I also led Reacción, a project to enable low-tech communication in rural areas, for which I became an [https://www.innovatorsunder35.com/the-list/manuel-emilio-velis/ Innovator Under 35 in 2015].		Hi! I am an industrial engineer from El Salvador. I have dedicated ten years to organizations focused on social development and volunteer mobilization. My previous experience comes from Habitat for Humanity El Salvador, where I worked for eight years before joining Appropedia Foundation. I also led Reacción, a project to enable low-tech communication in rural areas, for which I became an [https://www.innovatorsunder35.com/the-list/manuel-emilio-velis/ Innovator Under 35 in 2015].

	Over the past few years, I have also collaborated with different organizations such as the [https://fablabs.io/organizations/fab-lat Latin American Fab Lab Network], [https://web.archive.org/web/20201203063219/https://reaccion.net/ Reacción] and [http://www.insitusocial.com/ Fundación Insitu] in the design and execution of technological projects and initiatives by using participation as a medium for collaboration with non-technical communities to solve social and environmental problems.		Over the past few years, I have also collaborated with different organizations such as the [https://fablabs.io/organizations/fab-lat Latin American Fab Lab Network], [https://web.archive.org/web/20201203063219/https://reaccion.net/ Reacción] and [http://www.insitusocial.com/ Fundación Insitu] in the design and execution of technological projects and initiatives by using participation as a medium for collaboration with non-technical communities to solve social and environmental problems.

	I ~~am also an adjunct professor~~ at [[ESEN]] ([[ESEN Innovación\|Introduction to Innovation]] and Digital Fabrication) ~~and~~ the [https://www.innovation4development.org/ Digital Media for Development Seminar] at at Brandeis University (~~2020, 2021~~), a board member of [https://isoc.sv/ Internet Society El Salvador]and ~~chapter lead~~ of ~~Creative Commons El Salvador~~.		From 2020 to 2025, I taught at [[ESEN]] ([[ESEN Innovación\|Introduction to Innovation]] and Digital Fabrication). I also taught in 2020-2021 the [https://www.innovation4development.org/ Digital Media for Development Seminar] at Brandeis University (alongside [[User:Rodromoran]]). I'm also a board member of [https://isoc.sv/ Internet Society El Salvador] and a part of the supervisory board of the [[Global_Innovation_Gathering]] from 2024 to 2026.

	== My work at Appropedia ==		== My work at Appropedia ==

	~~Since~~ 2019 I ~~serve as~~ the Executive Director of The Appropedia Foundation. ~~Some of the activities that~~ I ~~am currently involved in are fundraising~~, ~~site development and community~~ building~~. Sometimes, I'm editing~~ help pages or fighting spam~~; some other times I'm helping facilitate work with professors who are running classes on Appropedia~~ and ~~organizations documenting hardware and international development~~ projects.		In 2019, I became the Executive Director of The Appropedia Foundation. On any given day, I might be editing documentation, building help pages, fighting spam, and supporting people as they document their projects.

	=== Personal pages and projects ===		=== Personal pages and projects ===
	~~This is a list of personal~~ projects I've documented on Appropedia		Here are projects I've participated in and documented on Appropedia
	* [[Digital Technologies for Sustainable Development]]		* [[Digital Technologies for Sustainable Development]]
	* [[Reacción (Red de Acción Comunitaria)]]		* [[Reacción (Red de Acción Comunitaria)]]
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	== Maintenance pages ==		== Maintenance pages ==

	These are some of the pages I'm slowly building.		These are some of the pages I'm slowly building.

	* [[Appropedia:Glossary]]		* [[Appropedia:Glossary]]
	* [[~~Appropedia~~:~~Tutorial~~]]		* [[User:Emilio/Documentation]]

Appropedia:Dumps

Emilio — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:49:08 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:49, 3 October 2026
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown)
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	~~{{Archived notice}}~~

	Appropedia publishes monthly XML dumps of all content at https://dumps.appropedia.org		Appropedia publishes monthly XML dumps of all content at https://dumps.appropedia.org

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	If you need a different dump, or would like to point out a flaw or suggest an improvement to the current dumps, please leave a message on the {{Talk page}} or the [[Appropedia:Village pump\|village pump]].		If you need a different dump, or would like to point out a flaw or suggest an improvement to the current dumps, please leave a message on the {{Talk page}} or the [[Appropedia:Village pump\|village pump]].

			[[Category:Appropedia maintenance]]

Appropedia:Archive

Emilio — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:27:55 GMT

Created page with "This page will host all archived pages from our Appropedia namespace for historical reasons, listed by year. == Pages == {{List subpages}}"

New page

This page will host all archived pages from our Appropedia namespace for historical reasons, listed by year.

== Pages ==
{{List subpages}}

Appropedia:Dumps

Emilio — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 02:25:21 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:25, 3 October 2026
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			{{Archived notice}}

	Appropedia publishes monthly XML dumps of all content at https://dumps.appropedia.org		Appropedia publishes monthly XML dumps of all content at https://dumps.appropedia.org

User:Uzairjamil

Uzairjamil — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 01:40:06 GMT

Brief Introduction

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:40, 3 October 2026
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	== Brief Introduction ==		== Brief Introduction ==

	Uzair Jamil is a Post-Graduate Research Assistant at the [[:Category:Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology Members\|Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology (FAST) Lab]] and a PhD ~~graduate~~ from the [https://uwo.ca/ University of Western Ontario] under the supervision of [[User:J.M.Pearce\|Dr. Joshua Pearce]], specializing in agrivoltaics and sustainable energy systems. His research ~~focuses~~ on integrating renewable energy with agriculture to optimize system efficiency, crop yields, and energy generation, with contributions spanning system design, innovative racking solutions, crop-specific modeling, and policy frameworks.		Uzair Jamil worked as a Post-Graduate Research Assistant at the [[:Category:Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology Members\|Free Appropriate Sustainability Technology (FAST) Lab]] and completed his PhD from the [https://uwo.ca/ University of Western Ontario] under the supervision of [[User:J.M.Pearce\|Dr. Joshua Pearce]], specializing in agrivoltaics and sustainable energy systems. His research focused on integrating renewable energy with agriculture to optimize system efficiency, crop yields, and energy generation, with contributions spanning system design, innovative racking solutions, crop-specific modeling, and policy frameworks.

	Before academia, Uzair gained extensive experience as a Mechanical Engineer in the energy, automotive, and polymer sectors, leading major projects including a 323 MW Turbine Retrofit with GE, feasibility studies for RFO-to-coal boiler conversions, Vigo/Fortuner vehicle programs at Toyota (2016/17), and several large-scale maintenance and repair operations.		Before academia, Uzair gained extensive experience as a Mechanical Engineer in the energy, automotive, and polymer sectors, leading major projects including a 323 MW Turbine Retrofit with GE, feasibility studies for RFO-to-coal boiler conversions, Vigo/Fortuner vehicle programs at Toyota (2016/17), and several large-scale maintenance and repair operations.
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	'''Western Innovation for Renewable Energy Deployment (WIRED)'''		'''Western Innovation for Renewable Energy Deployment (WIRED)'''

	I ~~am currently leading~~ the development of a 110kW Agrivotlaics test site - WIRED (Western Innovation for Renewable Energy Deployment) - at the The Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources. It will be the first Agrivoltaics test site inside Canada which will be used to experiment different PV racking designs with different types of crops. For more information, please visit [[Western Innovation for Renewable Energy (WIRED)]] page.		I lead the development of a 110kW Agrivotlaics test site - WIRED (Western Innovation for Renewable Energy Deployment) - at the The Institute for Chemicals and Fuels from Alternative Resources. It will be the first Agrivoltaics test site inside Canada which will be used to experiment different PV racking designs with different types of crops. For more information, please visit [[Western Innovation for Renewable Energy (WIRED)]] page.

	'''Agrivoltaics Conference - 2022'''		'''Agrivoltaics Conference - 2022'''

SHIFT Learning by Design California tribal lands

Tobin Segraves — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 01:25:41 GMT

Completed the Problem analysis section

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:25, 3 October 2026
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	== Problem analysis ==		== Problem analysis ==

	~~Introduce this~~ section ~~in one~~ to ~~two sentences that are specific~~ to ~~your~~ project~~. Refer~~ to ~~sections of~~ the ~~page, not phases of your process~~.		This section outlines the specifications, considerations, criteria and constraints, and finally our usage and production volume requirements provided by our client that we need to consider when building this project to ensure the final project will be up to the clients standards and meet their specific needs.

	=== Specifications ===		=== Specifications ===

	~~Specifications are what must exist and~~ the ~~conditions~~ the ~~design~~ must ~~meet. Introduce the list, e.g.~~, ~~the specifications for this project~~ include:		The information below includes the specifications we have been given by the client that must be met, they include:

	* Topographical		* Topographical
Line 38:		Line 38:
	* Pronunciations		* Pronunciations
	* Interactive Stand Alone		* Interactive Stand Alone
			* No block set aspects
			* Wall mounted
			* In portrait style
			* From Garberville to Crescent City

	=== Considerations ===		=== Considerations ===

	~~Considerations are what the design~~ must keep in mind~~. Introduce the list, e.g., the considerations for~~ this project ~~include~~:		This our group must keep the following list in mind when constructing this project:

	* the local climate		* the local climate
	* the end users and how they will interact with the design		* the end users and how they will interact with the design
			* It will be used in a classroom
			* It is to be used by Cal Poly Humboldt Students
			* Earthquake Safety
			* Teaching Device

	=== Criteria and constraints ===		=== Criteria and constraints ===

	~~Introduce criteria and constraints~~ in ~~a sentence or two~~, and ~~refer~~ to the ~~table, e~~.~~g.,~~ Table 1 lists the criteria, constraints, and weights for this project~~. Criteria are the basis for judging solutions; constraints are the limits each criterion must meet. Table captions go above the table. Keep this sortable~~.		Criteria is our baseline for our judgement in our solutions we generate, while constraints are the limitations of each criterion and the minimum that they must fulfill, in this project they must be met to ensure the project fulfilled the clients needs. Table one lists the criteria, constraints, and weights for this project.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	\|+ ~~Table 1: Example criteria and constraints~~ for ~~purchasing a chocolate bar. Replace with your project's criteria.~~		\|+ Criteria given by Clients for the Interactive Map of the California Tribal Lands
	! Criterion		! Criterion
	! Constraint		! Constraint
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	\|-		\|-
	\| Cost		\| Cost
	\| ~~Within the~~ given budget		\| Less than or equal to our given budget
	\| ?		\| ?
	\|-		\|-
	\| Interactive aspect		\| Interactive aspect
	\| ~~More than just pressing a button~~		\| Buttons, lights, and potentially an LED screen
	\| 10		\| 10
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Portability/Mountability~~		\| Weight
	\| ~~From 1-10, 1 being not movable and 10 being completely movable~~		\| Less than a certain amount so that it can be wall mounted
	~~Weight of the project~~
	\| ?		\| ?
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Location Range~~		\|Size
	\| ~~Maximum from Garberville~~ to ~~Crescent City~~		\|less than or equal to 4 feet tall and 2 feet wide
	\| ?		\|?
	\|-		\|-
	\| Audio		\| Audio
	\| Conversation Volume		\| Conversation Volume so as not to disturb classes
	\| ?		\| ?
	\|-		\|-
	\| Culturally Respectful		\| Culturally Respectful
	\| Based on information from tribal contacts		\| Based on information from tribal contacts
	~~\| ?~~
	\|-
	~~\| Power~~
	~~\| Needs to last at least 2 hours stand alone~~
	\| ?		\| ?
	\|}		\|}
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	=== Usage and production volume ===		=== Usage and production volume ===

	~~Describe how the~~ design will be used, for ~~how long, how often, and~~ by ~~whom~~. ~~State how many~~ will be ~~made and whether~~ others ~~are~~ expected to replicate it.		This design will be used in classes to help students visualized and get a better understanding of the material they are learning through the interactive aspects, it will be used for an unspecified amount of time as of this moment also being used multiple times a day by students of Cal Poly Humboldt in addition to curious passersby. Only one of the maps will be map with others not being expected to replicate it.

	== Literature review ==		== Literature review ==

SHIFT Learning by Design recruitment spin wheel

137.150.175.216 — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 01:03:04 GMT

Made some changes to constraints in criteria table.

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:03, 3 October 2026
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	\|-		\|-
	\| Durability		\| Durability
	\| ~~How often/intensive is it used?~~		\| Should last for 3-5 years, 12-14 events per year, 50-250 spins per event
	\| 8		\| 8
	\|-		\|-
	\| Ease of Use		\| Ease of Use
	\| ~~Assembly must~~ be ~~easy~~ to ~~understand for a~~ faculty member		\| Should be able to be assembled by any faculty member in 5-10 minutes
	\| 7		\| 7
	\|-		\|-

SHIFT Learning by Design recruitment spin wheel

2607:FB91:1DCB:76AF:B592:9742:1438:2B93 — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:55:24 GMT

Anatomy of a Spin-wheel

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:55, 3 October 2026
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
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	=== Usage and production volume ===		=== Usage and production volume ===

	~~Describe how the design will be used, for how long, how often, and by whom. State how many will be made and whether others are expected to replicate it.~~

	The Portable Recruitment Spin Wheel will be used for tabling events for the Department of Child Development and possible other interactive events. The Spin Wheel will be used for hours at a time for 1 to 2 times per month (idk yall), with the primary audience being prospective students and their families, including miscellaneous parties.		The Portable Recruitment Spin Wheel will be used for tabling events for the Department of Child Development and possible other interactive events. The Spin Wheel will be used for hours at a time for 1 to 2 times per month (idk yall), with the primary audience being prospective students and their families, including miscellaneous parties.
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	'''Light Emitting Diode, LED'''<ref name=":8">''Bommel, W. (2019). “Light Emitting Diode, LED” Springer ebooks, <''[https://www.academia.edu/169380512/Light_Emitting_Diode_LED?sm=b&rhid=42925378492 Light-Emitting Diode, LED] ''>(Septermber 23, 2026).''</ref>		'''Light Emitting Diode, LED'''<ref name=":8">''Bommel, W. (2019). “Light Emitting Diode, LED” Springer ebooks, <''[https://www.academia.edu/169380512/Light_Emitting_Diode_LED?sm=b&rhid=42925378492 Light-Emitting Diode, LED] ''>(Septermber 23, 2026).''</ref>
	: '''Summary:''' ~~The first chapter introduces the two different kinds of small electric motors~~, DC and AC. ~~It explains the basic differences between the two~~ and ~~how~~ they ~~are used~~ to ~~create movement~~. ~~The chapter goes into the topic~~ very ~~scientifically~~, but the major piece of information widely useful to Team TRANSFERMERS is that a DC motor would be a suitable choice for our Spin Wheel. It provides the rotational motion needed for the wheel while allowing the motor to be incorporated into the overall design.		: '''Summary:'''This book includes a few pages on LEDs, including how to connect them to a power source, their lifetime durability, and other properties. LEDs are reliable and easy to maintain; with proper care, they can last up to 50,000 hours. This means that they have a very good lifetime, which enhances durability.
	: '''Relevance:''' This is ~~relevant~~ to ~~team TRANSFERMERS because we will need a motor at~~ the ~~bottom of~~ the ~~Spin Wheel~~ for ~~one of our prototyping ideas. This is~~ a ~~book~~.		: '''Relevance:''' This information is critically important as Dr. Meenal would like to have colorful lights on the final spin-wheel. This seems like the best approach as it brings maintenance for lights to a minimum yet gives the client the visuals she would like.

	=== Audience Engagement / Interactivity ===		=== Audience Engagement / Interactivity ===
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	== Timeline ==		== Timeline ==

	~~Introduce the~~ timeline ~~in one to two sentences, then show it~~ as a ~~table with columns for date, description, and status. Post a proposed timeline early~~ in the ~~semester and update it at the end to show the actual timeline. Say how well your team met it and why dates changed~~.		This project timeline will be used as a guide as to what phase we should be in the throughout project.

			==== Table 3: Project Timeline ====

	{\| class="wikitable ~~sortable~~"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|~~+ Table~~ 3: Project ~~timeline.~~		! Week
	! ~~Date~~		! Milestone/Task
	~~! Description~~		! Team Lead
	~~! Status~~		! Notes
			\|-
			\| Week 4
			\| Intro email, Team contract, Section 1, Project Selection
			\| Team
			\| Client meeting and projects
			\|-
			\| Week 5
			\| Mind map, Research time, Section 2-Lit. Review
			\| Team
			\| Individual ref needed
			\|-
			\| Week 6
			\| Section 2- problem analysis, Phase 2, Timeline
			\| Team
			\| Ethics and check criteria
			\|-
			\| Week 7
			\| Phase 3, Brainstorming, Phase 4, Sections 3, observations & interviews
			\| Team
			\| Decision Phase or alternatives
			\|-
			\| Week 8
			\| Section4, Prototype photos, Observation 2, Midterm Peer & Class Evaluation
			\| Team
			\| Prototyping and feedback
			\|-
			\| Week 9
			\| Failures/Purchasing, Point Positive, Prototype photos and results 2, Section 4
			\| Team
			\| Course/peer feedback, testing, iteration, failures will arise
			\|-
			\| Week 10
			\| Project photos 1, Video storyboards
			\| Team
			\| Construction in Makerspace, project meetings, and videos
			\|-
			\| Week 11
			\| Specifications, Video, Human-centered design, Peer feedback prep, Project Photos 2
			\| Team
			\| Specifications, Makerspace and client walkthrough
			\|-
			\| Week 12
			\| Learning about Presenting, Draft Section 5, Project Photos 3
			\| Team
			\| Presenting, so prepare!
			\|-
			\| Week 13
			\| Practice Presentations and Slides, Try to have projects 90% done, Appropedia Draft
			\| Team
			\| Final Document needs prioritization
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Month Day, 2026~~		\| Week of Fall Break
	\| ~~Background and problem statement posted~~		\|
	\| ~~Complete~~		\|
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Month Day~~, ~~2026~~		\| Week 14
	\| ~~Literature review posted~~		\| Final Presentations, Final Project and Design Report
	\| ~~Complete~~		\| Team
			\| Meet for final preparations of project and presentation
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Month Day~~, ~~2026~~		\| Week 15
	\| ~~First prototype built~~		\| Loose Ends, Final Reflections
	\| ~~In progress~~		\| Team
			\| Product must be complete by now
	\|-		\|-
	\| ~~Month Day, 2026~~		\| Finals Week/Dec 17th
	\| Final ~~design installed and tested~~		\| Final Pitches
	\| ~~Not started~~		\| Whole Team
			\| Present product
	\|}		\|}

SHIFT Learning by Design recruitment spin wheel

137.150.175.216 — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:37:53 GMT

Added criteria/constraints introduction table, also updated table subjects, descriptions, and added weights.

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:37, 3 October 2026
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	=== Criteria and constraints ===		=== Criteria and constraints ===

	~~Introduce criteria and constraints in a sentence or two, and refer to the table, e.g.,~~ Table 1 lists the criteria, constraints, and ~~weights~~ for this project. ~~Criteria are~~ the ~~basis for judging solutions; constraints are~~ the ~~limits each criterion must meet. Table captions go above the table. Keep this sortable~~.		Table 1 lists the criteria, constraints, and their weighted importance for this project. These weights were created from the surveyed importance of these categories from both the client as well as our group.

	{\| class="wikitable sortable"		{\| class="wikitable sortable"
	\|+ Table 1: ~~Example criteria~~ and constraints for ~~purchasing a chocolate bar. Replace with your project's criteria.~~		\|+ Table 1: Criteria and constraints for Portable Recruitment Spin Wheel
	! Criterion		! Criterion
	! Constraint		! Constraint
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	\| Cost		\| Cost
	\| Less than or equal to the grant money ($400) and team budget ($300) combined		\| Less than or equal to the grant money ($400) and team budget ($300) combined
	\|		\|5
	\|-		\|-
	\| Safety		\| Safety
	\| ?		\| No one will be harmed while using product as intended
	\|		\|10
	\|-
	~~\| Weight~~
	~~\| Needs to~~ be ~~portable by one person with ease and the ability to have a free hand~~
	\|
	\|-		\|-
	\| Visual Appeal		\| Visual Appeal
	\| Attracts 17 out of 30 people		\| Attracts 17 out of 30 people
	\|		\|9
	\|-		\|-
	\| Durability		\| Durability
	\| How often/intensive is it used?		\| How often/intensive is it used?
	\|		\|8
	\|-		\|-
	\| Ease of Use		\| Ease of Use
	\| Assembly must be easy to understand for a faculty member		\| Assembly must be easy to understand for a faculty member
	\|		\|7
	\|-		\|-
	\| Legibility		\| Legibility
	\| Should be readable from a ~~certain distance~~		\| Should be readable from a 10 feet
	\|		\|6
	\|}		\|}

Sawdust stove/hi

Translations bot — Sat, 03 Oct 2026 00:21:36 GMT

Automatic translation

Show changes

Masonry stoves/de

Translations bot — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 23:17:05 GMT

Automatische Übersetzung

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User talk:Sophivorus

Tester2 — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 22:37:37 GMT

Testing again: new section

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:37, 2 October 2026
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	:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)		:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)

			== Testing again ==

			goodbye cruel world [[User:Tester2\|Tester2]] ([[User talk:Tester2\|talk]]) 22:37, 2 October 2026 (UTC)

3D printed bike pedal

Emilio — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 22:28:43 GMT

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:28, 2 October 2026
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	\| hardware-license = CC-BY-SA-4.0		\| hardware-license = CC-BY-SA-4.0
	}}		}}


	My goal was to create a printable item that would be useful in many regions and I realized that in many countries people rely on bikes. Biking is made much easier and more comfortable when the bike has large flat pedals. Bike pedals can cost much more than some people live off of daily in certain developing nations. The pedal is intended as a usable substitute for a factory bike pedal, though not totally equivalent. OEM components may not be available in certain countries so this pedal may be useful in countries that have access to 3D printing technology, yet do not want to spend the money/ do not have the time to wait months to get an essential part to an essential part of their daily life.		My goal was to create a printable item that would be useful in many regions and I realized that in many countries people rely on bikes. Biking is made much easier and more comfortable when the bike has large flat pedals. Bike pedals can cost much more than some people live off of daily in certain developing nations. The pedal is intended as a usable substitute for a factory bike pedal, though not totally equivalent. OEM components may not be available in certain countries so this pedal may be useful in countries that have access to 3D printing technology, yet do not want to spend the money/ do not have the time to wait months to get an essential part to an essential part of their daily life.

User talk:Sophivorus

Sophivorus — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 22:15:45 GMT

Testing: Remove test

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:15, 2 October 2026
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	:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)		:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)

	~~== Testing ==~~

	~~Hello world! [[User:Tester2\|Tester2]] ([[User talk:Tester2\|talk]]) 22:14, 2 October 2026 (UTC)~~

User talk:Sophivorus

Tester2 — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 22:14:02 GMT

Testing: new section

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:14, 2 October 2026
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	:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)		:Hi! I removed the logo because it had been deleted and so it was showing broken. However, I just restored it. Kind regards, [[User:Sophivorus\|Sophivorus]] ([[User talk:Sophivorus\|talk]]) 14:18, 9 September 2026 (UTC)

			== Testing ==

			Hello world! [[User:Tester2\|Tester2]] ([[User talk:Tester2\|talk]]) 22:14, 2 October 2026 (UTC)

User:Sophivorus

Sophivorus — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 19:48:58 GMT

Time tracking

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	\|-		\|-
	\|Migration		\| Migration
	\|6		\| 8
	\|-		\|-
	\| Maintenance		\| Maintenance

News by location

Philralph — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 19:31:23 GMT

news

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 2 October 2026
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	''This page is one of a few central locations for entering items using [[Template:News]]. As of Jan 2026, based on the spread of news across CASwiki the pages are [[News]] - [[News by location]] - [[News UK]] - [[News by UK location]] - [[News US]]'' / ...News by location archive: [[News by location/2025\|2025]] - [[News by location/2024\|2024]] - [[News by location/2023\|2023]] - [[News by location/2022\|2022]] - [[News by location 2021\|2021]] - [[News by location 2020\|2020]] - [[News by location 2019\|2019]] - [[News by location/2018\|2018]] - [[News by location/2017\|2017]] - [[News by location/2016\|2016]]		''This page is one of a few central locations for entering items using [[Template:News]]. As of Jan 2026, based on the spread of news across CASwiki the pages are [[News]] - [[News by location]] - [[News UK]] - [[News by UK location]] - [[News US]]'' / ...News by location archive: [[News by location/2025\|2025]] - [[News by location/2024\|2024]] - [[News by location/2023\|2023]] - [[News by location/2022\|2022]] - [[News by location 2021\|2021]] - [[News by location 2020\|2020]] - [[News by location 2019\|2019]] - [[News by location/2018\|2018]] - [[News by location/2017\|2017]] - [[News by location/2016\|2016]]

			* {{News\|link=https://demnext.substack.com/p/europes-future-needs-citizen-power\|source=demnext.substack.com\|title=Citizens need to power Europe's future\|text=The EU can enable new democratic institutions: in European countries; with a European Citizens’ Assembly as a 4th branch of government, and by legally enforcing the Global Citizens’ Assembly on AI, Claudia Chwalisz and Another Democratic Future\|date=02-10-2026\|keywords=Citizens assembly\|location=Europe; Earth}}
			* {{News\|link=https://e360.yale.edu/features/ethiopia-green-legacy-initiative\|source=e360.yale.edu\|title=Fifty Billion Seedlings: Can Ethiopia Replant Its Ravaged Forests?\|date=01-10-2026\|keywords=Trees\|location=Ethiopia; Earth}}
			* {{News\|link=https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2026-09-30/want-solar-but-dont-own-roof-california-just-legalized-plug-in-panels-no-permission-required\|source=latimes.com\|title=Want solar but don’t own a roof? California just legalized plug-in panels, no permission required\|date=30-09-2026\|keywords=Community energy\|location=California; Earth}}
	* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/sep/28/california-kelvin-wave\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Concern mounts over slow-moving, planetary-scale ‘Kelvin’ wave heading for California\|text=The ocean phenomenon could raise sea levels by up to a foot as El Niño keeps warm water trapped along the coast\|date=28-09-2026\|keywords=Coasts\|location=California; Earth}}		* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/sep/28/california-kelvin-wave\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Concern mounts over slow-moving, planetary-scale ‘Kelvin’ wave heading for California\|text=The ocean phenomenon could raise sea levels by up to a foot as El Niño keeps warm water trapped along the coast\|date=28-09-2026\|keywords=Coasts\|location=California; Earth}}
	* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/sep/23/germany-commits-for-first-time-to-phasing-out-fossil-fuels-by-2045\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Germany pledges to phase out fossil fuels for first time with target of 2045\|text=Germany is the third major developed economy to publish such a roadmap, after France and the Netherlands, after a major international conference in Colombia in April at which all participants promised to set out plans for a full phaseout of fossil fuels\|date=23-09-2026\|keywords=Climate emergency\|location=Germany; Earth}}		* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/sep/23/germany-commits-for-first-time-to-phasing-out-fossil-fuels-by-2045\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Germany pledges to phase out fossil fuels for first time with target of 2045\|text=Germany is the third major developed economy to publish such a roadmap, after France and the Netherlands, after a major international conference in Colombia in April at which all participants promised to set out plans for a full phaseout of fossil fuels\|date=23-09-2026\|keywords=Climate emergency\|location=Germany; Earth}}

User:Sophivorus

Sophivorus — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 18:59:23 GMT

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	! Task		! Task
	! Hours		! Hours
			\|-
			\|Migration
			\|6
	\|-		\|-
	\| Maintenance		\| Maintenance

Making a can lantern/el

Translations bot — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 16:33:26 GMT

Αυτόματη μετάφραση

Show changes

Using Ocean Insight FLAME Spectrometer/fr

Translations bot — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 16:16:07 GMT

Traduction automatique

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 2 October 2026
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	{{Automatic translation notice}}		{{Automatic translation notice}}

	{		{

Ecoladrillo/es

Translations bot — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 15:33:18 GMT

Traducción automática

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 2 October 2026
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	{		{

Welcome to Appropedia/es

Translations bot — Fri, 02 Oct 2026 15:33:00 GMT

Traducción automática

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:33, 2 October 2026
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	{{Automatic translation notice}}		{{Automatic translation notice}}

	{		{

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:31, 2 October 2026
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	''This page is one of a few central locations for entering items using [[Template:News]]. As of Jan 2026, based on the spread of news across CASwiki the pages are [[News]] - [[News by location]] - [[News UK]] - [[News by UK location]] - [[News US]]'' / ...News by location archive: [[News by location/2025\|2025]] - [[News by location/2024\|2024]] - [[News by location/2023\|2023]] - [[News by location/2022\|2022]] - [[News by location 2021\|2021]] - [[News by location 2020\|2020]] - [[News by location 2019\|2019]] - [[News by location/2018\|2018]] - [[News by location/2017\|2017]] - [[News by location/2016\|2016]]		''This page is one of a few central locations for entering items using [[Template:News]]. As of Jan 2026, based on the spread of news across CASwiki the pages are [[News]] - [[News by location]] - [[News UK]] - [[News by UK location]] - [[News US]]'' / ...News by location archive: [[News by location/2025\|2025]] - [[News by location/2024\|2024]] - [[News by location/2023\|2023]] - [[News by location/2022\|2022]] - [[News by location 2021\|2021]] - [[News by location 2020\|2020]] - [[News by location 2019\|2019]] - [[News by location/2018\|2018]] - [[News by location/2017\|2017]] - [[News by location/2016\|2016]]

			* {{News\|link=https://demnext.substack.com/p/europes-future-needs-citizen-power\|source=demnext.substack.com\|title=Citizens need to power Europe's future\|text=The EU can enable new democratic institutions: in European countries; with a European Citizens’ Assembly as a 4th branch of government, and by legally enforcing the Global Citizens’ Assembly on AI, Claudia Chwalisz and Another Democratic Future\|date=02-10-2026\|keywords=Citizens assembly\|location=Europe; Earth}}
			* {{News\|link=https://e360.yale.edu/features/ethiopia-green-legacy-initiative\|source=e360.yale.edu\|title=Fifty Billion Seedlings: Can Ethiopia Replant Its Ravaged Forests?\|date=01-10-2026\|keywords=Trees\|location=Ethiopia; Earth}}
			* {{News\|link=https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2026-09-30/want-solar-but-dont-own-roof-california-just-legalized-plug-in-panels-no-permission-required\|source=latimes.com\|title=Want solar but don’t own a roof? California just legalized plug-in panels, no permission required\|date=30-09-2026\|keywords=Community energy\|location=California; Earth}}
	* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/sep/28/california-kelvin-wave\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Concern mounts over slow-moving, planetary-scale ‘Kelvin’ wave heading for California\|text=The ocean phenomenon could raise sea levels by up to a foot as El Niño keeps warm water trapped along the coast\|date=28-09-2026\|keywords=Coasts\|location=California; Earth}}		* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/sep/28/california-kelvin-wave\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Concern mounts over slow-moving, planetary-scale ‘Kelvin’ wave heading for California\|text=The ocean phenomenon could raise sea levels by up to a foot as El Niño keeps warm water trapped along the coast\|date=28-09-2026\|keywords=Coasts\|location=California; Earth}}
	* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/sep/23/germany-commits-for-first-time-to-phasing-out-fossil-fuels-by-2045\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Germany pledges to phase out fossil fuels for first time with target of 2045\|text=Germany is the third major developed economy to publish such a roadmap, after France and the Netherlands, after a major international conference in Colombia in April at which all participants promised to set out plans for a full phaseout of fossil fuels\|date=23-09-2026\|keywords=Climate emergency\|location=Germany; Earth}}		* {{News\|link=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2026/sep/23/germany-commits-for-first-time-to-phasing-out-fossil-fuels-by-2045\|source=theguardian.com\|title=Germany pledges to phase out fossil fuels for first time with target of 2045\|text=Germany is the third major developed economy to publish such a roadmap, after France and the Netherlands, after a major international conference in Colombia in April at which all participants promised to set out plans for a full phaseout of fossil fuels\|date=23-09-2026\|keywords=Climate emergency\|location=Germany; Earth}}