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{{305inprogress|May 15, 2014}}
[[File:The bog.jpg|thumb]]
[[File:The bog.jpg|thumb|500px|right|The bog ]]
{{Tocright}}
==Abstract==
<center>''The project is an initiative by New York artist and sculptor Mary Mattingly, who designs sustainable installations and alternative living models. The WetLand bog can provide sustenance, promote increased water quality, provide habitat and will serve as a working educational platform. WetLand bog is designed to inspire environmentally friendly means to meet the challenges of coming generations. WetLand bogs seek to serve as a model for potential sustainable resource expansion and development. ''</center>


==Background==
{{Project data
| authors = User:Tbyrd, User:KBM
| status = Deployed
| completed = 2014
| made = yes
| cost = USD 165.63
| location = Philadelphia, United States
}}


WetLand is a floating island that illustrates a partially-submerged house surrounded by a human-made bog. The interior of the house is functional and contains a live, work, and enclosed performance space with: a dry compost toilet, kitchen with sink and shower that utilize purified rainwater. A 40x20x3’ flat deck barge and two access gangways composes the primary infrastructure. A greenhouse in a structure adjacent to the submerged house contains vegetables grown hydroponically, a natural grey water filtration system, and soil-based produce. WetLand’s railings around the perimeter are also made into planters, and floating planters around the perimeter include bulrush, cattail, and vining plants that all naturally clean the water.
The WetLand bog can provide sustenance, promote increased water quality, provide habitat and will serve as a working educational platform. WetLand bog is designed to inspire environmentally friendly means to meet the challenges of coming generations. WetLand bogs seeks to serve as a model for potential sustainable resource expansion and development.


'''What:'''  As environmental instability continues to transform our cities, what happens when the land we use is only temporary? WetLand is a mobile, sculptural habitat and public space atop a barge made to explore solutions for sea-level rise, housing, resource interdependence, and a decrease in useable land.
The project is an initiative by New York artist and sculptor [http://www.marymattingly.com/ Mary Mattingly], who designs sustainable installations and alternative living models.
Events will be programmed with FringeArts. Residents will live on board and host events, from workshops to skill shares. High school and college students in Philadelphia will help steward the space, collect data about energy use and production, and test and maintain onboard water systems.
'''Where:'''  WetLand will be constructed at Pier 9, across from FringeArts in Old Town, Philadelphia. It will be tugged to Penn’s Landing adjacent to the Seaport Museum and open to the public on August 15, 2014.
'''When:'''  WetLand will launch August 15th on the Delaware River at Penn’s Landing through September 31, 2014.
'''Why:'''  WetLand is a narrative approach to inhabiting a future Philadelphia with accelerated environmental challenges that are interconnected and everywhere, including lack of clean water, usable land. This is at once a visually engaging structure but also a working living system narrated by its users, who look to a time when people are again dependent on the nearness to the water. WetLand is an experiment that uses water in various ways: To float, to desalinate river water for growing plants, to tie up to or launch from, and to bridge urban space with nature. The waterfront is often under-appreciated and underused that has potential to bring together a site and communities.  When activated, the site brings people to the nature that lies on the edge of the city and effectively brings interdependence between both of those spaces to the forefront.
WetLand addresses the importance of decentralizing our basic resources by using appropriate technology to create a regenerative water-based living system that provides food grown from cleaned river water, power from sun and tides, shelter for living and events, collected and purified rainwater for all other needs. We need to work together to build cities that connect, heal, and empower. We need people living in cities that join the city with nature who can care for it and work out an idea of nature that includes human culture and livelihood.
'''How:'''  Building supplies for WetLand are reclaimed from the local waste stream to further narrate a future when reuse is common and parts are made with found materials. This project will be completed through FringeArts, the James L. Knight Foundation, and the partnerships we make together.
'''Who:'''  WetLand is sponsored by The James L. Knight Foundation with FringeArts. For more details including additional partners contact studio@marymattingly.com and sarah@fringearts.com. Coming soon: www.wet-land.org


==Problem statement==
== Background ==
The objective of this project is to design a floating bog to provide inspirational awareness to alternative sustainable environmental design.  The floating bog is to be placed in the Delaware River alongside the WetLand barge which will be moored in a prominent part of downtown Philadelphia.  The floating bog will be used throughout the duration of the WetLand project and serve as an educational platform of alternative water treatment techniques. The crew aboard the WetLand barge may choose to plant the bog with edible plants for added sustenance.  The ability to manually monitor the quality of the bog water will play an essential role in the educational component and promote community engagement.
[[Category:Engr305 Appropriate Technology]][[Category:WetLand]][[Category:Projects]]


==Literature Review==
[http://www.knightfoundation.org/grants/20122297/ WetLand] is a floating island that illustrates a partially-submerged house surrounded by a human-made bog. The interior of the house is functional and contains a live, work, and enclosed performance space with: a dry compost toilet, kitchen with sink and shower that utilize purified rainwater. A 40x20x3' flat deck barge and two access gangways composes the primary infrastructure. A greenhouse in a structure adjacent to the submerged house contains vegetables grown hydroponically, a natural grey water filtration system, and soil-based produce. WetLand's railings around the perimeter are also made into planters, and floating planters around the perimeter include bulrush, cattail, and veining plants that all naturally clean the water.
This is a review of the available literature pertinent to the prototype WetLand bog to be constructed for the WetLand barge in Philadelphia PA.


'''Wetlands'''
'''What:''' As environmental instability continues to transform our cities, what happens when the land we use is only temporary? WetLand is a mobile, sculptural habitat and public space atop a barge made to explore solutions for sea-level rise, housing, resource interdependence, and a decrease in useable land.


Wetlands are described as areas that are saturated with water for extended periods of time and support vegetation specifically adapted thrive in saturated soil. Wetlands are generally transitional areas between open water and dry land. Historically wetlands were regarded as economically useless land. Wetlands support a variety of plants species including bulrushes, mangroves, sedges and cordgrass. Many of the plants that inhabit wetland areas have proven to be sufficient at filtering and removing pollutants from water. Wetlands provide a variety of ecological services including water filtration, habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife and serve as a buffer zones against erosion and rising water.  
Events will be programmed with [https://web.archive.org/web/20130806002125/http://www.fringearts.com:80/visual-arts/wetland.cfm FringeArts]. Residents will live on board and host events, from workshops to skill shares. High school and college students in Philadelphia will help steward the space, collect data about energy use and production, and test and maintain onboard water systems.
<ref>[http://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/regulatory/Wetlands/rw_bro.pdf]</ref>


'''Floating Wetlands'''
'''Where:''' WetLand will be constructed at Pier 9, across from FringeArts in Old Town, Philadelphia. It will be tugged to Penn's Landing adjacent to the Seaport Museum and open to the public on August 15, 2014.


With the transformation of waterfronts in coastal areas to industrial centers the water quality and loss of valuable habitat have come into question.  Many coastal cities have begun to explore the validity of small scale floating wetland projects to restore ecological services to their shorelines and waterways.  Constructed ecosystems in urban areas may prove to improve conditions.  Floating wetlands may prove to provide invaluable ecosystem services to these once natural areas through functions such as pollutant uptake, habitat creation and increased aesthetic appeal. One promising case is in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.  Beginning in 2010 two separate floating wetland installations tripled the coverage of wetlands and by 2012 the coverage area increase to 2,000 square feet. The productivity and ultimate success of floating wetlands is yet to be determined, but the practice has been going on for over two decades in some regions.  Many cultural obstacles stand in the way of floating wetland installations such as regional policy and funding.  But the future of floating wetland systems appear promising.  
'''When:''' WetLand will launch August 15th on the Delaware River at Penn's Landing through September 31, 2014.
<ref>[Building Floating Wetlands to Restore Urban Waterfronts and Community Partnership]</ref>


'''Invasive Plants'''
'''Why:''' WetLand is a narrative approach to inhabiting a future Philadelphia with accelerated environmental challenges that are interconnected and everywhere, including lack of clean water, usable land. This is at once a visually engaging structure but also a working living system narrated by its users, who look to a time when people are again dependent on the nearness to the water. WetLand is an experiment that uses water in various ways: To float, to desalinate river water for growing plants, to tie up to or launch from, and to bridge urban space with nature. The waterfront is often under-appreciated and underused that has potential to bring together a site and communities. When activated, the site brings people to the nature that lies on the edge of the city and effectively brings interdependence between both of those spaces to the forefront.


Invasive plants are characterized as any plant species that is non-native to an area that after introduction have the ability to compete the native flora. <ref>[http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/threat?stateSelect=US42&statelist=states USDA legal status plants]</ref>
WetLand addresses the importance of decentralizing our basic resources by using appropriate technology to create a regenerative water-based living system that provides food grown from cleaned river water, power from sun and tides, shelter for living and events, collected and purified rainwater for all other needs. We need to work together to build cities that connect, heal, and empower. We need people living in cities that join the city with nature who can care for it and work out an idea of nature that includes human culture and livelihood.


'''How:''' Building supplies for WetLand are reclaimed from the local waste stream to further narrate a future when reuse is common and parts are made with found materials. This project will be completed through FringeArts, the James L. Knight Foundation, and the partnerships we make together.


2.Stebb, Chriss. 2013. Building Floating Wetlands to Restore Urban Waterfronts and Community Partnership. National Wetlands Newsletter. March 2013
'''Who:''' WetLand is sponsored by The James L. Knight Foundation with FringeArts. For more details including additional partners contact studio@marymattingly.com and sarah@fringearts.com. Coming soon: www.wet-land.org


City of Philadelphia. Invasive Plant List
== Problem statement ==
[[http://www.phila.gov/ParksandRecreation/environment/forestry/Pages/Invasives.aspx#page=1]]


[[3.http://www.floatingislandinternational.com/]]
The objective of this project is to design a floating bog to provide inspirational awareness to alternative sustainable environmental design. The floating bog is to be placed in the Delaware River alongside the WetLand barge which will be moored in a prominent part of downtown Philadelphia. The floating bog will be used throughout the duration of the WetLand project and serve as an educational platform of alternative water treatment techniques. The crew aboard the WetLand barge may choose to plant the bog with edible plants for added sustenance. The ability to manually monitor the quality of the bog water will play an essential role in the educational component and promote community engagement.


4. Delaware River Basin Commission. 2012 Delaware River and Bay Water Quality Assessment.
[[File:Bog1.jpg||thumb|center|Bog at Fern Lake]]


5. Philadelphia Water Department. 2006. "Tidal Wetland", Andropogon Associates LTD. http://www.phillywatersheds.org/doc/ERU_4_Tidal_Wetland.pdf
== Literature Review ==


6.
This is a review of the available literature pertinent to the prototype WetLand bog to be constructed for the WetLand barge in Philadelphia, PA.


7. Clemson University. Floating Treatment Systems, Report. 2008
'''Wetlands'''
Wetlands are described as areas that are saturated with water for extended periods of time and support vegetation specifically adapted thrive in saturated soil. Wetlands are generally transitional areas between open water and dry land.<ref>U.S Army Core of Engineers[https://web.archive.org/web/20201021104435/https://www.lrb.usace.army.mil/Portals/45/docs/regulatory/Wetlands/rw_bro.pdf]</ref>Historically wetlands were regarded as economically useless land. Wetlands support a variety of plants species including bulrushes, mangroves, sedges and cordgrass. Many of the plants that inhabit wetland areas have proven to be sufficient at filtering and removing pollutants from water.<ref>[Kulser, Jon A; Kentula, Mary E. 1990. Wetland Creation and Restoration. The Status of the Science]</ref> Wetlands provide a variety of ecological services including water filtration, habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife and serve as a buffer zones against erosion and rising water.<ref>[Mitsch, Willam J; Gosselink, James G. 2007. Wetlands 4th Edition.
]</ref>


8.Tyler Kimberly, Ruan Michelle. 2012. “Edible and Medicinal Plants”, SUNY Plattsburgh, NY. http://edibleandmedicinalplants.weebly.com/index.html. (February 6, 2014)
This biome occupies roughly 6 percent of the world's surface and enhances the global cycling of water. These natural lands have been use and abused by society and are one of the most threatened ecosystems. Rapid industrial and social changes that effect the environment are undermining the conservation efforts of wetlands, development efforts such as the WetLand bog can help alleviate this unique natural commodity. Wetlands comprised of very diverse habitats that are vital to multiple dimensions of global resources and ecological substance.<ref>Moore, Peter D.. (2001). ''Wetlands''. New York: Facts on File.</ref>


9. Among the Stately Trees, wordpress. (2013). “The top 75 Wetland Plants”, Lehigh University. http://amongthestatelytrees.wordpress.com/2013/04/16/the-top-75-wetland-plants/. (February 9, 2014)
'''Floating Wetlands'''
With the transformation of waterfronts in coastal areas to industrial centers the water quality and loss of valuable habitat have come into question. Many coastal cities have begun to explore the validity of small scale floating wetland projects to restore ecological services to their shorelines and waterways. Constructed ecosystems in urban areas may prove to improve conditions. Floating wetlands may prove to provide invaluable ecosystem services to these once natural areas through functions such as pollutant uptake, habitat creation and increased aesthetic appeal. One promising case is in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Beginning in 2010 two separate floating wetland installations tripled the coverage of wetlands and by 2012 the coverage area increase to 2,000 square feet. The productivity and ultimate success of floating wetlands is yet to be determined, but the practice has been going on for over two decades in some regions. Many cultural obstacles stand in the way of floating wetland installations such as regional policy and funding. But the future of floating wetland systems appear promising.<ref>[Building Floating Wetlands to Restore Urban Waterfronts and Community Partnership]</ref>


10. Moore, Peter D.. (2001). ''Wetlands''. New York: Facts on File.
'''Invasive Plants'''
Invasive plants are characterized as any plant species that is non-native to an area that after introduction have the ability to out-compete the native flora.<ref>[http://www.plants.usda.gov/java/threat?stateSelect=US42&statelist=states USDA legal status plants]</ref> Many plant species, either native or non-native, have the potential to become invasive. Plants that fall under this heading have the potential to invade or degrade areas. Invasive plants evolved in areas other than the area where they are classified as invasive. Their evolutionary traits allow them once introduced to new areas to surpass the native flora in nutrient uptake, space and in some cases introduce new pests and diseases that can have devastating effects to local flora. Invasive plants have the ability to crowd out native species, and are generally better at some facets of a plant species life cycle then the native species. Invasive's are often hard to control and can become prolific given enough time.<ref>City of Philadelphia. Invasive Plant List
[http://www.phila.gov/ParksandRecreation/environment/forestry/Pages/Invasives.aspx#page=1]</ref> Plants native to one area are not necessarily invasive in another. The distinction between invasive and newly introduced plants lies in a species ability to overtake native flora in an area other then were they evolved.


11. Kulser, Jon A; Kentula, Mary E. 1990. Wetland Creation and Restoration. The Status of the Science.
'''Vegetation'''
Wetland vegetation is the primarily component that will thrive and prolong the nature, mechanics and beauty that a wetland conveys.
Wetland sensitivity such as hydroperiod, hydrodynamics and nutrient availability are depended on which type of wetland the plants will nurture. Several plant species and genera grow only in Salt to brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, freshwater swamps and peatland ecosystems.<ref>Among the Stately Trees, wordpress. (2013). "The top 75 Wetland Plants", Lehigh University.</ref> Identifying the importance of each species habitat is indicative for the type of wetland one chooses to construct.
Amongst the importance of wetland vegetation, some plants can have medicinal, and edible benefits. Some are both medicinal and edible, such as the Groundnut (''Apios americana medik''), which has three times the protein of potatoes. The medicinal value found in plants can be traced from Native American tribes that use plants for their medicinal significance. Tea made from the roots and leaves of medicinal plants is a favorable approach; medicinal plants can range from curing stomachaches, headaches, colds, to swellings.<ref>Tyler Kimberly, Ruan Michelle. 2012. "Edible and Medicinal Plants", SUNY Plattsburgh, NY. http://edibleandmedicinalplants.weebly.com/index.html.</ref>
In addition, a wetland is primarily consists of plants with water filtrating qualities. These plants natural ability to purify water can help with water quality assessments of turbidity, pH levels, alkalinity, toxic pollutants or substances (human health criteria for systemic toxicants) and biological monitoring..<ref>http://www.state.nj.us/drbc/library/documents/WQAssessmentReport2012.pdf</ref>


12. Keddy, Paul A. 2010. Wetland Ecology. Principles and Conservation. 2nd edition.
== Project Evaluation Criteria ==


13. Mitsch, Willam J; Gosselink, James G. 2007. Wetlands 4th Edition.
The following Criteria will be used to assess the success of this project. These criteria were chosen based on input from the artist and the team of students responsible for the design and construction of the prototype. The scale (1-10) represents the importance level of meeting the constraint of each listed criteria. 10 has the largest magnitude and decrease numerically in descending order.


==Project Evaluation Criteria==
<center>
The following Criteria will be used to assess the success of this project. These criteria were chosen based on input from the artist and the team of students responsible for the design and construction of the prototype. The scale (1-10) represents the importance level of meeting the constraint of each listed criteria.  10 has the largest magnitude and decrease numerically in descending order.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Criteria
! Criteria
! Constraints
! Constraints
! Weight <br>(1-10)
! Weight<br>(1-10)
|-
|-
| Budget
| Budget
| Must be between $600-$1,000.  
| Must be between $600-$1,000.
| <center>10</center>
| 10
|-
|-
| Aesthetics
| Aesthetics
| Compliment the installation and increase appeal.
| Compliment the installation and increase appeal.
| <center>9</center>
| 9
|-
|-
| Vegetation  
| Vegetation
| Plants must be adequate for the Delaware River regional climate, water quality, and be able to endure as it moves to New York.  
| Plants must be adequate for the Delaware River regional climate, water quality, and be able to endure as it moves to New York.
|<center>10</center>
| 10
|-
|-
| Education  
| Education
| Educational aspect compliments the overall theme of the project.  
| Educational aspect compliments the overall theme of the project.
|<center>7</center>
| 7
|-
|-
| Reproducibility  
| Reproducibility
| Can be easily recreated with readily available materials.
| Can be easily recreated with readily available materials.
|<center>8</center>
| 8
|-
|-
| Functionality  
| Functionality
| Utilize the appropriate and most efficient water purifying and oxygen adding plants.
| Utilize the appropriate and most efficient water purifying and oxygen adding plants.
| <center>9</center>
| 9
|-
|-
| Materials
| Materials
| Recyclable materials preferred obtained from the Philadelphia area.  
| Recyclable materials preferred obtained from the Philadelphia area.
| <center>9</center>
| 9
|-
| Maintenance
| Be easily maintained with little to no expertise.
|<center>7</center>
|-
|-
| Maintenance
| Be easily maintained with little to no expertise.
| 7
|}
|}


==Budget==
</center>
The project will require a variety of new and re-purposed materials. Many of the new materials were purchased from local business and used materials were gathered from a variety of locations throughout Arcata, CA. Donated items include PVC, lifeguard bouy, nylon rope and 2"x4" wood. Donators are listed as 'source' in table.
 
{| class="wikitable sortable"
== Budget ==
! Quantity !! Material !! Source !! Cost ($) !! Project Cost ($) !! Total ($)
 
The project will require a variety of new and re-purposed materials. Many of the new materials were purchased from local businesses and used materials were gathered from a variety of locations throughout Arcata, CA. Donated items include PVC, lifeguard buoy, nylon rope, and 2"x4" wood. Donors are listed as 'source' in the table.
 
<center>
 
{| class="wikitable"
! Quantity
! Material
! Source
! Cost ($)
! Project Cost ($)
! Total ($)
|-
| 1
| 55 gallon drum
| Water Planet Garden Supply
| align="right" |32.38
| align="right" |32.48
| align="right" |32.48
|-
| 5
| Pipe sch. 40 1"x 10' end cap
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |0.80
| align="right" |4.00
| align="right" |4.00
|-
|-
| 1 || 50 gallon drum || Water Planet Garden Supply
| 3
|align="right"| 32.38
| 1-1/14' x 10' PVC Pipe DWV
|align="right"| 32.48
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 32.48
| align="right" |0.89
|-  
| align="right" |2.67
| 2 || check valve || Ace Hardware
| align="right" |2.67
|align="right"| 9.99
|align="right"| 19.98
|align="right"| 19.98
|-
|-
| 2 || 3/4" PVC nipple || Ace Hardware
| 1
|align="right"| 0.99
| O-ring #35732
|align="right"| 1.98
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 1.98
| align="right" |0.35
| align="right" |0.35
| align="right" |0.35
|-
|-
| 2 || 1.5" sch 40 Slip Cap || Ace Hardware
| 3
|align="right"| 1.50
| O-ring #35740
|align="right"| 3.89
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 3.89
| align="right" |0.45
| align="right" |1.35
| align="right" |1.35
|-
|-
| 1 || small screws (20) || Ace Hardware
| 1
|align="right"| 1.99
| O-ring #35764
|align="right"| 1.99
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 1.99
| align="right" |0.35
| align="right" |0.35
| align="right" |0.35
|-
|-
| 20 || washers || Do it Best
| 1
|align="right"| 0.17
| Utility Hose 1/2" x 10'
|align="right"| 3.40
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 3.40
| align="right" |7.99
| align="right" |7.99
| align="right" |7.99
|-
|-
| 4 || 90* 1x1/2 PVC || Do it Best
| 1
|align="right"| 0.61
| Cement PVC 80Z
|align="right"| 2.45
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 2.45
| align="right" |5.99
| align="right" |5.99
| align="right" |5.99
|-
|-
| 2 || small screws || Do it Best
| 5
|align="right"| 1.19
| 3/4" PVC adapters
|align="right"| 2.38
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 2.38
| align="right" |0.59
| align="right" |2.95
| align="right" |2.95
|-
|-
| 1 || 12' nylon rope || Donated
| 1
|align="right"| 5.00
| 1-1/4" couple SxS Sch. 40
|align="right"| 0.00
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 0.00
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
|-
|-
| 1 || Lifeguard Bouy || Donated
| 1
|align="right"| 15.00
| 3/4" T-fitting PVC sch. 80
|align="right"| 0.00
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 0.00
| align="right" |3.99
| align="right" |3.99
| align="right" |3.99
|-
|-
| 1 || 2"x4"x28" wood || Donated
| 1
|align="right"| 3.68
| Teflon Tape
|align="right"| 0.00
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 0.00
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
|-
|-
| 2 || 1" Bulkhead fitting || Bayside Garden Supply
| 1
|align="right"| 9.95
| Insert male Adapter 3/4"
|align="right"| 19.90
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 19.90
| align="right" |2.99
| align="right" |2.99
| align="right" |2.99
|-
|-
| 1 || 1" Barbed insert to 1"  || Bayside Garden Supply
| 1
|align="right"| 0.55
| Slip Cap 1"
|align="right"| 1.10
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 1.10
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
|-
|-
| 1 || Barbed Insert Elbow || Bayside Garden Supply
| 1
|align="right"| 0.55
| Plug Slip 3/4
|align="right"| 1.10
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 1.10
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |1.99
|-
|-
| 1 || 1" Black Tubing - 1" || Bayside Garden Supply
| 1
|align="right"| 1.45
| T-fitting 1"
|align="right"| 1.45
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 1.45
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |1.99
|-
|-
| 2 || 3/4" to 1" male adapter || Do it Best
| 1
|align="right"| 1.99
| Slip Cap 1"
|align="right"| 3.98
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 3.98
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
|-
|-
| 3 || 90* 3/4" elbow || Do it Best
| 1
|align="right"| 0.59
| reducer bush 1-1/4"
|align="right"| 1.77
| Ace Hardware
|align="right"| 1.77
| align="right" |1.99
|
| align="right" |1.99
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="right" |1.99
|colspan="5" align="right" | '''Total Cost'''  
|-
|align="right"| '''$97.81'''  
| 1
| Slip Cap 1-1/4"
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
|-
| 1
| Nipple Sch. 80 PVC 3/4" close
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |0.99
|-
| 2
| check valve
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |9.99
| align="right" |19.98
| align="right" |19.98
|-
| 2
| 3/4" PVC nipple
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |0.99
| align="right" |1.98
| align="right" |1.98
|-
| 2
| 1.5" sch 40 Slip Cap
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |1.50
| align="right" |3.89
| align="right" |3.89
|-
| 1
| small screws (20)
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |1.99
|-
| 3
| O-ring
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |0.35
| align="right" |1.05
| align="right" |1.05
|-
| 1
| 90* Elbow 3/4" Sch. 40
| Ace Hardware
| align="right" |0.79
| align="right" |0.79
| align="right" |0.79
|-
| 20
| washers
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.17
| align="right" |3.40
| align="right" |3.40
|-
| 4
| 90* 1x1/2 PVC
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.61
| align="right" |2.45
| align="right" |2.45
|-
| 2
| small screws
| Do it Best
| align="right" |1.19
| align="right" |2.38
| align="right" |2.38
|-
| 1
| 12' nylon rope
| Donated
| align="right" |5.00
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |0.00
|-
| 4
| 6' x 1-1/4" PVC Pipe Sch. 40
| Donated
| align="right" |30.00
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |0.00
|-
| 5
| 18' x 3/4" PVC Pipe Sch. 40
| Donated
| align="right" |30.00
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |0.00
|-
| 1
| Lifeguard Bouy
| Donated
| align="right" |15.00
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |0.00
|-
| 1
| 2"x4"x28" wood
| Donated
| align="right" |3.68
| align="right" |0.00
| align="right" |0.00
|-
| 2
| 1" Bulkhead fitting
| Bayside Garden Supply
| align="right" |9.95
| align="right" |19.90
| align="right" |19.90
|-
| 1
| 1" Barbed insert to 1"
| Bayside Garden Supply
| align="right" |0.55
| align="right" |1.10
| align="right" |1.10
|-
| 1
| Barbed Insert Elbow
| Bayside Garden Supply
| align="right" |0.55
| align="right" |1.10
| align="right" |1.10
|-
| 1
| 1" Black Tubing - 1"
| Bayside Garden Supply
| align="right" |1.45
| align="right" |1.45
| align="right" |1.45
|-
| 2
| 3/4" to 1" male adapter
| Do it Best
| align="right" |1.99
| align="right" |3.98
| align="right" |3.98
|-
| 5
| 90* 3/4" elbow
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.59
| align="right" |2.95
| align="right" |2.95
|-
| 1
| Nipple PVC 3/4"
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.69
| align="right" |0.65
| align="right" |0.65
|-
| 1
| Adapter Male 3/4"
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.59
| align="right" |0.55
| align="right" |0.59
|-
| 1
| 3/4" Threaded Coupling
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.69
| align="right" |0.65
| align="right" |0.69
|-
| 1
| 3/4" T-fitting
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.69
| align="right" |0.69
| align="right" |0.69
|-
| 1
| 3/4" Cap
| Do it Best
| align="right" |0.49
| align="right" |0.49
| align="right" |0.49
|-
| 1
| 3/4" Female Hose x Female Thread Adapter
| Do it Best
| align="right" |4.49
| align="right" |4.45
| align="right" |4.49
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="5" align="right" |'''Sub-Total Cost'''
| align="right" |'''$158.01'''
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan="5" align="right" |'''Total Cost with California 8.25% sales tax'''
| align="right" |'''$165.63'''
|}
|}


==Timeline==
</center>
 
== Timeline ==
 
Tentative timeline of tasks to date.
Tentative timeline of tasks to date.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Timeline
|+ Timeline
! style="background:yellow;" |Date
! style="background:yellow;" |Task
|-
|-
!style="background:Yellow;"|Date!!style="background:Yellow;"|Task
|-
|-
|March 2, 2014||create timeline and finish budget
| March 2, 2014
| Create timeline and finish budget.
|-
|-
|March 06-11, 2014||gather materials: plastic bottles, coconut fiber, boat,  and some plants. Contact potential donors
| March 06-11, 2014
| Research and development of new ways to design Mary Mattingly's new bog idea.
|-
|-
|March 12, 2014||assemble materials: prototype 1 final sketch up, gather rest of materials as necessary
| March 12, 2014
| Assembling materials and designs.
|-
|-
|March 15, 2014||begin initial testing and monitor of prototype 1 begins
| March 20, 2014
| Contacting potential donors for needed materials and components. Begin contacted with HSU fisheries and Redwood Lab for PVC pipe donations.
|-
|-
|March 20-30, 2014||monitor of first prototype in either Fern Lake, or Arcata march
| March 29, 2014
| Begin construction of bog: gathered donated materials and built water pump.
|-
|-
|April 4, 2014||monitor continues, move on to second prototype planning if failure of first prototype
| March 30, 2014
| Built WetLand bog PVC frame.
|-
|-
|April 9, 2014||build second prototype; finalize schematics with client
| April 2, 2014
| Begin testing PVC frame for buoyancy. Testing location was at Mad River in Arcata, California.
|-
|-
|April 12, 2014||begin writing instruction manual
| April 4, 2014
| Begin contacting Fern Lake, and the Arcata Marsh for potential test sites for the bog.
|-
|-
|April 19, 2014||continue monitoring, and have East coast resources for the “WetLand project” where they could gather materials
| April 13, 2014
| Built 55 gallon drum frame. First Inlet and Outlet system built. Testing for buoyancy was done at the Mad River for almost an hour to check for steadiness as it was holding approximately 200lbs.
|-
|-
|April 23, 2014||make video
| April 16, 2014
| Further research and development for Appropedia.
|-
|-
|April 28, 2014||final monitoring
| April 18, 2014
| HSU Plant Operation donations of Wood pellets, netting and plastic bottles gathered. Designing continued for scaling bog to 16'x3'.
|-
|-
|April 31, 2014||clean up and dis-assemble prototypes
| April 20, 2014
| Finalize Inlet and Outlet System, build the wood frame attach to our 55 gallon drum.
|-
|-
|May 1, 2014||Final project reports
| April 28, 2014
| Contacted Sabine Mader from HSU fisheries department for final permission to place the bog in Fern Lake, Arcata, California.
|-
|-
|May 11, 2014||final timeline
| April 29, 2014
| Daily monitoring and testing thru May 11, 2014 was done in Fern Lake.
|-
|-
|May 12, 2014||project presentation
| May 2, 2014
| Fill 55 gallon drum about 1/2 way with water to test for buoyancy, and water resistance in Fern lake.
|-
|-
|2007||20.8
| May 4, 2014
| Placed rocks inside the bog along with plants, and final component was built.
|-
|-
|2008||21.8
| May 5-9, 2014
| Daily plant monitoring continue and water quality testing begin.
|-
|-
|2009||25.0
| May 9, 2014
| Final Appropredia write up.
|-
|-
|2010||30
| May 10, 2014
| Continue-Water quality testing.
|-
|-
|2011||37
| May 11, 2014
| Final water quality testing. Disassembling the bog.
|-
|-
|2012||38
| May 12, 2014
| Class presentation.
|-
| May 15, 2014
| Conclusion of project and final presentation for Mary Mattingly.
|}
|}
{{-}}


==Design==
{{Clear}}
During design process the WetLand Bogs team strived to incorporate the ideas of our client, Mary Mattingly, into the parameters of Lonny Graphman's Engineering 305 course at Humboldt State.  Over the course of four months our team designed and tested a number of different approaches for this unique task.  Our team faced many challenges including limited funding, test site availability and time. One of the unique challenges for this project was that the preliminarly design, constrction, and testing took place in Arcata, CA, nearly 3,000 miles from the projects final destination.
 
== Tools ==
 
This is a comprehensive list of all the tools we used to construct the bog. Other tools may be substituted.
<nowiki>*Tools used not considered part of the budget as they are owned by a team member.</nowiki>
 
* Hack saw
* Circular saw
* Reciprocating Saw
* Tape measure
* Hammer
* Extension Cord(s)
* Metal snips
* Clamps
* Wood Chisel
* Screw Gun
* Marker
* Chalk line
* 1/4" drill bit
* 3/16" drill bit
* Pipe Wrench
* Square
* Vice
* Rubber mallet
* 1"x (3/4") hole cutter
* Shovel


==Water Pump==
== Design ==
===Materials===


*1 1x1/2"x30" PVC
During the design process the WetLand bogs team strived to incorporate the ideas of our client, Mary Mattingly, into the parameters of Lonny Grafman's Engineering 305 (Appropriate Technology) course at Cal Poly Humboldt. Over the course of four months our team designed and tested a number of different approaches for this unique task. Our team faced many challenges including limited funding, test site availability and time. One of the unique challenges for this project was that the preliminary design, construction, and testing took place in Arcata, CA, nearly 3,000 miles from the projects final destination.
*1 1x1/2" PVC cap
*1 1"x36" PVC
*1 1" t-joint
*1 can PVC glue
*2 1"x4" PVC
*2 1" PVC cap
*2 1x1/2 rubber o-rings
*2 3/4" check valves
*1 1x1/2"male coupling
*2 3/4" PVC nipple
*1 3/4" t-joint
*2 3/4" male threaded couplings


===Instructions===
[[File:Bogdesign.jpg||thumb|center|WetLand bog Design]]


==PVC Frame==
== Water Pump ==


The water pump assembled for the WetLand bog can fill 1/4 of the 55 gallon drum with water at an estimate of 200 pumps and can drain out that amount of water with 300 pumps. These system can check for water quality and monitoring during low and high tides as needed. Water pump is easily attachable with a hose ending into the Inlet and Outlet System.


===Materials===
[[File:Waterpump.jpg||thumb|center|Water Pump]]
*14’x1(1/2)” PVC pipe
*4 (1(1/2)”)x 90 degree fittings
*PVC glue 
*2 small Buoys
*12' rope


===Instructions===
=== Materials ===


==Drum Frame==
* 1 1x1/2"x30" PVC
[[Image:Drum_and_PVC_frame.jpeg|thumb|400px|right|Cleaning up the materials]]
* 1 1x1/2" PVC cap
The Drum Fame is a relatively quick build.  The 55 gallon drum and boards could be substituted for a larger or smaller sizes depending upon available resources.
* 1 1"x36" PVC
* 1 1" t-joint
* 1 can PVC glue
* 2 1"x4" PVC
* 2 1" PVC cap
* 2 1x1/2 rubber o-rings
* 2 3/4" check valves
* 1 1x1/2"male coupling
* 2 3/4" PVC nipple
* 1 3/4" t-joint
* 2 3/4" male threaded couplings


===Materials===
=== Instructional video ===
*1 55 gallon drum
*20 wood screws
*1 45" x 2" x 4" board
*2 36" x 1/2" x 4" board


===Instructions===
More information on this water pump and its potential can be found in the video below and in our WetLand bog video at the bottom of this Appropredia page:


[[Image:Drum_frame.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Sectioned 55 gallon drum attached to yoke.]]
{{Video
{{How to
| video = vaho7JSVS1I
|pics=no
| keywords = pump, water
||||1.) Rinse off the inside and outside of 55 gallon drum.
| align = center
||||2.) Mark the top and bottom at the diameter. 
| title = How To Make A PVC Pump!
||||3.) Stretch a chalk line from the top to the bottom and snap a line. Repeat until all four sides of drum are marked.
| authors = The King of Random
||||4.) Cut the drum longitudinally.
||||5.) Cut (1) board 2" x 4" at 45" 
||||6.) Place drum sections parallel on even surface.  Line up drum ends.
||||7.) Place 45"x 2"x 4" board in between sections.
||||8.) Flush the drum sections to the 2"x4" and clamp in place.
||||9.) Using 1(1/2") wood screws fasten both sections to the 2" x 4" board.
||||10.) Mark the underside of the 2" x 4" on both ends to make a saddle notch.
||||11.) Cut out saddle notch.
||||12.) Insert Drum Frame into PVC frame. Making sure to align saddle notches of both the PVC and Drum frame.
|footer=
}}
}}


==Inlet/Outlet system==
== PVC Frame ==


===Materials===
The bog frame will not take much time to construct, however, precision cutting of the PVC pipelines to desired length as well as the cementing of the frame should be done patiently. Four buoy pieces were screw onto the outside of the frame for added buoyancy (buoy use in WetLand bog is graded for commercial use at 200lbs.)


*8 (3/4”) x 90 degree fittings
<center>
*1 (3/4”) hose fitting
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="300px">
*1 (3/4”) nipple threaded
File:Framepvc.jpg|Complete PVC frame at the Mad River
*1 (3/4") female coupling threaded
File:Frame.jpg|PVC frame
*2 (3/4") male threaded adapter
</gallery></center>
*2 (3/4") bulk head fitting
*2 (3/4") to 1" male threaded adapter
*2 1" Barbed insert to 1"
*1 Barbed Insert Elbow
*1' Black Tubing - 1"
*1 (3/4") PVC t-joint
*PVC glue
*~70" (3/4”) PVC pipe


===Instructions===
=== Materials ===
[[Image:Inlet.JPG|thumb|400px|right|Hose connection]]
 
{{How to
* 14'x1-1/2" PVC pipe
|pics=no
* 4x 1-1/2" x 90 degree fittings
||||1.) Obtain all materials.
* PVC cement
||||2.) Mark each section of the drum at 4" from the end.  
* small screws
||||3.) Drill out and insert bulk head fittings at the 4" mark.
* 2 small Buoys
||||4.) Attach 1" barbed insert to 1" to each bulk head.
* 12' rope
||||5.) Cut the 1" black tubing in half and attach to barbed inserts.
* Fender washers
||||6.) Attach barbed insert elbow to black tubing ends.
 
||||7.) Assemble the hose connection by inserting a 3/4" hose fitting to 3/4" nipple.
=== Instructions ===
||||8.) Screw nipple into 3/4" female threaded coupling.  
 
||||9.) Screw female threaded coupling into 3/4" male threaded adapter.
# Cut 2x1-1/2" PVC pipe into 2 x 4' pieces.
||||10.) Attach 6-8" of 3/4" PVC to 3/4" male threaded adapter.
# Then get two more 1-1/2" PVC pipe and cut 2 x 3' pieces.
||||11.) Attach (3/4") t-joint to PVC.
# Connect the frame with 4 x 90 degree fittings, make sure all four sides are even.
||||12.) Insert 6" of 3/4" PVC into either side of t-joint.
# Cement the inside of the 90 degree fittings and outside ends of the PVC pieces, (make sure frame sits straight on flat surface so it wont bend with cementing fittings).
||||13.) Attach 90 degree elbow fitting to both ends of PVC.
# Let the cement dry
||||14.) Insert 7" of PVC into each elbow.
# Cut a buoy into 4 equal pieces (buoy has to be long enough to extend to the sides of the PVC frame).
||||15.) Attach 90 degree elbow to both ends of PVC.
# Screw the 4 equal pieces of buoy onto the PVC frame with small screws and washers, 4 screws and 4 washers per side.
||||16.) Cut 2 pieces of 3/4" PVC tubing at 40".
# Then tie up a 12' rope around the PVC frame along with a buoy to dock the bog.
||||17.) Drill 3/16" holes every 4-6" on one side of both 40" PVC sections.
 
||||18.) Attach PVC tubing to 90 degree fittings, with holes facing down.
== Drum frame ==
||||19.) Attach 90 degree fitting to PVC tubing.
 
||||20.) Insert 4" PVC tubing into each 90 degree fitting.
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="200px">
||||21.) Attach 90 degree fitting to each PVC section.
File:Drum_and_PVC_frame.jpeg|thumb|Cleaning up the materials
||||22.) Insert 1" PVC tubing to 90 degree fitting.
File:Drumframe.jpg|thumb|Drum frame
||||23.) Attach 3/4" male threaded adapter to bulk head fitting and attach PVC tubing.
File:Drum_frame.jpg|Sectioned 55-gallon drum attached to the yoke.
||||24.) Attach 3/4" male threaded adapter to the other bulk head fitting.
</gallery>
||||25.) Disassemble parts and glue all connections.
 
|footer=
The Drum Fame is a relatively quick build. The 55-gallon drum and boards could be substituted for larger or smaller sizes depending upon available resources.
}}
 
=== Materials ===
 
* 1 55 gallon drum
* 20 wood screws
* 1 45" x 2" x 4" board
* 2 36" x 1/2" x 4" board
 
=== Instructions ===
 
# Rinse off the inside and outside of 55 gallon drum.
# Mark the top and bottom at the diameter.
# Stretch a chalk line from the top to the bottom and snap a line. Repeat until all four sides of drum are marked.
# Cut the drum longitudinally.
# Cut (1) board 2" x 4" at 45"
# Place drum sections parallel on even surface. Line up drum ends.
# Place 45"x 2"x 4" board in between sections.
# Flush the drum sections to the 2"x4" and clamp in place.
# Using 1(1/2") wood screws fasten both sections to the 2" x 4" board.
# Mark the underside of the 2" x 4" on both ends to make a saddle notch.
# Cut out saddle notch.
# Insert Drum Frame into PVC frame. Making sure to align saddle notches of both the PVC and Drum frame.
# Drill a few holes in each of the drum sections approximately 1" below the top. (overflow)
 
== Inlet/Outlet system ==
 
The inlet/outlet system is one of the most complicated and labor-intensive parts of the entire WetLand bog. After much trial and error the plans for the system that worked the best for our prototype bog are as follows:
 
=== Materials ===
 
[[File:Beneathbog.jpg||thumb|300px|right|Underneath the bog, Inlet and Outlet system connecting the halves of the 55-gallon drum with bulkhead fittings, hose fittings, Barbed Insert Elbow and black tubing]]
 
[[File:inletoutlet.jpg||thumb|300px|right|Inlet and Outlet inside the bog]]
 
* 8 (3/4") x 90-degree fittings
* 1 (3/4") hose fitting
* 1 (3/4") nipple threaded
* 1 (3/4") female coupling threaded
* 2 (3/4") male threaded adapter
* 2 (3/4") bulkhead fitting
* 2 (3/4") to 1" male threaded adapter
* 2 1" Barbed insert to 1"
* 1 Barbed Insert Elbow
* 1' Black Tubing - 1"
* 1 (3/4") PVC t-joint
* PVC glue
* ~70" (3/4") PVC pipe
 
=== Instructions ===
 
[[File:Inlet.JPG|thumb|400px|right|Hose connection]]
 
# Obtain all materials.
# Mark each section of the drum at 4" from the end.
# Drill out and insert bulk head fittings at the 4" mark.
# Attach 1" barbed insert to 1" to each bulk head.
# Cut the 1" black tubing in half and attach to barbed inserts.
# Attach barbed insert elbow to black tubing ends.
# Assemble the hose connection by inserting a 3/4" hose fitting to 3/4" nipple.
# Screw nipple into 3/4" female threaded coupling.
# Screw female threaded coupling into 3/4" male threaded adapter.
# Attach 6-8" of 3/4" PVC to 3/4" male threaded adapter.
# Attach (3/4") t-joint to PVC.
# Insert 6" of 3/4" PVC into either side of t-joint.
# Attach 90 degree elbow fitting to both ends of PVC.
# Insert 7" of PVC into each elbow.
# Attach 90 degree elbow to both ends of PVC.
# Cut 2 pieces of 3/4" PVC tubing at 40".
# Drill 3/16" holes every 4-6" on one side of both 40" PVC sections.
# Attach PVC tubing to 90 degree fittings, with holes facing down.
# Attach 90 degree fitting to PVC tubing.
# Insert 4" PVC tubing into each 90 degree fitting.
# Attach 90 degree fitting to each PVC section.
# Insert 1" PVC tubing to 90 degree fitting.
# Attach 3/4" male threaded adapter to bulk head fitting and attach PVC tubing.
# Attach 3/4" male threaded adapter to the other bulk head fitting.
# Disassemble parts and glue all connections.
 
== Testing ==
 
Testing of the constructed bog began on April 29, 2014, and lasted until May 11, 2014. A variety of parameters were tested both visually and mechanically. Our original test site was a location along the Mad River. We eventually obtained permission to test the bog at Fern Lake.
 
<gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="300px">
File:PVC Frame.JPG|PVC Frame at test site
File:Waterpvctube.jpg|First Buoyancy test: PVC tube with water bottles - Duration in the water 30 minutes test
File:Taylortest.jpg|Taylor testing for buoyancy - Test time 15 minutes in the Mad River
</gallery>
 
=== Buoyancy ===
 
Buoyancy testing began with a single capped PVC tube, which we found to be surprisingly buoyant. We then tested the same tube with plastic water bottle lids screwed directly into the PVC tube. This was also surprisingly buoyant. We then filled each bottle with water and found the PVC tube to displace enough water with the added weight to float just above the waterline. Testing progressed to the PVC frame of our final design. We added a quartered lifeguard buoy for extra buoyancy. With the request of our client for a water quality monitoring system, we eventually added the sectioned 55-gallon drum to the PVC frame. Testing of the PVC frame and the 55-gallon drum proved buoyant. We filled the drum with 40 gallons of water, a 170-pound team member hopped in wearing a 30 lbs weight belt and the bog still floated. Our results show that PVC when capped and sealed is buoyant. The sectioned 55-gallon drum also proved to be buoyant and when combined the two were able to maintain positive buoyancy with over 500 pounds added.
 
170lbs(teammate)+30lbs(weight belt)+(40gal of fresh water*8.34lbs/gal fresh water)= 533.6lbs.


==Testing==
=== Pressure ===


[[Image:PVC Frame.JPG|thumb|right|300px|PVC Frame at test site]]
Pressure testing begins by adding half of the teammate's body weight which totaled 85lbs onto the PVC frame. The Frame remained steady only tilting to the sides when pressure was added significantly to one side of the bog. Another test took place in which a group member tried to submerge the bog in Fern Lake from the sides of the 55-gallon drum and middle border connecting the halve drums. With 190lbs of pressure, it did not tilt or submerge the bog from the middle border. The sides of the PVC frame did experience submergence in the water but did not cause any damage to the bog.
Testing of the constructed bog began April 29, 2014 and lasted until May 11, 2014. A variety of parameters were tested both visually and mechanically. Our original test site was a location along the Mad River. We eventually obtained permission to test the bog at Fern Lake.


===Buoyancy===
[[File:Kevintest.jpg||thumb|Kevin's pressure test on the bog stationed in Fern Lake]]
Buoyancy testing began with single capped PVC tube. Which we found to be surprisingly buoyant.  We then tested the same tube with plastic water bottle lids screwed directly into the PVC tube.  This was also surprisingly buoyant.  We than filled each bottle to the with water and found the PVC tube to displace enough water with the added weight to float just above the water line.  Testing progressed to the PVC frame of our final design. We added a quartered lifeguard buoy for extra buoyancy.  With the request of our client for a water quality monitoring system we eventually added the sectioned 55 gallon drum to the PVC frame.  Testing of the PVC frame and the 55 gallon drum proved to overwhelmingly buoyant.  We filled the drum with 40 gallons of water, a 170 pound team member hopped in wearing a 30 lbs weight belt and the bog still floated.  Our results show that PVC when capped and sealed is buoyant.  The sectioned 55 gallon drum also proved to be buoyant and when when combined the two were able to maintain positive buoyancy with over 500 pounds added.


170lbs(teammate)+30lbs(weight belt)+(40gal of fresh water*8.34lbs/gal fresh water)= 533.6lbs. 
=== Water Quality ===


===Pressure===
Water quality was monitored once a day over four days. We checked the PH, turbidity, dissolved Oxygen, and Salinity of the bog. We also tested the water at the test site for comparison. Results are as follows.


===Water Quality===
[[File:Watertest.jpg||thumb|350px|right|Water Quality Testing Equipment: Left - Dissolve Oxygen: Middle - PH and Salinity: Right - Turbidity]]
Water quality was monitored once a day over four days.  We checked the PH, turbidity, dissolved Oxygen, and Salinity of the bog.  We also tested the water at the test site for comparison.  Results are as follows.


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+PH
|+ PH
! style="background:Yellow;" |Date
! style="background:Yellow;" |Fern Lake
! style="background:Yellow;" |Bog
|-
|-
! style="background:Yellow;"|Date
| 5/8/14
! style="background:Yellow;"|Fern Lake
| 7.64
! style="background:Yellow;"|Bog
| 6.87
|-
|-
| 5/8/14
| 7.64
| 6.87
|-
| 5/9/14
| 5/9/14
|
| 7.38
|  
| 6.68
|-
|-
| 5/10/14  
| 5/10/14
|
| 7.70
|  
| 6.90
|-
|-
| 5/11/14
| 5/11/14
|
| 7.95
|
| 6.85
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Turbidity
|+ Turbidity
! style="background:Yellow;" |Date
! style="background:Yellow;" |Fern Lake(NTU)
! style="background:Yellow;" |Bog (NTU)
|-
|-
! style="background:Yellow;"|Date
| 5/8/14
! style="background:Yellow;"|Fern Lake(NTU)
| 4.16
! style="background:Yellow;"|Bog (NTU)
|-
| 5/8/14  
| 4.16  
| 5.20
| 5.20
|-
|-
| 5/9/14  
| 5/9/14
|
| 4.79
|  
| 6.29
|-
|-
| 5/10/14  
| 5/10/14
|
| 4.68
|  
| 12.70
|-
|-
| 5/11/14
| 5/11/14
|
| 4.57
|
| 7.34
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Dissolved Oxygen  
|+ Dissolved Oxygen
! style="background:Yellow;" |Date
! style="background:Yellow;" |Fern Lake(%)
! style="background:Yellow;" |Bog (%)
|-
|-
! style="background:Yellow;"|Date
| 5/8/14
! style="background:Yellow;"|Fern Lake(%)
| 102.1
! style="background:Yellow;"|Bog (%)
|-
| 5/8/14  
| 102.1  
| 34.5
| 34.5
|-
|-
| 5/9/14  
| 5/9/14
|
| 103.7
|  
| 42.5
|-
|-
| 5/10/14  
| 5/10/14
|
| 104.9
|  
| 63.7
|-
|-
| 5/11/14
| 5/11/14
|
| 101.3
|
| 57.2
|}
|}


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Salinity
|+ Salinity
! style="background:Yellow;" |Date
! style="background:Yellow;" |Fern Lake(%)
! style="background:Yellow;" |Bog (%)
|-
|-
! style="background:Yellow;"|Date
| 5/8/14
! style="background:Yellow;"|Fern Lake(°%)
| 90.9
! style="background:Yellow;"|Bog (%)
|-
| 5/8/14  
| 90.9  
| 38.5
| 38.5
|-
|-
| 5/9/14  
| 5/9/14
|
| 91.7
|  
| 38.3
|-
|-
| 5/10/14  
| 5/10/14
|
| 91.7
|  
| 20.4
|-
|-
|5/11/14
| 5/11/14
|
| 92.0
|
| 27.9
|}
|}


==Plants==
== Plants ==
We chose to use non-invasive local plants for the prototype bog.  Plants were obtained from the surrounding landscape at the test site.  Information on appropriate plants was obtained from staff and students at Humboldt State University and http://www.appropedia.org/Emergent_plants_for_constructed_wetlands.
 
[[File:ArcataForest.jpg|||thumb|Arcata Community Forest environment-Fern Lake with WetLand bog out in the distance]]


For testing purposes we planted a variety of local flora.
We chose to use non-invasive local plants for the prototype bog. Plants were obtained from the surrounding landscape at the test site. Information on appropriate plants was obtained from staff and students at Cal Poly Humboldt.<ref>[https://www.appropedia.org/Emergent_plants_for_constructed_wetlands http://www.appropedia.org/Emergent_plants_for_constructed_wetlands].</ref>
*Skunk Cabbage
*Horsetail
*Lilly
===Rush===
Horsetail sp: Spenophyta
===Sedges===
Scouring rush sp: Spenophyta


==Tools==
For testing purposes, we planted a variety of local flora.
This is a comprehensive list of all the tools we used to construct the bog.  Other tools may be substituted.


*Hack saw
* Skunk Cabbage sp: Lysichiton americanus
*Circular saw
* Horsetail sp: Spenophyta
*Reciprocating Saw
* Lilly sp: Erythronium hendersonii S. Watson
*Tape measure
*Hammer
*Extension Cord(s)
*Metal snips
*Clamps
*Wood Chisel
*Screw Gun
*Marker
*Chalk line
*1/4" drill bit
*3/16" drill bit
*Pipe Wrench
*Square
*Vice
*Rubber mallet
*1"x (3/4") hole cutter
*Shovel


== Operation ==
== Operation ==
This is how to successfully operate the bog. Once planted the bog will require visual inspection, water quality analysis and should be flushed 2-3 times per week.  
 
This is how to successfully operate the bog. Once planted the bog will require visual inspection, water quality analysis and should be flushed 2-3 times per week.
 
[[File:Bog2.jpg||thumb|Bog- May10, 2014]]


=== Maintenance ===
=== Maintenance ===
Maintenance of the bog should be preformed daily, weekly and monthly. Maintenance consists of visual monitoring for undesirable materials, leaks, plant health and water quality analysis.
 
Maintenance of the bog should be performed daily, weekly, and monthly. Maintenance consists of visual monitoring for undesirable materials, leaks, plant health, and water quality analysis.


=== Schedule ===
=== Schedule ===
<!-- Please keep the format the same as it populates the kiosk in CCAT. -->
<!-- Please keep the format the same as it populates the kiosk in CCAT. -->


;Daily
;Daily
*Visual inspection for undesirable materials.
 
*Visual inspection for leaks.
* Visual inspection for undesirable materials.
*Visual inspection of overall plant health.
* Visual inspection for leaks.
* Visual inspection of overall plant health.


;Weekly
;Weekly
*Water quality analysis.
 
*2-3 times per week the bog should be drained and injected with new water.
* Water quality analysis.
* 2-3 times per week the bog should be drained and injected with new water.


;Monthly
;Monthly
*Flush entire system, including check valves and pump.
*Re-plant as necessary.


=== Instructions ===
* Flush entire system, including check valves and pump.
This is how to maintain. The step by step how to template {{Tl|How to}} is most likely best for this part.
* Re-plant as necessary.
 
== Video ==


{{How to
{{Video
|title=How to Do Something
| video = uv0Df1a1A5Y
|File:Bpack bike trailer - demo 1.jpg |Backpack frame bike trailer |1 |Do something.
| description = Demonstration of the bog at Fern Lake.
|File:Aleiha dish.jpg |Aleiha's parabolic solar cooker |2 |Do something really complicated but made simple, etc.
}}
}}


==Conclusion==
== Conclusion ==
===Discussion===


===Lessons Learned===
=== Discussion ===
*perforated pipe for inlet/outlet system, may not need as many holes on the intake side.
*drums connected in series
*capped PVC is very buoyant


The prototype bog we built is 4'x3' (1/4) the scale of the final project. The design we have come up with can easily be manipulated and expanded upon to meet the final scale of 16'x3'. Our prototype serves as the basic building block for the final installation. Each PVC Fame and drum frame allows for easy expansion to a larger size with the addition of many of the same parts.


===Next Steps===
=== Lessons Learned ===
To size up our bog the the appropriate scale for the client we have come up with a design that can be manipulated and easily expanded upon.  Our bog is built to 1/4 the scale of the final installation.  The final design will be 16'x 3'.


===Troubleshooting===
* Perforated pipe for inlet/outlet system, may not need as many holes on the intake side.
==Team==
* Drums connected in series
The members who are responsible for the Wetland bog prototype. Spring 2014 semester. Engineering 305 at Humboldt State University. Teacher: [[User: Lonny|Lonny Graphman]]
* Capped PVC is very buoyant
*[[User:Tbyrd|Taylor Strawn]]
* Make sure to add primer and enough PVC cement to the elbows and fittings. Allow plenty of time for PVC cement to dry.
* Plants in bogs should be monitor daily for water quality assurance.
* Plan out before executing any component of the bog, assure security to save time and money.
* When building any component of the bog, especially PVC frame, make sure the frame is straight while cementing.
* Watch out for air pockets in water pump, can make a big difference in the pressure of water going in and out the bog.
* When making the water pump be extra careful placing the O-rings edges around the PVC pipe.
* Bogs are awesome Appropriate Technology.


==References==
== Team ==
{{Reflist}}
 
The members who are responsible for the Wetland bog prototype for the Spring 2014 semester, Engineering 305 (Appropriate Technology) course at Cal Poly Humboldt.
 
* [[User:Tbyrd|Taylor Strawn]]
* [[User:KBM|Kevin Brenes-Melgar]]
 
== References ==
 
Most of the references use in this section are for Eastern states native flora as this project will be projected in Philadelphia. Check USDA for plant habitat suitability.
 
<references />
 
{{Page data
| part-of = Engr305 Appropriate Technology, WetLand ENGR215 projects
| keywords = bog, installation, water quality, 55 gallon drum, bulkhead, cement, pvc, utility hose, wood, WetLand, Water quality
| sdg = SDG04 Quality education, SDG06 Clean water and sanitation, SDG11 Sustainable cities and communities
| published = 2014
| organizations = Knight Foundation, Cal Poly Humboldt, WetLand, Engr205 Introduction to Design
| license = CC-BY-SA-3.0
| language = en
}}


[[Category:Engr305 Appropriate Technology]]
[[Category:Water quality]]
[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Wood]]
[[Category:WetLand]]
[[Category:WetLand]]

Latest revision as of 16:43, 28 February 2024

The bog.jpg
FA info icon.svg Angle down icon.svg Project data
Authors Taylor Strawn
Kevin Melgar
Location Philadelphia, United States
Status Deployed
Completed 2014
Made yes
Cost USD 165.63
OKH Manifest Download

The WetLand bog can provide sustenance, promote increased water quality, provide habitat and will serve as a working educational platform. WetLand bog is designed to inspire environmentally friendly means to meet the challenges of coming generations. WetLand bogs seeks to serve as a model for potential sustainable resource expansion and development.

The project is an initiative by New York artist and sculptor Mary Mattingly, who designs sustainable installations and alternative living models.

Background[edit | edit source]

WetLand is a floating island that illustrates a partially-submerged house surrounded by a human-made bog. The interior of the house is functional and contains a live, work, and enclosed performance space with: a dry compost toilet, kitchen with sink and shower that utilize purified rainwater. A 40x20x3' flat deck barge and two access gangways composes the primary infrastructure. A greenhouse in a structure adjacent to the submerged house contains vegetables grown hydroponically, a natural grey water filtration system, and soil-based produce. WetLand's railings around the perimeter are also made into planters, and floating planters around the perimeter include bulrush, cattail, and veining plants that all naturally clean the water.

What: As environmental instability continues to transform our cities, what happens when the land we use is only temporary? WetLand is a mobile, sculptural habitat and public space atop a barge made to explore solutions for sea-level rise, housing, resource interdependence, and a decrease in useable land.

Events will be programmed with FringeArts. Residents will live on board and host events, from workshops to skill shares. High school and college students in Philadelphia will help steward the space, collect data about energy use and production, and test and maintain onboard water systems.

Where: WetLand will be constructed at Pier 9, across from FringeArts in Old Town, Philadelphia. It will be tugged to Penn's Landing adjacent to the Seaport Museum and open to the public on August 15, 2014.

When: WetLand will launch August 15th on the Delaware River at Penn's Landing through September 31, 2014.

Why: WetLand is a narrative approach to inhabiting a future Philadelphia with accelerated environmental challenges that are interconnected and everywhere, including lack of clean water, usable land. This is at once a visually engaging structure but also a working living system narrated by its users, who look to a time when people are again dependent on the nearness to the water. WetLand is an experiment that uses water in various ways: To float, to desalinate river water for growing plants, to tie up to or launch from, and to bridge urban space with nature. The waterfront is often under-appreciated and underused that has potential to bring together a site and communities. When activated, the site brings people to the nature that lies on the edge of the city and effectively brings interdependence between both of those spaces to the forefront.

WetLand addresses the importance of decentralizing our basic resources by using appropriate technology to create a regenerative water-based living system that provides food grown from cleaned river water, power from sun and tides, shelter for living and events, collected and purified rainwater for all other needs. We need to work together to build cities that connect, heal, and empower. We need people living in cities that join the city with nature who can care for it and work out an idea of nature that includes human culture and livelihood.

How: Building supplies for WetLand are reclaimed from the local waste stream to further narrate a future when reuse is common and parts are made with found materials. This project will be completed through FringeArts, the James L. Knight Foundation, and the partnerships we make together.

Who: WetLand is sponsored by The James L. Knight Foundation with FringeArts. For more details including additional partners contact studio@marymattingly.com and sarah@fringearts.com. Coming soon: www.wet-land.org

Problem statement[edit | edit source]

The objective of this project is to design a floating bog to provide inspirational awareness to alternative sustainable environmental design. The floating bog is to be placed in the Delaware River alongside the WetLand barge which will be moored in a prominent part of downtown Philadelphia. The floating bog will be used throughout the duration of the WetLand project and serve as an educational platform of alternative water treatment techniques. The crew aboard the WetLand barge may choose to plant the bog with edible plants for added sustenance. The ability to manually monitor the quality of the bog water will play an essential role in the educational component and promote community engagement.

Bog at Fern Lake

Literature Review[edit | edit source]

This is a review of the available literature pertinent to the prototype WetLand bog to be constructed for the WetLand barge in Philadelphia, PA.

Wetlands Wetlands are described as areas that are saturated with water for extended periods of time and support vegetation specifically adapted thrive in saturated soil. Wetlands are generally transitional areas between open water and dry land.[1]Historically wetlands were regarded as economically useless land. Wetlands support a variety of plants species including bulrushes, mangroves, sedges and cordgrass. Many of the plants that inhabit wetland areas have proven to be sufficient at filtering and removing pollutants from water.[2] Wetlands provide a variety of ecological services including water filtration, habitat for waterfowl and other wildlife and serve as a buffer zones against erosion and rising water.[3]

This biome occupies roughly 6 percent of the world's surface and enhances the global cycling of water. These natural lands have been use and abused by society and are one of the most threatened ecosystems. Rapid industrial and social changes that effect the environment are undermining the conservation efforts of wetlands, development efforts such as the WetLand bog can help alleviate this unique natural commodity. Wetlands comprised of very diverse habitats that are vital to multiple dimensions of global resources and ecological substance.[4]

Floating Wetlands With the transformation of waterfronts in coastal areas to industrial centers the water quality and loss of valuable habitat have come into question. Many coastal cities have begun to explore the validity of small scale floating wetland projects to restore ecological services to their shorelines and waterways. Constructed ecosystems in urban areas may prove to improve conditions. Floating wetlands may prove to provide invaluable ecosystem services to these once natural areas through functions such as pollutant uptake, habitat creation and increased aesthetic appeal. One promising case is in the city of Baltimore, Maryland. Beginning in 2010 two separate floating wetland installations tripled the coverage of wetlands and by 2012 the coverage area increase to 2,000 square feet. The productivity and ultimate success of floating wetlands is yet to be determined, but the practice has been going on for over two decades in some regions. Many cultural obstacles stand in the way of floating wetland installations such as regional policy and funding. But the future of floating wetland systems appear promising.[5]

Invasive Plants Invasive plants are characterized as any plant species that is non-native to an area that after introduction have the ability to out-compete the native flora.[6] Many plant species, either native or non-native, have the potential to become invasive. Plants that fall under this heading have the potential to invade or degrade areas. Invasive plants evolved in areas other than the area where they are classified as invasive. Their evolutionary traits allow them once introduced to new areas to surpass the native flora in nutrient uptake, space and in some cases introduce new pests and diseases that can have devastating effects to local flora. Invasive plants have the ability to crowd out native species, and are generally better at some facets of a plant species life cycle then the native species. Invasive's are often hard to control and can become prolific given enough time.[7] Plants native to one area are not necessarily invasive in another. The distinction between invasive and newly introduced plants lies in a species ability to overtake native flora in an area other then were they evolved.

Vegetation Wetland vegetation is the primarily component that will thrive and prolong the nature, mechanics and beauty that a wetland conveys. Wetland sensitivity such as hydroperiod, hydrodynamics and nutrient availability are depended on which type of wetland the plants will nurture. Several plant species and genera grow only in Salt to brackish marshes, freshwater marshes, freshwater swamps and peatland ecosystems.[8] Identifying the importance of each species habitat is indicative for the type of wetland one chooses to construct. Amongst the importance of wetland vegetation, some plants can have medicinal, and edible benefits. Some are both medicinal and edible, such as the Groundnut (Apios americana medik), which has three times the protein of potatoes. The medicinal value found in plants can be traced from Native American tribes that use plants for their medicinal significance. Tea made from the roots and leaves of medicinal plants is a favorable approach; medicinal plants can range from curing stomachaches, headaches, colds, to swellings.[9] In addition, a wetland is primarily consists of plants with water filtrating qualities. These plants natural ability to purify water can help with water quality assessments of turbidity, pH levels, alkalinity, toxic pollutants or substances (human health criteria for systemic toxicants) and biological monitoring..[10]

Project Evaluation Criteria[edit | edit source]

The following Criteria will be used to assess the success of this project. These criteria were chosen based on input from the artist and the team of students responsible for the design and construction of the prototype. The scale (1-10) represents the importance level of meeting the constraint of each listed criteria. 10 has the largest magnitude and decrease numerically in descending order.

Criteria Constraints Weight
(1-10)
Budget Must be between $600-$1,000. 10
Aesthetics Compliment the installation and increase appeal. 9
Vegetation Plants must be adequate for the Delaware River regional climate, water quality, and be able to endure as it moves to New York. 10
Education Educational aspect compliments the overall theme of the project. 7
Reproducibility Can be easily recreated with readily available materials. 8
Functionality Utilize the appropriate and most efficient water purifying and oxygen adding plants. 9
Materials Recyclable materials preferred obtained from the Philadelphia area. 9
Maintenance Be easily maintained with little to no expertise. 7

Budget[edit | edit source]

The project will require a variety of new and re-purposed materials. Many of the new materials were purchased from local businesses and used materials were gathered from a variety of locations throughout Arcata, CA. Donated items include PVC, lifeguard buoy, nylon rope, and 2"x4" wood. Donors are listed as 'source' in the table.

Quantity Material Source Cost ($) Project Cost ($) Total ($)
1 55 gallon drum Water Planet Garden Supply 32.38 32.48 32.48
5 Pipe sch. 40 1"x 10' end cap Ace Hardware 0.80 4.00 4.00
3 1-1/14' x 10' PVC Pipe DWV Ace Hardware 0.89 2.67 2.67
1 O-ring #35732 Ace Hardware 0.35 0.35 0.35
3 O-ring #35740 Ace Hardware 0.45 1.35 1.35
1 O-ring #35764 Ace Hardware 0.35 0.35 0.35
1 Utility Hose 1/2" x 10' Ace Hardware 7.99 7.99 7.99
1 Cement PVC 80Z Ace Hardware 5.99 5.99 5.99
5 3/4" PVC adapters Ace Hardware 0.59 2.95 2.95
1 1-1/4" couple SxS Sch. 40 Ace Hardware 0.99 0.99 0.99
1 3/4" T-fitting PVC sch. 80 Ace Hardware 3.99 3.99 3.99
1 Teflon Tape Ace Hardware 0.99 0.99 0.99
1 Insert male Adapter 3/4" Ace Hardware 2.99 2.99 2.99
1 Slip Cap 1" Ace Hardware 0.99 0.99 0.99
1 Plug Slip 3/4 Ace Hardware 1.99 1.99 1.99
1 T-fitting 1" Ace Hardware 1.99 1.99 1.99
1 Slip Cap 1" Ace Hardware 0.99 0.99 0.99
1 reducer bush 1-1/4" Ace Hardware 1.99 1.99 1.99
1 Slip Cap 1-1/4" Ace Hardware 0.99 0.99 0.99
1 Nipple Sch. 80 PVC 3/4" close Ace Hardware 0.99 0.99 0.99
2 check valve Ace Hardware 9.99 19.98 19.98
2 3/4" PVC nipple Ace Hardware 0.99 1.98 1.98
2 1.5" sch 40 Slip Cap Ace Hardware 1.50 3.89 3.89
1 small screws (20) Ace Hardware 1.99 1.99 1.99
3 O-ring Ace Hardware 0.35 1.05 1.05
1 90* Elbow 3/4" Sch. 40 Ace Hardware 0.79 0.79 0.79
20 washers Do it Best 0.17 3.40 3.40
4 90* 1x1/2 PVC Do it Best 0.61 2.45 2.45
2 small screws Do it Best 1.19 2.38 2.38
1 12' nylon rope Donated 5.00 0.00 0.00
4 6' x 1-1/4" PVC Pipe Sch. 40 Donated 30.00 0.00 0.00
5 18' x 3/4" PVC Pipe Sch. 40 Donated 30.00 0.00 0.00
1 Lifeguard Bouy Donated 15.00 0.00 0.00
1 2"x4"x28" wood Donated 3.68 0.00 0.00
2 1" Bulkhead fitting Bayside Garden Supply 9.95 19.90 19.90
1 1" Barbed insert to 1" Bayside Garden Supply 0.55 1.10 1.10
1 Barbed Insert Elbow Bayside Garden Supply 0.55 1.10 1.10
1 1" Black Tubing - 1" Bayside Garden Supply 1.45 1.45 1.45
2 3/4" to 1" male adapter Do it Best 1.99 3.98 3.98
5 90* 3/4" elbow Do it Best 0.59 2.95 2.95
1 Nipple PVC 3/4" Do it Best 0.69 0.65 0.65
1 Adapter Male 3/4" Do it Best 0.59 0.55 0.59
1 3/4" Threaded Coupling Do it Best 0.69 0.65 0.69
1 3/4" T-fitting Do it Best 0.69 0.69 0.69
1 3/4" Cap Do it Best 0.49 0.49 0.49
1 3/4" Female Hose x Female Thread Adapter Do it Best 4.49 4.45 4.49
Sub-Total Cost $158.01
Total Cost with California 8.25% sales tax $165.63

Timeline[edit | edit source]

Tentative timeline of tasks to date.

Timeline
Date Task
March 2, 2014 Create timeline and finish budget.
March 06-11, 2014 Research and development of new ways to design Mary Mattingly's new bog idea.
March 12, 2014 Assembling materials and designs.
March 20, 2014 Contacting potential donors for needed materials and components. Begin contacted with HSU fisheries and Redwood Lab for PVC pipe donations.
March 29, 2014 Begin construction of bog: gathered donated materials and built water pump.
March 30, 2014 Built WetLand bog PVC frame.
April 2, 2014 Begin testing PVC frame for buoyancy. Testing location was at Mad River in Arcata, California.
April 4, 2014 Begin contacting Fern Lake, and the Arcata Marsh for potential test sites for the bog.
April 13, 2014 Built 55 gallon drum frame. First Inlet and Outlet system built. Testing for buoyancy was done at the Mad River for almost an hour to check for steadiness as it was holding approximately 200lbs.
April 16, 2014 Further research and development for Appropedia.
April 18, 2014 HSU Plant Operation donations of Wood pellets, netting and plastic bottles gathered. Designing continued for scaling bog to 16'x3'.
April 20, 2014 Finalize Inlet and Outlet System, build the wood frame attach to our 55 gallon drum.
April 28, 2014 Contacted Sabine Mader from HSU fisheries department for final permission to place the bog in Fern Lake, Arcata, California.
April 29, 2014 Daily monitoring and testing thru May 11, 2014 was done in Fern Lake.
May 2, 2014 Fill 55 gallon drum about 1/2 way with water to test for buoyancy, and water resistance in Fern lake.
May 4, 2014 Placed rocks inside the bog along with plants, and final component was built.
May 5-9, 2014 Daily plant monitoring continue and water quality testing begin.
May 9, 2014 Final Appropredia write up.
May 10, 2014 Continue-Water quality testing.
May 11, 2014 Final water quality testing. Disassembling the bog.
May 12, 2014 Class presentation.
May 15, 2014 Conclusion of project and final presentation for Mary Mattingly.

Tools[edit | edit source]

This is a comprehensive list of all the tools we used to construct the bog. Other tools may be substituted. *Tools used not considered part of the budget as they are owned by a team member.

  • Hack saw
  • Circular saw
  • Reciprocating Saw
  • Tape measure
  • Hammer
  • Extension Cord(s)
  • Metal snips
  • Clamps
  • Wood Chisel
  • Screw Gun
  • Marker
  • Chalk line
  • 1/4" drill bit
  • 3/16" drill bit
  • Pipe Wrench
  • Square
  • Vice
  • Rubber mallet
  • 1"x (3/4") hole cutter
  • Shovel

Design[edit | edit source]

During the design process the WetLand bogs team strived to incorporate the ideas of our client, Mary Mattingly, into the parameters of Lonny Grafman's Engineering 305 (Appropriate Technology) course at Cal Poly Humboldt. Over the course of four months our team designed and tested a number of different approaches for this unique task. Our team faced many challenges including limited funding, test site availability and time. One of the unique challenges for this project was that the preliminary design, construction, and testing took place in Arcata, CA, nearly 3,000 miles from the projects final destination.

WetLand bog Design

Water Pump[edit | edit source]

The water pump assembled for the WetLand bog can fill 1/4 of the 55 gallon drum with water at an estimate of 200 pumps and can drain out that amount of water with 300 pumps. These system can check for water quality and monitoring during low and high tides as needed. Water pump is easily attachable with a hose ending into the Inlet and Outlet System.

Water Pump

Materials[edit | edit source]

  • 1 1x1/2"x30" PVC
  • 1 1x1/2" PVC cap
  • 1 1"x36" PVC
  • 1 1" t-joint
  • 1 can PVC glue
  • 2 1"x4" PVC
  • 2 1" PVC cap
  • 2 1x1/2 rubber o-rings
  • 2 3/4" check valves
  • 1 1x1/2"male coupling
  • 2 3/4" PVC nipple
  • 1 3/4" t-joint
  • 2 3/4" male threaded couplings

Instructional video[edit | edit source]

More information on this water pump and its potential can be found in the video below and in our WetLand bog video at the bottom of this Appropredia page:

mqdefault.jpgYouTube_icon.svg
How To Make A PVC Pump!
Keywords: pump, water
Authors: The King of Random

PVC Frame[edit | edit source]

The bog frame will not take much time to construct, however, precision cutting of the PVC pipelines to desired length as well as the cementing of the frame should be done patiently. Four buoy pieces were screw onto the outside of the frame for added buoyancy (buoy use in WetLand bog is graded for commercial use at 200lbs.)

Materials[edit | edit source]

  • 14'x1-1/2" PVC pipe
  • 4x 1-1/2" x 90 degree fittings
  • PVC cement
  • small screws
  • 2 small Buoys
  • 12' rope
  • Fender washers

Instructions[edit | edit source]

  1. Cut 2x1-1/2" PVC pipe into 2 x 4' pieces.
  2. Then get two more 1-1/2" PVC pipe and cut 2 x 3' pieces.
  3. Connect the frame with 4 x 90 degree fittings, make sure all four sides are even.
  4. Cement the inside of the 90 degree fittings and outside ends of the PVC pieces, (make sure frame sits straight on flat surface so it wont bend with cementing fittings).
  5. Let the cement dry
  6. Cut a buoy into 4 equal pieces (buoy has to be long enough to extend to the sides of the PVC frame).
  7. Screw the 4 equal pieces of buoy onto the PVC frame with small screws and washers, 4 screws and 4 washers per side.
  8. Then tie up a 12' rope around the PVC frame along with a buoy to dock the bog.

Drum frame[edit | edit source]

The Drum Fame is a relatively quick build. The 55-gallon drum and boards could be substituted for larger or smaller sizes depending upon available resources.

Materials[edit | edit source]

  • 1 55 gallon drum
  • 20 wood screws
  • 1 45" x 2" x 4" board
  • 2 36" x 1/2" x 4" board

Instructions[edit | edit source]

  1. Rinse off the inside and outside of 55 gallon drum.
  2. Mark the top and bottom at the diameter.
  3. Stretch a chalk line from the top to the bottom and snap a line. Repeat until all four sides of drum are marked.
  4. Cut the drum longitudinally.
  5. Cut (1) board 2" x 4" at 45"
  6. Place drum sections parallel on even surface. Line up drum ends.
  7. Place 45"x 2"x 4" board in between sections.
  8. Flush the drum sections to the 2"x4" and clamp in place.
  9. Using 1(1/2") wood screws fasten both sections to the 2" x 4" board.
  10. Mark the underside of the 2" x 4" on both ends to make a saddle notch.
  11. Cut out saddle notch.
  12. Insert Drum Frame into PVC frame. Making sure to align saddle notches of both the PVC and Drum frame.
  13. Drill a few holes in each of the drum sections approximately 1" below the top. (overflow)

Inlet/Outlet system[edit | edit source]

The inlet/outlet system is one of the most complicated and labor-intensive parts of the entire WetLand bog. After much trial and error the plans for the system that worked the best for our prototype bog are as follows:

Materials[edit | edit source]

Underneath the bog, Inlet and Outlet system connecting the halves of the 55-gallon drum with bulkhead fittings, hose fittings, Barbed Insert Elbow and black tubing
Inlet and Outlet inside the bog
  • 8 (3/4") x 90-degree fittings
  • 1 (3/4") hose fitting
  • 1 (3/4") nipple threaded
  • 1 (3/4") female coupling threaded
  • 2 (3/4") male threaded adapter
  • 2 (3/4") bulkhead fitting
  • 2 (3/4") to 1" male threaded adapter
  • 2 1" Barbed insert to 1"
  • 1 Barbed Insert Elbow
  • 1' Black Tubing - 1"
  • 1 (3/4") PVC t-joint
  • PVC glue
  • ~70" (3/4") PVC pipe

Instructions[edit | edit source]

Hose connection
  1. Obtain all materials.
  2. Mark each section of the drum at 4" from the end.
  3. Drill out and insert bulk head fittings at the 4" mark.
  4. Attach 1" barbed insert to 1" to each bulk head.
  5. Cut the 1" black tubing in half and attach to barbed inserts.
  6. Attach barbed insert elbow to black tubing ends.
  7. Assemble the hose connection by inserting a 3/4" hose fitting to 3/4" nipple.
  8. Screw nipple into 3/4" female threaded coupling.
  9. Screw female threaded coupling into 3/4" male threaded adapter.
  10. Attach 6-8" of 3/4" PVC to 3/4" male threaded adapter.
  11. Attach (3/4") t-joint to PVC.
  12. Insert 6" of 3/4" PVC into either side of t-joint.
  13. Attach 90 degree elbow fitting to both ends of PVC.
  14. Insert 7" of PVC into each elbow.
  15. Attach 90 degree elbow to both ends of PVC.
  16. Cut 2 pieces of 3/4" PVC tubing at 40".
  17. Drill 3/16" holes every 4-6" on one side of both 40" PVC sections.
  18. Attach PVC tubing to 90 degree fittings, with holes facing down.
  19. Attach 90 degree fitting to PVC tubing.
  20. Insert 4" PVC tubing into each 90 degree fitting.
  21. Attach 90 degree fitting to each PVC section.
  22. Insert 1" PVC tubing to 90 degree fitting.
  23. Attach 3/4" male threaded adapter to bulk head fitting and attach PVC tubing.
  24. Attach 3/4" male threaded adapter to the other bulk head fitting.
  25. Disassemble parts and glue all connections.

Testing[edit | edit source]

Testing of the constructed bog began on April 29, 2014, and lasted until May 11, 2014. A variety of parameters were tested both visually and mechanically. Our original test site was a location along the Mad River. We eventually obtained permission to test the bog at Fern Lake.

Buoyancy[edit | edit source]

Buoyancy testing began with a single capped PVC tube, which we found to be surprisingly buoyant. We then tested the same tube with plastic water bottle lids screwed directly into the PVC tube. This was also surprisingly buoyant. We then filled each bottle with water and found the PVC tube to displace enough water with the added weight to float just above the waterline. Testing progressed to the PVC frame of our final design. We added a quartered lifeguard buoy for extra buoyancy. With the request of our client for a water quality monitoring system, we eventually added the sectioned 55-gallon drum to the PVC frame. Testing of the PVC frame and the 55-gallon drum proved buoyant. We filled the drum with 40 gallons of water, a 170-pound team member hopped in wearing a 30 lbs weight belt and the bog still floated. Our results show that PVC when capped and sealed is buoyant. The sectioned 55-gallon drum also proved to be buoyant and when combined the two were able to maintain positive buoyancy with over 500 pounds added.

170lbs(teammate)+30lbs(weight belt)+(40gal of fresh water*8.34lbs/gal fresh water)= 533.6lbs.

Pressure[edit | edit source]

Pressure testing begins by adding half of the teammate's body weight which totaled 85lbs onto the PVC frame. The Frame remained steady only tilting to the sides when pressure was added significantly to one side of the bog. Another test took place in which a group member tried to submerge the bog in Fern Lake from the sides of the 55-gallon drum and middle border connecting the halve drums. With 190lbs of pressure, it did not tilt or submerge the bog from the middle border. The sides of the PVC frame did experience submergence in the water but did not cause any damage to the bog.

Kevin's pressure test on the bog stationed in Fern Lake

Water Quality[edit | edit source]

Water quality was monitored once a day over four days. We checked the PH, turbidity, dissolved Oxygen, and Salinity of the bog. We also tested the water at the test site for comparison. Results are as follows.

Water Quality Testing Equipment: Left - Dissolve Oxygen: Middle - PH and Salinity: Right - Turbidity
PH
Date Fern Lake Bog
5/8/14 7.64 6.87
5/9/14 7.38 6.68
5/10/14 7.70 6.90
5/11/14 7.95 6.85
Turbidity
Date Fern Lake(NTU) Bog (NTU)
5/8/14 4.16 5.20
5/9/14 4.79 6.29
5/10/14 4.68 12.70
5/11/14 4.57 7.34
Dissolved Oxygen
Date Fern Lake(%) Bog (%)
5/8/14 102.1 34.5
5/9/14 103.7 42.5
5/10/14 104.9 63.7
5/11/14 101.3 57.2
Salinity
Date Fern Lake(%) Bog (%)
5/8/14 90.9 38.5
5/9/14 91.7 38.3
5/10/14 91.7 20.4
5/11/14 92.0 27.9

Plants[edit | edit source]

Arcata Community Forest environment-Fern Lake with WetLand bog out in the distance

We chose to use non-invasive local plants for the prototype bog. Plants were obtained from the surrounding landscape at the test site. Information on appropriate plants was obtained from staff and students at Cal Poly Humboldt.[11]

For testing purposes, we planted a variety of local flora.

  • Skunk Cabbage sp: Lysichiton americanus
  • Horsetail sp: Spenophyta
  • Lilly sp: Erythronium hendersonii S. Watson

Operation[edit | edit source]

This is how to successfully operate the bog. Once planted the bog will require visual inspection, water quality analysis and should be flushed 2-3 times per week.

Bog- May10, 2014

Maintenance[edit | edit source]

Maintenance of the bog should be performed daily, weekly, and monthly. Maintenance consists of visual monitoring for undesirable materials, leaks, plant health, and water quality analysis.

Schedule[edit | edit source]

Daily
  • Visual inspection for undesirable materials.
  • Visual inspection for leaks.
  • Visual inspection of overall plant health.
Weekly
  • Water quality analysis.
  • 2-3 times per week the bog should be drained and injected with new water.
Monthly
  • Flush entire system, including check valves and pump.
  • Re-plant as necessary.

Video[edit | edit source]

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Demonstration of the bog at Fern Lake.

Conclusion[edit | edit source]

Discussion[edit | edit source]

The prototype bog we built is 4'x3' (1/4) the scale of the final project. The design we have come up with can easily be manipulated and expanded upon to meet the final scale of 16'x3'. Our prototype serves as the basic building block for the final installation. Each PVC Fame and drum frame allows for easy expansion to a larger size with the addition of many of the same parts.

Lessons Learned[edit | edit source]

  • Perforated pipe for inlet/outlet system, may not need as many holes on the intake side.
  • Drums connected in series
  • Capped PVC is very buoyant
  • Make sure to add primer and enough PVC cement to the elbows and fittings. Allow plenty of time for PVC cement to dry.
  • Plants in bogs should be monitor daily for water quality assurance.
  • Plan out before executing any component of the bog, assure security to save time and money.
  • When building any component of the bog, especially PVC frame, make sure the frame is straight while cementing.
  • Watch out for air pockets in water pump, can make a big difference in the pressure of water going in and out the bog.
  • When making the water pump be extra careful placing the O-rings edges around the PVC pipe.
  • Bogs are awesome Appropriate Technology.

Team[edit | edit source]

The members who are responsible for the Wetland bog prototype for the Spring 2014 semester, Engineering 305 (Appropriate Technology) course at Cal Poly Humboldt.

References[edit | edit source]

Most of the references use in this section are for Eastern states native flora as this project will be projected in Philadelphia. Check USDA for plant habitat suitability.

  1. U.S Army Core of Engineers[1]
  2. [Kulser, Jon A; Kentula, Mary E. 1990. Wetland Creation and Restoration. The Status of the Science]
  3. [Mitsch, Willam J; Gosselink, James G. 2007. Wetlands 4th Edition. ]
  4. Moore, Peter D.. (2001). Wetlands. New York: Facts on File.
  5. [Building Floating Wetlands to Restore Urban Waterfronts and Community Partnership]
  6. USDA legal status plants
  7. City of Philadelphia. Invasive Plant List [2]
  8. Among the Stately Trees, wordpress. (2013). "The top 75 Wetland Plants", Lehigh University.
  9. Tyler Kimberly, Ruan Michelle. 2012. "Edible and Medicinal Plants", SUNY Plattsburgh, NY. http://edibleandmedicinalplants.weebly.com/index.html.
  10. http://www.state.nj.us/drbc/library/documents/WQAssessmentReport2012.pdf
  11. http://www.appropedia.org/Emergent_plants_for_constructed_wetlands.
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