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====Sedimentation==== | ====Sedimentation==== | ||
The easiest way to remove suspended solids is through sedimentation.If it is possible to let the water sit for a period of time, or pass slowly through a tank, heavier particles can settle out. See [[Sedimentation (water treatment)]]{{ | The easiest way to remove suspended solids is through sedimentation.If it is possible to let the water sit for a period of time, or pass slowly through a tank, heavier particles can settle out. See [[Sedimentation (water treatment)]]{{wp sup|Sedimentation (water treatment)}}. Also, if the sedimentation period lasts days to weeks, sedimentation can also have the effect of killing off bacteria. If the water is relatively clear, this step may not be important. Or if the water is turbid (cloudy) but the solids do not settle out easily, this step may be of little use. | ||
A simple test of the efficacy of sedimentation involves, taking a jar of the water and allowing it to sit after being mixed. If the [[supernatant]]{{ | A simple test of the efficacy of sedimentation involves, taking a jar of the water and allowing it to sit after being mixed. If the [[supernatant]]{{wp sup|supernatant}} water is less than 5NTU after 6-8 hours, then either filtration or coagulation must be employed. | ||
INSERT SOME METHOD FOR DETERMINGING SEDIMENTATION TANK SIZE AND CONTACT TIME | INSERT SOME METHOD FOR DETERMINGING SEDIMENTATION TANK SIZE AND CONTACT TIME | ||
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A [[water filter]] is important as pathogens and other contaminants are mostly attached to particles in the water. This step is sometimes skipped if the water is very clear. | A [[water filter]] is important as pathogens and other contaminants are mostly attached to particles in the water. This step is sometimes skipped if the water is very clear. | ||
*[[Slow sand filters]]{{ | *[[Slow sand filters]]{{wp sup|Slow sand filters}} | ||
*[[clay pot filters]]{{ | *[[clay pot filters]]{{wp sup|clay pot filters}} | ||
*[[ceramic water filters]]{{ | *[[ceramic water filters]]{{wp sup|ceramic water filters}} | ||
== Disinfection == | == Disinfection == | ||
Disinfection is the backbone of water treatment and required to inactivate pathogens such as viri and bacteria. Filtration is typically employed so that the disinfection phase is more effective. | Disinfection is the backbone of water treatment and required to inactivate pathogens such as viri and bacteria. Filtration is typically employed so that the disinfection phase is more effective. | ||
*Boil the water for 10 minutes. | *Boil the water for 10 minutes. | ||
*[[Solar water disinfection]]{{ | *[[Solar water disinfection]]{{wp sup|Solar water disinfection}} | ||
*Chlorine or iodine. | *Chlorine or iodine. | ||
== Removing arsenic == | == Removing arsenic == | ||
In cases of arsenic contamination the [[Sono arsenic filter]]{{ | In cases of arsenic contamination the [[Sono arsenic filter]]{{wp sup|Sono arsenic filter}} should be considered. As it contains sand and charcoal, the filter should also be effective against other impurities. Arsenic containing water is typically groundwater and thus should not usually contain significant pathogens. Iron and manganese oxides can offer a cheap method of removing low levels of arsenic from water. The oxides are able to adsorb arsenic ions and remove them from solution. | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||